2S10

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Basic Action Principle
SS-31 (Szeto-Schiller 31) is a cationic tetrapeptide specifically targeting mitochondria. It can penetrate the cell membrane and directly accumulate in the inner mitochondrial membrane, eliminating free radicals and stabilizing the membrane structure within the mitochondria. It does not interfere with other normal cellular pathways and is only used as a laboratory research material. It has no compliant oral or topical finished products.
1. Strong Antioxidation in Mitochondria (Core Function)
Directly eliminate reactive oxygen species in mitochondria
Mitochondria are the main site of free radical generation in cells. 2S10 can directly reach the inner membrane and neutralize superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, etc., strong oxidizing toxins, blocking the oxidation chain reaction, significantly reducing mitochondrial oxidative damage.
Protect the integrity and stability of the mitochondrial inner membrane
Inhibit lipid peroxidation caused by oxidation, maintain the balance of inner membrane potential, prevent membrane damage and the leakage of cytochrome C, blocking the apoptosis pathway induced by oxidative stress from the source.
Enhance mitochondrial antioxidant reserves
Upregulate the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in mitochondria, long-term reduce the basal oxidative stress level of cells, and delay mitochondrial aging and decline.
2. Optimize cellular energy metabolism and improve efficiency of energy production
Stabilize the energy supply chain of oxidative phosphorylation
Protect the structure of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, reduce energy transfer loss, improve ATP synthesis efficiency, alleviate cellular hypoxia, fatigue, and insufficient energy production states.
Reduce the accumulation of metabolic waste
Reduce the accumulation of lactic acid from anaerobic metabolism and oxidative by-products, reduce the metabolic load of cells, and be applicable for in vitro research related to endurance of muscle, cardiac muscle, and nerve cells.
Improve the function of aging mitochondria
In the model of aged cells, repair damaged mitochondrial structures, restore the energy supply capacity of aged cells, and delay the aging phenotype caused by energy depletion.
3. Protection of multiple organ cell damage (in vitro tissue experiments)
1. Cardiac muscle / cardiovascular protection
Reduce the proportion of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ischemic and hypoxic models, alleviate oxidative damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion;
Protect vascular endothelial mitochondria, reduce chronic inflammation and lipid oxidation deposition of the endothelium, used for research on the mechanism of atherosclerosis.
2. Nerve cell maintenance (brain neurons)
Resist the damage of oxidative, hypoxic, and toxins to the mitochondria of nerve cells, reduce nerve cell apoptosis;
Relieve chronic low-level inflammation, reduce cognitive decline and cell damage related to neurodegeneration;
Stabilize the energy supply of brain cells, improve the fatigue and hypoxia-induced decline in nerve vitality.
3. Liver and kidney organ protection
Reduce the damage of chemical toxins and oxidative stress to mitochondrial cells of liver and kidney cells, reduce the activation of signals for cell necrosis and fibrosis, used for drug organ toxicity screening experiments.
4. Skeletal muscle cell repair
Relieve mitochondrial oxidative damage of muscle cells after exercise and high-intensity metabolism, reduce muscle protein breakdown, shorten the recovery cycle at the cellular level, and enhance the endurance reserve of muscle cells.
4. Broad-spectrum anti-apoptosis and delay aging
Block the endogenous apoptotic pathway mediated by mitochondria, reduce programmed cell death induced by oxidation, toxins, and aging;
Reduce the release of aging-related secretory factors (inflammatory aging factors), inhibit chronic low-level inflammation throughout the body;
Extend the healthy proliferation cycle of somatic cells, reduce the accumulation of aging cells, belong to research tools at the cellular level for anti-aging.
5. In vitro repair effect on skin cells
Protect the mitochondria of epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts, resist oxidative damage caused by ultraviolet rays and free radicals;
Reduce the degradation of collagen and elastic fibers caused by oxidation, maintain the integrity of extracellular matrix;
Relieve oxidative damage of cells caused by photoaging, only at the level of in vitro cell experiments, no reliable transdermal external use data.

Classification of the substance or mixture

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GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

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Precautionary statement(s)
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Other hazards which do not result in classification

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Handling and Storage

Precautions for safe handling

Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Store the container tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Store apart from foodstuff containers or incompatible materials.