Ammonium bromide

97.94

97.94

235-183-8

R0JB3224WS

DTXSID8035681

White tetragonal crystals|White crystals or granules|Colorless crystals or yellowish white powder

2827590000

3.24000

1.28200

White Powder/Solid

2.429 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

452 °C(lit.)

235 °C

Index of refraction: 1.712 at 25 °C

H2O: 97 g/100 mL (25 ºC)

Store at RT.

1 mm Hg ( 198.3 °C)

Oral-rat LD50: 2700 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 2860 mg/kg

High temperature produces toxic nitrogen oxides and bromide fumes

Odorless

Pungent, saline taste

Slightly acid to litmus

Hygroscopic|Slightly hygroscopic|Slowly becomes yellowish in air; sublimes at high temperature without melting|Incompatibilities: acids, acid salts, spirit nitrous ether, alkaloids; salts of lead, mercury, silver

Water soluble

Salts, Acidic

Bromine trifluoride reacts explosively with AMMONIUM BROMIDE [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:165 1956].

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

NONH for all modes of transport

2

22-36/37/38-36

22-24/25

BO9155000

Xn,Xi

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from BRF3, IF4 and K

Stable. Incompatible with acids, bromine trifluoride, bromine trichloride, most common metals.

P305 + P351 + P338

H319

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Waste treatment methods. Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases, heavy metals, silver salts, potassium.|Bromine trifluoride reacts explosively with the following: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, ammonium iodide.|Iodine heptafluoride reacts violently with ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, or ammonium iodide.|A mixture of potassium and any of the following compounds produces a weak explosion on impact: ammonium bromide, ammonium iodide, cadmium fluoride, chromium trifluoride, manganous bromide, manganous chloride, nickel fluoride, potassium chlorocuprate, silver chloride, silver iodide, strontium iodide, thallous chloride, and zinc fluoride.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Material decomposes into N 2 and HBr or Br 2 under extreme temperatures. (USCG, 1999)

|Warning|H315 (11.67%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 637 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

In fire conditions wear self-contained breathing apparatus, wear goggles if eye protection not provided. (USCG, 1999)|Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator.For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen bromide gas.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Skin Irritation: rabbit, nonirritating|Eye Irritation: Rabbit, Slightly irritating

moderately

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ammonium bromide exists as white crystals or granules. It is used in process engraving and lithography, fireproofing of wood, and as a corrosion inhibitor. Bromide- containing medications is a prominent former use. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The warning symptoms of bromide intoxication, bromism, include mental dullness, slurred speech, weakened memory, apathy, anorexia, constipation, drowsiness and loss of sensitivity to touch and pain. These symptoms disappear on discontinuing the drug, but continued use leads to more serious symptoms including restlessness, disorientation, ocular disturbances, ataxia, hallucinations, delirium, stupor and coma. Bromide rash, of an acneform, nodular, or sometimes erythematous type, is of fairly common occurrence but may be absent even in patients who have developed severe mental symptoms. Transplacental bromism had been described in the literature. ANIMAL STUDIES: Ammonium bromide was not irritating to skin, but slightly irritating to eyes in rabbits. Ames test conducted in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535,TA100,TA1538,TA98,TA1537 with and without metabolic activation was negative.

A blood bromide concentration of 1 g (12.5 mmol) per liter is often regarded as the minimum intoxication level, though toxic symptoms may occur at lower concentrations, 2g/L produces toxic symptoms in most cases and 3 g/L is dangerous to life.

LD50 Rat oral 2714 mg/kg bw

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of ammonium bromide is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 16,770 workers (3,784 of these were female) were potentially exposed to ammonium bromide in the US(1).

The use of bromides in medicine dates back to the beginning of the 19th century. The salts were used in neurological and mental diseases, particularly in epilepsy, up until their partial replacement by phenobarbital and ultimate displacement by dilantin. This article reviews the analytical methodology as it developed historically, and traces the application of chemical analysis of body fluids to monitoring for bromide toxicity (bromism) and then to investigation of the blood-brain barrier in various disorders of the central nervous system. /Bromide salts/|Bromides (including ammonium bromide) have been widely used for their sedative and anticonvulsant effects but, because the blood concentration necessary to produce a therapeutic effect is usually close to that at which toxic effects become evident, they have been replaced by other agents. /Former Use/

Food and Environmental Agents: Effect on Breast-Feeding: Bromide (photographic laboratory): Potential absorption and bromide transfer into milk. /from Table 7/|Maternal Medication Usually Compatible with Breast-Feeding: Bromide: Rash, weakness, absence of cry with maternal intake of 5.4 g/d. /from Table 6/|Studies in breastfeeding mothers have demonstrated that there is significant and documented risk to the infant based on human experience, or it is a medication that has a high risk of causing significant damage to an infant. The risk of using the drug in breastfeeding women clearly outweighs any possible benefit from breastfeeding. The drug is contraindicated in women who are breastfeeding an infant. /Bromides; from table/

A blood bromide concentration of 1 g (12.5 mmol) per liter is often regarded as the minimum intoxication level, though toxic symptoms may occur at lower concentrations, 2g/L produces toxic symptoms in most cases and 3 g/L is dangerous to life.

The biological half-life of bromide ions in human blood was studied in 10 human healthy volunteers. Br(82) labelled ammonium bromide was given orally as a water solution. The biological half-life of bromide ions was found to be about 12 days. The bromide ratio red blood cells/serum was found to be about 0.45. No bromide was found to be incorporated in fat, extracted from plasma and hemolyzed blood cells by ether. Nor was any bromide found to be incorporated in blood proteins.|The excretion of bromide by the urine was studied in 13 healthy voluteers who were given Br(82) ammonium bromide orally as water solution. Urine samples were collected every 2 hr approx. for 5 days. Blood and saliva bromide levels were also measured in 6 of the subjects. The biological half life of bromide was equal in blood, urine and saliva, about 12 days. Nearly all of the labelled bromide administered was found to be excreted in the urine. The mean concentration of labeled bromide in urine and saliva was about equal and 150% of the blood level. The excretion of bromide varied during the day - there was hardly any found in urine during sleep.|The concentration of Br-82 (in the form of NH4-82-Br containing 12 mg. bromine/mCi) in the thyroid, muscle and blood was studied in rats. The animals were injected ip with 30 uCi 82- Br in 2 mL 0.9% NaCl solution. Results of the study indicated that under normal conditions bromine is not concentrated by the thyroid. After stimulation by TSH there is an increased uptake by the gland. There was no evidence that bromine is metabolized further in the thyroid gland.|Single doses of an aqueous solution of Br(82)-ammonium bromide were injected into tail veins of pregnant albino mice 2 days before post-partum. The mice were sacrificed after 5 or 20 min.,1,2,4,24 or 48 hrs and the distribution of the Br(82) in the tissues of the dams and the fetuses had been studied by autoradiography. The distribution was found to be similar at the various time periods studied. The radioactivity was excreted slowly. Blood levels remained high and exceeded those recorded for most organs and tissues. Bromide gradually accumulated in the central nervous system. The level in the thyroid was relatively high but did not exceed levels in the blood. Bromide showed transplacental passage and most of the radioactive bromide was found in the bones of the fetuses, but the level was not as high as in the cartilage of the dams (which did not exceed blood levels). The following tissues accumulated bromide at higher conc. than the blood after 24 hrs: Gastric mucosa and contents, urinary bladder contents, blood-vessel walls and retina.

The biological half-life of bromide ions in human blood was studied in 10 human healthy volunteers. Br(82) labelled ammonium bromide was given orally as a water solution. The biological half-life of bromide ions was found to be about 12 days.

INHALATION: Dust irritating - disturbed behavior, sedation. EYES: Slight irritation. SKIN: Slight irritation only with repeated or prolonged contact. INGESTION: Weakness, nervousness, anorexia, confusion, hallucinations, drowsiness, irritability, ataxia, vertigo, skin rash. (USCG, 1999)

EYES AND SKIN: Flush with large amounts of water. INGESTION: Induce vomiting and call a doctor. (USCG, 1999)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Bromides (including ammonium bromide) have been widely used for their sedative and anticonvulsant effects but, because the blood concentration necessary to produce a therapeutic effect is usually close to that at which toxic effects become evident, they have been replaced by other agents. DOSE: 1 to 6 g daily in divided doses. TOXIC EFFECTS: The warning symptoms of bromide intoxication, bromism, include mental dullness, slurred speech, weakened memory, apathy, anorexia, constipation, drowsiness and loss of sensitivity to touch and pain. These symptoms disappear on discontinuing the drug, but continued use leads to more serious symptoms including restlessness, disorientation, ocular disturbances, ataxia, hallucinations, delirium, stupor and coma. Bromide rash, of an acneform, nodular, or sometimes erythematous type, is of fairly common occurance but may be absent even in patients who have developed severe mental symptoms. There is a clear evidence between blood-bromide concentration and symptoms, though individuals vary greatly. A toxic concentration can be reached very rapidly if the intake of chloride is reduced. High concentration of bromide has an irritant action on the stomach. A blood bromide concentration of 1 g (12.5 mmol) per litre is often regarded as the minimum intoxication level, though toxic symptoms may occur at lower concentrations, 2g/L produces toxic symptoms in most cases and 3 g/L is dangerous to life.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In addition to sedative and anticonvulsant effects, bromide produces a number of neuropsychiatric changes. in retrospective studies, it was found that many patients who were hospitalized in psychiatric institutions in the mid-20th century in fact had bromide intoxication.|/CASE REPORTS/ A 22-day-old girl was brought to the emergency department (ED) by her parents for excessive sleepiness and decreased oral intake over the prior 48 hours. Her birth history was unremarkable and her parents had no significant past medical history. Routine newborn exam and screens were also normal at birth. She had followup visits with a pediatrician and had been gaining weight appropriately. The parents stated that the child had some "colic" 2 weeks prior and her urine output was slightly decreased, but otherwise she had no recent illness, fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, or excessive crying. All other systems reviews were negative. Further questioning revealed that the parents had been adding Cordial de Monell, an "elixir" for colic, to each meal around the clock for about 12 days prior to the patient's current symptom onset. It was purchased locally, and is commonly used in the Dominican Republic and in the expatriate Dominican community in the US. The resident physician who was caring for this patient had a similar cultural background, was familiar with this product, and remembered it contained "bromuro de potasio." The parents later brought in the actual product, confirming potassium bromide as a listed ingredient. The New York City Poison Control Center was consulted regarding whether exposure to potassium bromide could explain this patient's presentation. ... We believe this child suffered from excess therapeutic sedative exposure due to her size, age, and repeated exposure. Bromism is not nearly as common as it once was, but several forms of bromide are still readily available. This diagnosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with sedative-hypnotic-type intoxication. Elevations in the reported serum chloride levels and a negative anion gap are helpful findings if present, but our case and others before confirm that the lack of these features do not rule out this poisoning. This case further illustrates the need for clinicians to be diligent in obtaining thorough medication, dietary, herbal supplement, social, occupational, and cultural histories from their patients. Aggressive hydration with chloride-containing solutions is the cornerstone of treatment, and in severe cases dialysis may be considered. Bromides are not gone, and bromism should not be forgotten. /Bromides/|/CASE REPORTS/ Case reports of 8 patients with positive bromide tests and symptoms of bromide intoxication are presented. The patients, who had ingested Alva Tranquil, Nervine or Bromo-Seltzer (potassium bromide, sodium citrate, and citric acid), had significant histories of alcoholism. In 1 case, ingestion of 25 Nervine tablets produced a serum bromide level of 360 mg/100 mL. Toxic signs and symptoms are usually seen when serum bromide levels exceed 80 mg/100 ml. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of brominism are presented.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BROMIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ammonium bromide

Grades: Technical; Pure; CP, NF.|/Available as/ technical photograde; -4 mesh particle size, 99.9% purity grade; 35-55% solution & 99%granular grades; dry technical, 38-45% solution grades; chemical pure, chemically very pure & ACS grades.|DR. RECKEWEG R14 QUIETA COMBINATION PRODUCT: Ammonium bromatum 3X, Avena sativa 1X, Chamomilla 4X, Coffea cruda 4X, Eschscholtzia californica 2X, Humulus lupulus 2X, Ignatia amara 6X, Passiflora incarnata 2X, Valeriana officinalis 1X, Zincum valerianicum 6X, 1 g each in 10 g.|DR. RECKEWEG R53 COMEDONIN COMBINATION PRODUCT:Ammonium bromatum 12X, Bromium 12X, Hepar sulphuris calcareum 30X, Juglans regia 30X, Kali bromatum 12X, Ledum palustre 30X, Natrum bromatum 12X, Natrum muriaticum 200X, Placenta suis 12X, Viola tricolor 12X, 1 g each in 10 g.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BROMIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Ammonium bromide ((NH4)Br): ACTIVE

A method is presented for determining ammonium bromide in pharmaceutical preparations by colorimetry in presence of sodium, potassium, & calcium.