Piperazine, hydrochloride (1:2)

159.06

158.03800

205-551-2

17VU4Z4W88

DTXSID4047096

CREAM COLORED CRYSTALLINE POWDER|WHITE NEEDLES|White to creamy colored needles or powder.

2933599550

24.1

1.44080

Piperazine dihydrochloride appears as white to cream-colored needles or powder. Mp: 318-20°C (with decomposition).

1.3011 (rough estimate)

310 °C

262.01°C (rough estimate)

49.7ºC

1.6300 (estimate)

41%

Combustible Solid, but does not ignite easily.

SLIGHTLY HYGROSCOPIC|82-83 °C /Monohydrate/

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water Water-soluble

Salts, Acidic

This compound is incompatible with the following: Water, HEAT, flames, oxidizers. It absorbs moisture from air. It may create flammable condition upon contact with HEAT, FLAMES and OXIDIZERS.

Combustible Solid, but does not ignite easily.

Ⅲ

2811

36/37/38-42/43

22-26-36/37

TL4025000

Xn

Stability of piperazine can be accomplished by use of its simple salts, /including hydrochloride/, which are more stable than the piperazine base.

P261-P280-P284-P304 + P340-P305 + P351 + P338-P342 + P311

H315-H317-H319-H334-H361fd-H412

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Water [Note: Slightly hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air)].

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

|Danger|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P281, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P362, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 41 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P281, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P314, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P362, P363, P405, and P501|Warning|H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, and P362

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.|Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]|(See protection codes)

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and othersources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /Piperazine/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Piperazine/|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.|Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m.

IN ISOLATED FROG & RABBIT HEARTS PIPERAZINE PRODUCED BIPHASIC EFFECT WITH INITIAL NEG INOTROPIC ACTION FOLLOWED BY POS INOTROPIC ACTION. FORMER PHASE WAS ANTAGONIZED BY ATROPINE, HEXAMETHONIUM & DIGOXIN. DIRECT ACTION ON THE HEART IS SUGGESTED. /PIPERAZINE HYDROGEN CHLORIDE/

LD50 Rat oral 4,900 mg/kg

Antinematodal Agents|MEDICATION (VET): HIGHLY EFFECTIVE AS ANTHELMINTIC FOR REMOVAL OF LARGE ROUNDWORMS, ASCARIDS, FROM POULTRY AND SWINE NODULAR WORMS (OESOPHAGOSTOMUM SPP) FROM SWINE, SHEEP AND CATTLE; AND PINWORMS AND SMALL STRONGYLES IN HORSES.|CLINICALLY, THE DRUG IS HIGHLY EFFECTIVE AGAINST BOTH ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES & ENTEROBIUS (OXYURIS) VERMICULARIS. A LARGE NUMBER OF SUBSTITUTED PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES EXHIBIT ANTIHELMINTIC ACTIVITY, BUT APART FROM DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE NONE HAS FOUND A PLACE IN HUMAN THERAPEUTICS.|PIPERAZINE PREPN ARE ALWAYS GIVEN ORALLY. PRIOR FASTING OR SUMPPLEMENTARY TREATMENT WITH CATHARTICS OR ENEMAS IS UNECESSARY.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for PIPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

VET: VAPORS & SKIN OR EYE CONTACT WITH CONCN MATERIAL MUST BE AVOIDED.|Adequate and well-controlled studies in humans have not been done. Piperazine has been used without apparent adverse effects during pregnancy. In three cases of first trimester exposures to piperazine by pregnant women, no malformations were seen in the fetuses. However, because a study showed that orally administered piperazine undergoes partial conversion to a potentially carcinogenic nitrosamine derivative, it is recommended that piperazine be given to pregnant women only if clearly indicated and then only if alternative drugs are not available.|PIPERAZINE IS CONTRAINDICATED IN PATIENTS A WITH HISTORY OF EPILEPSY. NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS HAVE OCCURRED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH RENAL DYSFUNCTION BECAUSE URINARY EXCRETION IS MAIN ROUTE OF ELIMINATION OF THE DRUG.|There has been a report of cross-reactivity between piperazine and ethylenediamine, a substance used as a stabilizer in topical creams. Piperazine can cause a contact allergy that could be life-threatening in a person who has been sensitized to ethylenediamine either by topical application or by occupational exposure. Although rare, adverse dermatologic problems also may occur due to the cross-sensitivity of these two medications.|It is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency or epilepsy. /Piperazine citrate/

2= SLIGHTLY TOXIC; PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 5-15 G/KG, BETWEEN 1 PINT & 1 QT FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice. (See all compounds classified as Antinematodal Agents.)

NOT ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN IN ACUTE TOXIC AMT.

PIPERAZINE IS PARTLY METABOLIZED IN AN UNKNOWN MANNER IN MAN, SINCE ONLY 15% OF 2 G DOSES ARE EXCRETED UNCHANGED. /PIPERAZINE/

ANTHELMINTIC ACTION IS BY NARCOTIZING AND IMMOBILIZING INTERNAL PARASITES.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; skin burns, sensitization; asthma; gastrointestinal upset, headache, nausea, vomiting, incoordination, muscle weakness Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

... SIDE EFFECTS ... INCL HEADACHES, NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, LETHARGY, TREMOR, INCOORDINATION, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS ... & VAGUE OCULAR DISTURBANCES. /PIPERAZINE SALTS/|LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, DYSARTHRIA, APRAXIA, CLONIC SPASMS, TREMOR, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, DROPPING OF OBJECTS, INABILITY TO THINK CLEARLY &/OR HALLUCINATIONS SEEN IN 35 YR OLD PT WITH TERMINAL RENAL FAILURE TAKING 30 MG PIPERAZINE HEXAHYDRATE/KG BODY WT/DAY FOR 10 DAYS. /PIPERAZINE HEXAHYDRATE/|SEVERE ILLNESS OCCURRED IN A 25 YR OLD WOMAN AFTER ADMIN OF PIPERAZINE ON 2 SEPARATE OCCASIONS. EVIDENCE FAVORS A HYPERSENSITIVITY MECHANISM RATHER THAN A DIRECT TOXIC EFFECT OF DRUG OR ITS METABOLITES. /PIPERAZINE/|ACUTE HUMAN EXPOSURES HAVE RESULTED IN MILD TO MODERATE SKIN BURNS & SENSITIZATION. MILD TO MODERATE ASTHMA HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH INHALATION OF DUST.

1,4 Diazacyclohexane

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; skin burns, sensitization; asthma; gastrointestinal upset, headache, nausea, vomiting, incoordination, muscle weak

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

ESSENTIALLY 100% FOR ANTHELMINTIC USE (1976)

PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE 53% BASE /IS/ POPULAR IN DRY FEED OR DRINKING WATER /ANTHELMINTIC/ MEDICATION.|PIPERTAB 2: COMPOSITION: EACH TABLET CONTAINS: PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE EQUIVALENT TO 50 MG PIPERAZINE BASE. ... AVAILABLE IN 500 TABLET BOTTLES. PIPERTAB 10: COMPOSITION: EACH TABLET CONTAINS: PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE EQUIVALENT TO 250 MG PIPERAZINE BASE.|52% piperazine base grades

Piperazine, hydrochloride (1:2): ACTIVE|INTRODUCED IN 1956 BY THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY AS A LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY ANTHELMINTIC.

COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD APPLICABLE TO AQ SOLN; 38.213. NEAR-INFRARED METHOD FOR POWDERS & SYRUPS; & 42.130. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD USED TO DETERMINE AMT OF PIPERAZINE SALTS IN ANIMAL FEED.|RESULTS OF PROPOSED METHOD AGREE WITH THOSE OF OFFICIAL METHODS WITHIN 1.0% FOR PIPERAZINE & ITS SALTS & 2.0% FOR FORMULATIONS. METHOD IS RAPID, PRECISE & REPRODUCIBLE.

PROCEDURES FOR COLORIMETRIC DETECTION OF PIPERAZINE IN SERUM, URINE, LIVER, & ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES ARE DESCRIBED. /PIPERAZINE/