Lecithins

758.06

757.562134

232-307-2

DTXSID3021279

Color is nearly white when freshly made, but rapidly becomes yellow to brown in air|Light-brown to brown, viscous semiliquid|Waxy mass when the acid value is about 20; pourable, thick fluid when the acid value is around 30

2923200000

121.00000

10.90

Pale Brown to Yellow solution

1.0305 g/cm³ @ Temp: 24 °C

236.1ºC

57 °C

H2O: negligible soluble ;chloroform: 0.1 g/mL, slightly hazy, slightly yellow to deep orange

2-8°C

LD50 oral in rat: > 8mL/kg

Odorless or slight nutlike odor; faint fatty odor

Bland

Iodine value: 95|Saponification value: 196|Swells up in water and in sodium chloride (saline) solution forming a colloidal suspension|Formula: CH2(R)CH(R')CH2OPO(OH)O(CH2)2N(OH).(CH3)3, R and R' being fatty acid groups

III

3

UN 2810 6.1/PG 2

3

11-48/20/22-40-38-22-36/37/38-46-45-48/20/21/22-36/38-20/22-63-67-65-62-51/53-48/20

7-16-24/25-36/37-45-36/37/39-26-53-62-61-22

OG7565000

T,Xn,F,N

Stable, but light, heat, moisture and air-sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P201-P261-P304 + P340 + P312-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313-P403 + P233

H302-H315-H319-H331-H336-H351-H361d-H372

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents

Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Safety Assessment of Lecithin and Other Phosphoglycerides as Used in Cosmetics: Final Report (April 7, 2015)[Available from, as of June 17, 2016: http://www.cir-safety.org/]|USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients (August 2004). Licithins is included on the list.[Available from, as of June 17, 2016: https://archive.epa.gov/]

Not Classified

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.|Precautions for safe handling: Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.|Appropriate engineering controls: General industrial hygiene practice.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lecithins forms a waxy mass when the acid value is about 20; pourable, thick fluid when the acid value is around 30. It is an edible and digestible surfactant and emulsifier of natural origin. Used in margarine, chocolate and in the food industry in general. In addition, it is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It has many other industrial uses, including treating leather and textiles. It is also used as experimental medication. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In clinical irritation studies, cosmetic formulations containing 0.3% or 3% lecithin 65% (solution of 65% lecithin), a soap containing 0.83% lecithin powder (tested at 0.5%), and lecithin liposomes were generally non-irritating. Barely perceptible erythema was the most severe reaction observed. Hydrogenated lecithin also was not an irritant, and hydrogenated lecithin (15% in petrolatum) was not a sensitizer. Additionally, a tanning oil containing 3% lecithin 65%, a mascara containing 0.1% lecithin 65%, and a foundation containing 0.3% lecithin 65% were non-sensitizing. Administration to human subjects of lecithin in daily doses varying from 22 to 83 g for two to four months to improve working capacity was not accompanied by any untoward reactions. However, lecithin contaminated by soy proteins and used as an excipient in drugs can cause reactions in patients with soy allergy. A foundation containing 0.3% lecithin 65% (solution of 65% lecithin) was not a photosensitizer in human subjects. ANIMAL STUDIES: In single-insult occlusive patch tests (rabbits), lecithin 65% (solution of 65% lecithin) was minimally irritating, products containing 3% lecithin 65% were practically non- to mildly irritating, and a product containing 2.25% lecithin 65% was non-irritating to the skin of rabbits. In a guinea pig immersion study, 0.5% of a soap containing 0.83% lecithin powder was practically non-irritating. Lecithin 65% (solution of 65% lecithin) and products containing 2.25% or 3.0% Lecithin 65% were non- to minimally irritating to unrinsed rabbit eyes. A soap containing 0.83% lecithin powder (tested at 25%) was moderately irritating, and lecithin-containing liposomes were practically nonirritating in a Draize test. After exposing mice to aerosolized lecithin 4 hr/day for 2 days, lungs showed focal endothelial cell swelling and interstitial edema. Mice were fed 5 to 10 mg lecithin mixed with sugar (for palatability), and a second group was fed lecithin (5 to 10 mg) and cholesterol (4 to 5 mg). The mice were bred and their offspring dosed following the same procedures; dosing continued until all mice became moribund or had died. A control group was given laboratory feed ad libitum. The total number of mice fed lecithin, lecithin and cholesterol, or control feed was 166, 212, and 360, respectively. Animals were killed and brain necropsies performed. Brain nerve cell tumors were found in 18 of 73 examined animals fed lecithin and in 27 of 88 examined animals fed lecithin and cholesterol, whereas, no brain nerve cell tumors were found in 188 control animals.

Lecithins are found in all living organisms and are a major constituent of nervous tissue and brain substance(1).

Lecithins' production and use as an edible and digestible surfactant and emulsifier used in margarine, chocolate and the food industry, in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics(1,2), printing inks, soaps, animal feeds, blending agent in oils and resins(2), in many other industries including petroleum industry (drilling, leaded gasoline)(2), treating leather and textiles and administration as a lipotropic(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 8 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of lecithins in the United States may be as low as 25 workers and as high as 99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

Surface-Active Agents|/EXPL THER/ Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide commonly found in aquatic environments that has been found to reduce thermal tolerance of fish. Lipotropes such as the food additive, Lecithin has been shown to improve thermal tolerance in fish species. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of lipotropes (lecithin) for enhancing the thermal tolerance of Chanos chanos reared under sublethal low dose endosulfan-induced stress. Two hundred and twenty-five fish were distributed randomly into five treatments, each with three replicates. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were prepared with graded levels of lecithin: normal water and fed with control diet (En0/L0), endosulfan-treated water and fed with control diet (En/L0), endosulfan-treated water and fed with 1% (En/L1%), 1.5% (En/L 1.5%) and 2% (En/L 2%) lecithin supplemented feed. The endosulfan in treated water was maintained at the level of 1/40th of LC50 (0.52ppb). At the end of the five weeks, critical temperature maxima (CTmax), lethal temperature maxima (LTmax), critical temperature minima (CTmin) and lethal temperature minima (LTmin) were Determined. There was a significant (P<0.01) effect of dietary lecithin on temperature tolerance (CTmax, LTmax, CTmin and LTmin) of the groups fed with 1, 1.5 and 2% lecithin-supplemented diet compared to control and endosulfan-exposed groups. Positive correlations were observed between CT max and LTmax (R(2)=0.934) as well as between CTmin and LTmin (R(2)=0.9313). At the end of the thermal tolerance study, endosulfan-induced changes in cellular stress enzymes (Catalase, SOD and GST in liver and gill and neurotansmitter enzyme, brain AChE) were significantly (p<0.01) improved by dietary lecithin. We herein report the role of lecithin in enhancing the thermal tolerance and protection against cellular stress in fish exposed to an organochlorine pesticide.|/EXPL THER/ Suitability of liquid lecithin (i.e., solution of lecithin in soy bean oil with ~60% w/w of phospholipids) for formation of gels, upon addition of water solution of poloxamer 407, was investigated, and formulated systems were evaluated as carriers for percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen. Formulation study of pseudo-ternary system liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407/water at constant liquid lecithin/poloxamer 407 mass ratio (2.0) revealed that minimum concentrations of liquid lecithin and poloxamer 407 required for formation of gel like systems were 15.75% w/w and 13.13% w/w, respectively, while the maximum content of water was 60.62% w/w. The systems comprising water concentrations in a range from 55 to 60.62% w/w were soft semisolids suitable for topical application, and they were selected for physicochemical and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Analysis of conductivity results and light microscopy examination revealed that investigated systems were water dilutable dispersions of spherical oligolamellar associates of phospholipids and triglyceride molecules in the copolymer water solution. Rheological behavior evaluation results indicated that the investigated gels were thermosensitive shear thinning systems. Ibuprofen (5% w/w) was incorporated by dispersing into the previously prepared carriers. Drug-loaded systems were physically stable at storage temperature from 5 +/- 3 °C to 40 +/- 2 °C, for 30 days. In vitro ibuprofen release was in accordance with the Higuchi model (rH>0.95) and sustained for 12 hr. The obtained results implicated that formulated LLPBGs, optimized regarding drug release and organoleptic properties, represent promising carriers for sustained percutaneous drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs.|/EXPL THER/ Some dietary factors could inhibit lead toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary compounds rich in unsaturated fatty acids (FA) on blood lead level, lipid metabolism, and vascular reactivity in rats. Serum metallothionein and organs' lead level were evaluated with the aim of assessing the possible mechanism of unsaturated FA impact on blood lead level. For three months, male Wistar rats that were receiving drinking water with (100 ppm Pb) or without lead acetate were supplemented per os daily with virgin olive oil or linseed oil (0.2 mL/kg b.w.) or egg derived lecithin fraction: "super lecithin" (50 g/kg b.w.). Mesenteric artery was stimulated ex vivo by norepinephrine (NE) administered at six different doses. Lecithin supplementation slightly reduced pressor responses of artery to NE. Lead administered to rats attenuated the beneficial effect of unsaturated FA on lipid metabolism and vascular reactivity to adrenergic stimulation. On the other hand, the super lecithin and linseed oil that were characterized by low omega-6 to omega-3 ratio (about 1) reduced the blood lead concentration. This effect was observed in lead poisoned rats (p < 0.0001) and also in rats nonpoisoned with lead (p < 0.05).|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for LECITHINS (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In clinical irritation studies, cosmetic formulations containing 0.3% or 3% lecithin 65% (solution of 65% lecithin), a soap containing 0.83% lecithin powder (tested at 0.5%), and lecithin liposomes were generally non-irritating. Barely perceptible erythema was the most severe reaction observed. Hydrogenated lecithin also was not an irritant, and hydrogenated lecithin (15% in petrolatum) was not a sensitizer. Additionally, a tanning oil containing 3% lecithin 65%, a mascara containing 0.1% lecithin 65%, and a foundation containing 0.3% lecithin 65% were non-sensitizing.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Administration to human subjects of lecithin in daily doses varying from 22 to 83 g for two to four months to improve working capacity was not accompanied by any untoward reactions.|/CASE REPORTS/ Soybean allergy is one of the most common food allergies especially among children. The Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA) in the US requires the labeling of soy lecithin because it is derived from soybeans and may contain a number of IgE-binding proteins, possibly representing a source of hidden allergens. Here we describe a pediatric case of soy allergy misunderstood as drug allergy. An 11-year-old Caucasian girl was referred to our Allergy Unit because of the delayed appearance of an itching papular rash at the site of an injection of benzathine benzylpenicillin delivered by prefilled syringe. A skin test with benzathine benzylpenicillin and detection of serum-specific IgE to penicilloyl V, penicilloyl G, ampicillin and amoxicillin were negative. From her past medical history we know that, at the age of three years, she presented with edema of the lips and difficulty in breathing after eating a soy ice-cream. For that reason, she underwent a skin prick test with soybean that was negative and a serum-specific IgE to soybean test that was weakly positive (0.21 KU/L). She underwent an oral provocation test with soy milk that yielded a positive result. ... This case shows that lecithin contaminated by soy proteins and used as an excipient in drugs can cause reactions in patients with soy allergy. For that reason, the source of lecithin should always be specified among the constituents of drugs to avoid a source of hidden allergens and difficulties in the allergy work-up.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ A foundation containing 0.3% lecithin 65% (solution of 65% lecithin) was not a photosensitizer in human subjects. The subjects were exposed for 1 minute to aUV light source (360 nm peak output), at a distance of 12 inches, after removal of the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th induction patches and challenge patches. Photosensitization reactions were determined 48 hr after exposure. Lecithin and hydrogenated lecithin (both at 15% in petrolatum) were not phototoxic or photosensitizing in human subjects. On days 1, 4, and 7, of induction, patches were removed and test sites were irradiated with a dose of 3 MED of UVA. A 4th induction patch was also applied, followed by irradiation of the test site. Challenge patch sites were exposed to a dose of 9.5 MED and 0.5 MED of simulated solar light (UVA and UVB).

Grade: Technical, unbleached, bleached; fluid; plastic; edible; FCC /Food Chemicals Codex/, 96+% for biochemical or chromatographic standards.

Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing|Lecithins: ACTIVE|The lecithins are mixtures of diglycerides of fatty acids linked to the choline ester of phosphoric acid. The lecithins are classed as phosphoglycerides or phosphatides (phospholipids).|The plural term lecithins refers to emulsifying agents, such as soybean preparations (soy lecithin contains 18-20% phosphatidylcholine).|Commercial grades of natural lecithin are reported to contain a potent vasodepressor substance.|Commercial lecithin is a mixture of acetone-insoluble phosphatides. FCC /Food Chemicals Codex/ specifies not less than 50% acetone-insoluble matter (phosphatides).|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for LECITHINS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A rapid, sensitive and selective method by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was employed for the determination of lecithin in a cosmetic raw material for quality control of the product formulation. The mixture of the phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol in lecithin was separated using aqueous methanol-acetonitrile solvent with a reversed-phase LC column, and detected as forms of pseudomolecular ions. Using this LC-MS technique, simultaneous separation and detection of phospholipid classes and molecular species within each class were achieved for the first time. Additionally informative fragmentation patterns were obtained by employing LC/ESI-MS/MS in both positive and negative ionization modes to identify these fatty acid chains and polar head groups in each molecular species of the phospholipids.|Lecithin can be determined by using phospholipase D, which catalyzes its hydrolytic cleavage to form choline. The choline generated is subsequently measured as Reinecke salt. The method of choice, however, involves the use of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus and of alkaline phosphatase to hydrolyze lecithin ... followed by heat inactivation of alkaline phosphatase and determination of choline.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Surfactants|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food Additives -> ANTIOXIDANT; EMULSIFIER; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Antistatic; Emollient; Emulsifying; Skin conditioning

Food Additives -> ANTIOXIDANT; EMULSIFIER;