O-304 (ATX-304) CAS 1261289-04-6,high purity raw power only for Research use

304 Sodium More Info

O-304 Sodium Salt is a small-molecule compound classified as a first-in-class, orally available pan-AMPK activator . With the CAS number 2639972-26-0, this sodium salt form is specifically supplied for research applications. The free base of O-304 (CAS 1261289-04-6) has a molecular formula of C16H11Cl2N3O2S and a molecular weight of 380.25 g/mol . The compound is typically provided as a high-purity white to off-white solid with purity exceeding 99% .

The primary mechanism of O-304 involves activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through suppression of pAMPK dephosphorylation . Unlike allosteric activators, O-304 increases pAMPK levels by inhibiting protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C)-mediated dephosphorylation of the critical T172 residue, thereby protecting AMPK from inactivation . Importantly, O-304 functions as a pan-AMPK activator, meaning it is effective across cells expressing various AMPK heterotrimer combinations, including β1 and β2 subunits found in human skeletal myotubes and hepatocytes . Recent studies have also identified that O-304 possesses a mitochondrial uncoupling effect, indicating a dual mechanism of AMPK activation .

Preclinical research has demonstrated multiple pharmacological effects of O-304 across several biological systems. In diabetic mouse models, O-304 stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and heart, improved hyperglycemia, and reduced insulin resistance . Notably, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, O-304 normalized blood glucose levels through an insulin-independent mechanism by enhancing glucose effectiveness, while in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, it prevented insulin resistance and dysglycemia . In db/db mice, O-304 dose-dependently averted hyperglycemia and improved insulin sensitivity . Additionally, O-304 has shown protective effects against cellular senescence and age-related renal fibrosis in aging mouse models, promoting autophagy and preserving mitochondrial homeostasis .

Beyond metabolic applications, O-304 has been investigated for cardiovascular and renal protective effects. Studies have demonstrated that O-304 improves cardiac function, increases stroke volume and cardiac output, and reduces blood pressure in animal models . The compound has also been shown to improve peripheral microvascular perfusion and exert anti-hyperalgesic and analgesic effects . Importantly, O-304 has advanced to a Phase IIa proof-of-concept clinical trial in type 2 diabetes patients, where it was well tolerated and reduced fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance, demonstrating translational potential from animal models to human subjects .

O-304 Sodium Salt is supplied exclusively as a research-use-only compound and should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool and dry environment. Powder form is stable for up to 3 years at -20°C and 2 years at 4°C . The compound is soluble in DMSO (up to 45 mg/mL or 118 mM) and is insoluble in water and . Material is commonly available in research quantities ranging from milligrams to grams, with packaging options including standard vials and bulk quantities.

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