Nonaethylene glycol p-nonylphenyl ether

616.82

616.82

604-395-6

1558

758941

DTXSID00858720

Almost colorless liquid

2909499000

103

3.38 (est)

Solid

1.044

6°C

250°C

197°C c.c.

Solubility in water: moderate

4.61X10-18 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Relative vapour density (air = 1): >1

Henry's Law constant = 5.6X10-22 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

245.8 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

Solidification point: 26 °F; pour point: 37 °F; cloud point (1% aqueous solution): 126-133 °F

P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P501

H302

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Obstetrical and Gynecological Therapeutic Devices. ... A condom with spermicidal lubricant is a sheath which completely covers the penis with a closely fitting membrane with a lubricant that contains a spermicidal agent, nonoxynol-9. This condom is used for contraceptive and prophylactic purposes.

Combustible.

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 32 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H302 (80.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 201 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Wear safety spectacles.

Combustible. NO open flames.

Use foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Ventilation.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

NO open flames.

Wear safety spectacles.

The major drawback of nonoxynol-9 is its detergent-type action on epithelial cells and the normal vaginal flora. Detergent-type spermicides alter the vaginal flora, possibly leading to an increased risk of opportunistic infections. These are known to enhance the susceptibility of the epithelium of the lower genital tract to HIV and human papillomavirus infection. N-9 can cause vaginal irritation and allergic vaginitis as well as genital irritation in male partners.

Nonoxynol-9's production and use as a spermaticide(1) and inert ingredient in specific pharmaceuticals(2) and deodorant wipes(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4300(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nonoxynol-9 is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of nonoxynol-9 from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.6X10-22 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Nonoxynol-9 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.6X10-18 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2012).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4300(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nonoxynol-9 is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.6X10-22 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 44(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.28(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2012).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), nonoxynol-9, which has a /an estimated vapor pressure of 4.6X10-18 mm Hg at 25 °C((SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase. Particulate-phase nonoxynol-9 may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nonoxynol-9 does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Nonoxynol-9 is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Nonoxynol-9 does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 44 was calculated in fish for nonoxynol-9(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.38(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of nonoxynol-9 can be estimated to be 4300(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that nonoxynol-9 is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for nonoxynol-9 is estimated as 5.6X10-22 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that nonoxynol-9 is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Nonoxynol-9's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). Nonoxynol-9 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.6X10-18 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Occupational exposure to nonoxynol-9 may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where nonoxynol-9 is produced or used. A segment of the general population can be exposed via contact with medications and consumer products containing nonoxynol-9. (SRC)

Nonoxynol 9 is a surfactant spermicide used for contraception in spermicidal creams, jellies, foams, gel, and lubricants. It is also used in conjuction with other methods of contraception, including condoms, cervical caps and diaphragms.

In January, 2003, FDA proposed new warning statements and other labeling information for these products after results from a major clinical study in Africa and Thailand showed that women using a contraceptive gel product containing N9 were not protected against HIV and other STDs and were, in fact, at higher risk for HIV infection than women using a placebo gel. Because these and other studies have shown that use of products containing N9 cause vaginal and rectal irritation that can heighten the chance of becoming infected with HIV from an infected partner, FDA believes the warning will empower consumers to make better informed decisions about the use of these products, and better protect the public health.|The FDA issued a final rule on December 18, 2007 requiring manufacturers of over-the-counter (OTC) stand-alone vaginal contraceptive and spermicidal products containing the chemical ingredient nonoxynol 9 (N9) include a warning stating that the chemical N9 does not provide protection against infection from HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) or other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Stand-alone spermicides include gels, foams, films, or inserts containing N9 that are used by themselves for contraception. Consumers can protect themselves from the transmission of STDs and HIV by practicing abstinence, being in a monogamous relationship where neither partner is infected, and using condoms consistently and correctly. FDA is issuing the rule in an effort to correct misconceptions that N9 protects against sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection.|Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) alert: This product does not protect against HIV/AIDS or other STDs and may increase the risk of getting HIV from an infected partner.|Do not use if you or your sex partner has HIV/AIDS. If you do not know if you or your sex partner is infected, choose another form of birth control.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Nonoxynol-9 (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemical substances that are destructive to spermatozoa used as topically administered vaginal contraceptives. (See all compounds classified as Spermatocidal Agents.)|Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics. (See all compounds classified as Surface-Active Agents.)

In mice intravenously injected with (14)C-Nonoxynol-9, the highest amounts of radioactivity were reported for the small and large intestines. (14)C radioactivity was excreted mainly in the urine and feces. An HPLC analysis of the urine and bile indicated that no intact Nonoxynol-9 was present in the bile or urine, and that Nonoxynol-9 was metabolized to highly polar species.|In in vitro skin penetration studies using cadaver skin (rinse off and leave-on protocols), the total skin penetration of Nonoxynol-2, -4, and -9 was less than 1 % over a period of 48 hours.|The disposition of nonoxynol-9 labeled with (14)C at the ethylene oxide units was studied following an iv or vaginal administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats. The results from the vaginal administration studies indicate 12.8% absorption of (14)C radioactivity in 6.0 hr and 37.7% in 24.0 hr. Tissue distribution studies showed that the small and large intestines, including their contents, had the highest (14)C activity by either route of administration. Radiomonitored HPLC of bile collected at 6.0 hr and urine at 6.0, 24.0, and 48.0 hr following an iv injection of (14)C nonoxynol-9 showed that the compound was completely metabolized in the body of the rat. The metabolites were primarily excreted in the feces and secondarily in the urine. Analysis of urinary metabolites containing the (14)C label, 6.0 hr following an iv dose, indicated the presence of highly polar neutral (53.27%) and acidic (39.23%) species.

Nonoxynol-9 interacts with the lipids in the membranes of the acrosome and the midpiece of the sperm. The sperm membranes are lysed; the acrosome, neck and midpiece of the spermatozoa are loosened and then detached which results in their immobilization and death.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Blood test results on samples obtained from 10 women who received intravaginal applications of Nonoxynol-9 daily for 14 consecutive days indicated no effects on either hepatic function or hematologic parameters. The only significant finding was a reduction in serum cholesterol. No evidence of alterations in hepatic function, based on blood test results for 30 women who had received intravaginal applications of a cream containing 5.0% Nonoxynol-9 daily for 14 days was observed. Vaginal mucous membrane irritation was observed in 6 of 14 women after insertion of a suppository containing 150 mg Nonoxynol-9 (hourly for 4 consecutive hours) for 14 consecutive days. The results of another study indicated that frequent use of vaginal suppositories containing Nonoxynol-9 (150 mg) may result in increased epithelial disruption. Use frequencies in the groups tested ranged from one suppository every other day for 2 weeks to four suppositories daily for 2 weeks.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Strong sensitization reactions were observed in each of the 12 contact dermatitis patients patch tested with a 2.0% aqueous solutions of Nonoxynol-9. ... Ten of the patients had used antiseptic preparations containing Nonoxynol-9. ... Follow-up studies on 32 control subjects who had never used this antiseptic preparation showed an inconsistent pattern of reactions. ...|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...Undiluted nonoxynol-9 was nonirritating and nonsensitizing in clinical studies. ... It is concluded that nonoxynol-9... /is/ safe as cosmetic ingredients.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A single dose phase I local toxicity study of the effects of frequent insertion of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on the lower genital tract was conducted. Fourteen women used 150 mg of nonoxynol-9 cumulatively four times a day for 14 days. Epithelial disruption of the cervix and vagina, occurred in 43% (95% confidence interval, 18-71%) of women on this high frequency use schedule. None of the women experienced symptoms that prompted them to discontinue the study.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Nonoxynol-9 (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Advantage S

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

Redness.

Nonoxynol-9 ... can be liquids, paste-like liquids, or waxes.

3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-Octaoxahexacosan-1-ol, 26-(nonylphenoxy)-: ACTIVE|SP - indicates a substance that is identified in a proposed Significant New Use Rule.|In the 1940s, the first surface active spermicidal agents ... /including nonoxynol-9/ ... were developed at Ortho.|Ingredient in specific deodorizing products|Ingredient in bird cage deodorizing wipes

Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Cosmetics -> Emulsifying; Surfactant