Naphthenic acids, lead salts

461.52

462.12800

263-109-4

Yellow semi-transparent paste|Soft, yellow, resinous, semitransparent

80.3

2.76760

yellow to brown resinous liquid

1.15 g/cu m

<100℃

88 °C

40°C

1.406

soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in water.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Gives deposits in highly acid oils but not when mixed with suitable quantities of cobalt or manganese

III

3

1993

10

16

QK9150000

Xi

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P314, P330, P391, P405, P501

H302

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D008, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Landfill: Bury in an approved landfill in accordance with local regulations. Do not allow to contaminate sewers or surface water.|Chemical Treatability of Lead; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Respirometer Study; Results of Study: Oxygen uptake inhibited. /Inorganic lead cmpd/|Chemical Treatability of Lead; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Synthetic Wastewater; Results of Study: No stimulation or inhibition of biological growth (study of Nitrosomonas bacteria). /Inorganic lead cmpd/

Strong oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide, acids. /Lead/

DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Lead (August 2007).[Available from, as of May 3, 2016: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.pdf]|National Toxicology Program; Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition (2014). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Lead and Lead Compounds are listed as reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. /Lead and Lead Compounds/[Available from, as of May 3, 2016: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/roc13/]

|Danger|H302 (97.67%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P314, P330, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 48 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Protective gloves. Wear safety spectacles.|Workers who are exposed to lead in any of its forms should wear personal protective equipment (PPE), which should be washed or renewed regularly. Protective clothing made of certain man-made fibers retains much less dust than cotton overalls and should be used where the conditions of work render it possible; turn ups, pleats and pockets in which lead dust may collect should be avoided. /Lead/|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Lead/|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Lead/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Lead Naphthenates (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Combustible.

Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide.|In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.|Extinguishant: Dry sand, dry dolomite, or dry graphite. /Inorganic lead/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Lead compounds, NOS/

Lead is combustible in powder form when exposed to heat or flame. /Inorganic lead/

Spillage Disposal: Personal protection: chemical protection suit and face shield. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for lead: Concentration process: Biological treatment. /Lead/|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for lead: Concentration process: Chemical precipitation. /Lead/|For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Lead Naphthenates (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Avoid exposure of (pregnant) women!|Cloakroom accommodation should be provided for ... PPE, with separate accommodation for clothing taken off during working hours. Washing accommodation, including bathing accommodation with warm water, should be provided and used. Time should be allowed for washing before eating. Arrangements should be made to prohibit eating and smoking in the vicinity of lead processes and suitable messrooms should be provided. /Lead/|1) The employer shall ensure that all personal protective devices are inspected regularly and maintained in clean and satisfactory working condition. 2) Working clothing and shoes shall not be taken home by employees. The employer shall provide for maintenance and laundering of protective clothing. 3) The employer shall ensure that precautions necessary to protect laundry personnel are taken when soiled protective clothing is laundered. /Inorganic lead compounds/|OSHA has recommended engineering controls over administrative controls and protective equipment to reduce exposures to chemicals in the workplace. The application of employee training and motivation programs (such as job safety analysis) to reduce exposures to chemicals has not been emphasized. To determine the effectiveness of such programs, a pilot project in an alkyl lead production facility was conducted with 35 employees in an effort to reduce exposures to organic and inorganic lead. Results after 12 mo showed a 40% reduction in Pb in urine and a 24% reduction in Pb in blood, both indicators of total exposure to organic and inorganic Pb. /Inorganic and alkyl lead compounds/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Lead Naphthenates (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH considers "Lead" to mean metallic lead, lead oxides, and lead salts (including organic salts such as lead soaps but excluding lead arsenate).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.050 mg/cu m /Lead/|Air concentrations should be maintained so that worker blood lead remains less than 0.06 mg Pb/100 g of whole blood. /Lead/

National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for lead and its compounds, measured as elemental lead by a reference method based on appendix G to this part, or by an equivalent method, are: 1.5 ug/cu m, maximum arithmetic mean averaged over a calendar quarter. /Lead and its compounds, as Pb/|Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Lead compounds are included on this list. /Lead compounds/

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lead naphthenate is a complex mixture of lead salts of organic acids obtained during the manufacturing of hydrocarbon distillates, principally cyclopentanoic acids. It is used as varnish drier; catalyst for reaction between unsaturated fatty acids and sulfates in presence of air; lube oil additive. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The use of lead naphthenate may result in the excessive absorption of lead by workers. ANIMAL STUDIES: Lead naphthenate had a low acute oral toxicity in rats. Repeated skin application has caused local irritation and increased testis weight in rats and kidney damage in mice. A limited study where lead naphthenate was applied repeatedly to the skin of mice has given equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity. An Ames bacterial assay gave no evidence of mutagenicity.

Antagonistic toxic effects of selenium and lead were studied in growing rats. Chronic lead intoxication was produced by cutaneous application of lead naphthenate solution (80-200 mg Pb/kg body weight) for a period of 8 weeks and chronic selenium intoxication was induced by giving 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 15 ppm selenium in drinking water. The growth rate and food consumption of rats receiving selenium in addition to lead approached normal rate while animals treated with only one of them showed hampered growth rate and lower food consumption. The enzymatic activity of d-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALA-D) in whole blood, liver and kidney and liver P-450 enzyme activity were normal in rats receiving both selenium and lead. The enzymic activities assayed were, however, depressed in the animals receiving either lead or selenium.

LD50 Rat ip 520 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 5100 mg/kg

Lead naphthenates' production and use as a paint and varnish drier, wood preservative, catalyst for reaction between unsaturated fatty acids and sulfates in the presence of air, and lube oil additive(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 147,292 workers (8,403 of these are female) are potentially exposed to lead naphthenates in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Lead naphthenates may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where lead naphthenates are produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to lead naphthenates via dermal contact with consumer products containing lead naphthenates(SRC).

The bioavailability of lead is dependent on its chemical form and its particle size as well as the matrix and the source of environmental lead. Absorption of lead from the gastrointestinal tract of Wistar rats (30-day-old) varied greatly with chemical form. ... Relative to the absorption of lead acetate taken as 100%, the absorption coefficients of lead salts were ... 64% for lead naphthenate.|/A study/ measured the urinary lead content of rats after application of a patch of linen cloth containing lead compounds (100 mg lead in petrolatum on a 2 x 6-cm cloth), under occlusive conditions, for 12 days. Total amounts of lead in urine increased from 10.8 ng in the controls to 3679.3 ng for lead naphthenate ...|/A study/ measured the degree of in-vitro penetration of tetrabutyl lead, lead naphthenate, lead nuolate, lead acetate and lead oxide, using diffusion tubes in excised guinea-pig skin and human skin from autopsy. The percentage recovery of lead in guinea-pig skin ranged from 1.3% with tetrabutyl lead, demonstrating the highest skin penetration, followed by lead naphthanate (0.45%) ...|Lead absorption among workers in an aluminum forging facility (SIC-3463) was assessed. The dies were sprayed with a mold release agent containing lead-naphthenate prior to forging. No respiratory protection was used by the workers, and there was no local exhaust ventilation in the forging areas. Personal air samples were taken to determine the breathing zone exposure of the workers. A total of 28 air samples were collected in the press areas where the dies were sprayed and forged. Two control samples were taken in an adjacent work space where the lead-naphthenate was not used. Blood samples from 144 workers were analyzed for lead and zinc-protoporphyrin levels approximately 1 month after use of the lead containing mold release agent had ceased. The amount of lead in the press room air ranged from 12 to 430 ug/cu m with a mean concentration of 96 ug/cu m. The two breathing zone samples taken from the adjacent work area had lead concentrations of 13 ug/cu m and 28 ug/cu m. The mean blood lead concentration of workers employed full time in the press area was 63 ug/mL as compared to mean concentrations of 44 ug/mL and 17 ug/mL for workers who worked part time in the press area and workers who did not work in the press area, respectively. Zinc-protoporphyrin levels were 265 ug/mL and 72 ug/mL for full time and part time workers in the press area and 26 ug/mL for workers at other sites. The authors conclude that the use of lead-naphthenate may result in the excessive absorption of lead by workers.|Male Sprague-Dawley-rats were exposed to ... a high pressure grease containing 4 percent lead-naphthenate. The test materials were dermally applied to the rats as a single dose or as five consecutive daily doses at 944 and 548 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Only two of five rats treated with lead-naphthenate had detectable lead levels in their blood and these did not appear to be significantly different than the levels found in untreated controls, 22.9 versus 14.7 micrograms lead per 100 milliliters. ... These results indicated that the dermal absorption of lead ... naphthenates in rats was minimal. ...

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Lead and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Lead and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Moderate hyperventilation (20 respirations per minute) may be beneficial for increased intracranial pressure. Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Lead and related compounds/|Treatment: Emergency and supportive measures: Treat seizures and coma if they occur. Provide adequate fluids to maintain urine flow (optimally 1-2 mL/kg/hr) but avoid overhydration, which may aggravate cerebral edema. Avoid phenothiazines for delirium, as they may lower the seizure threshold. Patients with increased intracranial pressure may benefit from corticosteroids ... and mannitol ... .|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Lead Naphthenates (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Lead naphthenate is added to oils and greases in order to increase their resistance to high pressures. ... An investigation was performed on technicians regularly dealing with these lubricants in order to explore to what extent they had absorbed the lead naphthenate. The degree of absorption was evaluated by measuring the lead content of the blood and the delta-aminolevulinic acid concentration in the urine. Individual results did not permit clearcut conclusions whether an increase in lead absorption had occured or not. Therefore the group of technicians was compared with a group without any occupational contact with lead-containing lubricants but otherwise comparable in occupational and general exposure to lead. To test the significance of the difference between the means of the samples a one-sided t test not assuming equal standard deviations for both populations was used. For any of two compared populations the t test was repeated after rejection of the larger values which were 2*5 standard deviations from the mean value in the exposed population. It appeared that the lead concentration in the blood and the delta-aminolevulinic acid concentration in the urine of people exposed to lead naphthenate-containing lubricants were significantly higher than those concentrations observed in non-exposed persons.|/BIOMONITORING/ Lead absorption among workers in an aluminum forging facility (SIC-3463) was assessed. The dies were sprayed with a mold release agent containing lead-naphthenate prior to forging. No respiratory protection was used by the workers, and there was no local exhaust ventilation in the forging areas. Personal air samples were taken to determine the breathing zone exposure of the workers. A total of 28 air samples were collected in the press areas where the dies were sprayed and forged. Two control samples were taken in an adjacent work space where the lead-naphthenate was not used. Blood samples from 144 workers were analyzed for lead and zinc-protoporphyrin levels approximately 1 month after use of the lead containing mold release agent had ceased. The amount of lead in the press room air ranged from 12 to 430 ug/cu m with a mean concentration of 96 ug/cu m. The two breathing zone samples taken from the adjacent work area had lead concentrations of 13 ug/cu m and 28 ug/cu m. The mean blood lead concentration of workers employed full time in the press area was 63 ug/mL as compared to mean concentrations of 44 ug/mL and 17 ug/mL for workers who worked part time in the press area and workers who did not work in the press area, respectively. Zinc-protoporphyrin levels were 265 ug/mL and 72 ug/mL for full time and part time workers in the press area and 26 ug/mL for workers at other sites. The /study/ conclude that the use of lead-naphthenate may result in the excessive absorption of lead by workers.

cobalt naphthenate

Grade: Liquid 16%, 24% lead, solid 37% lead.|Lead naphthenate avail in the US contains 24% lead and 67% max nonvolatile matter or 16% lead and 60% max nonvolatile matter. /Lead naphthenate, CAS 50825-29-1/

Naphthenic acids, lead salts: ACTIVE|/NAPHTHENIC ACIDS/ ARE USED PRINCIPALLY IN PREPN OF PAINT DRIERS, WHERE THE METALLIC SALTS, SUCH AS LEAD...ACT AS OXIDIZING AGENTS. /NAPHTHENIC ACIDS/