Profluralin

347.29

347.29

247-656-6

36W2L722UX

DTXSID2044559

Yellow-orange crystals

2921430034

94.9

5.58

Liquid

1.38 at 20 deg C

33-36 °C

393.3±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg

191.7±27.9 °C

1.559

In water = 0.1 mg/L at 20 deg C

-20°C

6.3X10-5 mm Hg at 20 deg C

NO APPRECIABLE ODOR

Henry's Law constant = 2.9X10-4 atm cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Decomposition temp approx 180 °C|Specific gravity: 1.45 at 25 °C /Technical/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

NON-CORROSIVE

UN30779/PG3

36-50/53

60-61

XU5785000

Xi,N

DECOMP BY UV IRRADIATION

P273-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

H319-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Disposal of material, spill residues, wash water and containers must be by methods consistent with local, state and federal health and environmental regulations.

|Warning|H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, and P501|H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 197 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: This material should be handled in a well ventilated area. Where adequate ventilation is not available and exposure to excessive mist could occur, wear /an/ ... approved pesticide respirator (Tolban 4E)|PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Skin contact with the product should be prevented through the use of rubber gloves and clothing consistent with good pesticide handling practice. Eye contact with the product should be avoided through the use of chemical safety glasses or goggles (Tolban 4E)

FIRE AND EXPLOSION INFORMATION GENERAL: Flash point 104 plus or minus 3 F (Tolban 4E). As in any fire, prevent human exposure to fire, smoke, fumes or products of combustion. Evacuate nonessential personnel from the area. Firefighters should wear impervious clothing such as gloves, hoods, suits and rubber boots. Use of contaminated buildings, area and equipment must be prevented until they are properly decontaminated (Tolban 4E).|EXTINGUISHER TYPE: Use standard chemical firefighting techniques in extinguishing fires involving this material - use dry chemcals, foam or carbon dioxide (Tolban 4E)

Make sure all personnel invovled in spill cleanup follow good industrial hygiene practices. Small spills can be handled routinely. Cover the spill with an absorbent material such as vermiculite, lime, or sawdust to prevent dust. Sweep up the material and place in an appropriate chemical waste container. Seal container and dispose of in an approved landfill. Wash the spill area with a saturated solution of sodium carbonate and a strong detergent. Flush the spill area with water to remove any residue.

For several good reasons, all of the herbicides mentioned in this chapter /including profluralin/ should be handled and applied only with full attention to safety measures that minimize personal contact. Many formulations contain adjuvants (stabilizers, penetrants, surfactants) that may have significant irritating and toxic effects. A number of premixed formulations contain two or more active ingredients; the companion pesticides may be more toxic than the principal herbicide. Good hygienic practice should not be disregarded just because a pesticide is reported to have a high LD50 in laboratory rodents.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Eating, drinking, and smoking should be prevented in areas where there is a potential for exposure to this material (Tolban 4E)|SKIN CONTACT: WASH contaminated SKIN with soap and water. INGESTION: Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious, give water to drink. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Call a physician or the nearest Poison Control Center immediately (Tolban 4E) ... INHALATION: Remove from contaminated atmosphere. If symptoms appear or person is unconscious, get medical attention. EYE CONTACT: FLUSH contaminated EYES with copious amounts of fresh water for 15 minutes.

Slightly to moderately irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

RESIDUES RESULTING FROM 1.7 KG CGA10832/HA IN SEQUATCHIE LOAM SOIL 120 DAYS AFTER HERBICIDE APPLICATION WERE 0.54-0.86 PPM.

TOBACCO TISSUE CULTURES WERE USED IN A BIOASSAY SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF PROFLURALIN ON GROWTH. THE MOLAR CONCN REQUIRED TO INHIBIT FRESH WT GAIN BY 50% (I50) WAS DETERMINED. EXOGENOUSLY APPLIED D-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE AT 100 TIMES THE I50 CONCN DECR THE INHIBITION OF TISSUE GROWTH BY PROFLURALIN.

LD50 Rat oral about 10,000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 2,700 mg/kg (Tolban 4E)|LD50 Rabbit percutaneous 3,969 mg/kg|LD50 Rat percutaneous greater than 3170 mg/kg|LC50 (4 hr) Rat inhalation >3.0 mg/L (Tolban 4E)

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ It is ... toxic to honey bees.

Profluralin's former production and use as a selective pre-planting herbicide(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 8,600(2) and 10,232(3) indicate that profluralin will have no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of profluralin from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 6.3X10-5 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 0.1 mg/L(4); however, adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on the vapor pressure of this compound(4). Profluralin was photodegraded 47.6% following its application to a clay loam, and subsequent exposure to natural sunlight for 7 days(5). The biodegradation half-life of profluralin in soil was reported as 110 days(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 8,600(2) and 10,232(3) indicate that profluralin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 6.3X10-5 mm Hg(5) and water solubility of 0.1 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hours and 9 days, respectively; however, adsorption may attenuate volatilization(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond was estimated as 123 days when adsorption was considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7) an estimated BCF value of 3,950(SRC), from a log Kow of 5.58(8) and a regression derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be very high(SRC). Profluralin does not hydrolyze at environmental pH (pH 5-9) and room temperature; however it undergoes photodegradation suggesting photolysis in sunlit surface water may be an important fate process(5).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), profluralin, which has a vapor pressure of 6.3X10-5 mm Hg at 20 °C(1) is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase profluralin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 17 hours(SRC) calculated from its rate constant of 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC), derived using a structure estimation method(3). Profluralin absorbs light greater than 290 nm and is susceptible to photolysis(4). Particulate-phase profluralin may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

PROFLURALIN IS SUBJECT TO LOSS FROM THE SOIL BY VAPORIZATION AND PHOTODEGRADATION. RATE OF DISSIPATION IS MOST RAPID WHEN PROFLURALIN IS APPLIED TO A WET OR DAMP SOIL SURFACE. A HOT, PACKED, OR SMOOTH SOIL SURFACE, WIND, OR STRONG SUNLIGHT MAY ALSO STIMULATE THE RATE OF PROFLURALIN DISAPPEARANCE.|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of profluralin with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 17 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). At 20 °C, hydrolysis half-lives for profluralin were: 29 days at pH 13, 150 days at pH 1, and 1200 days in deionized water at neutral pH(2). Profluralin does not hydrolyze at environmental pH (pH 5-9) and room temperature(3). The half-life for the photodecomposition of profluralin was 44 minutes using UV light (310-410 nm)(4). After exposure to sunlight on soil thin layer plates for 7 days, profluralin did not degrade to any appreciable extent(5). Profluralin, applied at a rate of 1 kg/ha to dry Hagerstown clay loam (28% sand, 44% silt, 28% clay), degraded 47.6 percent when exposed to natural sunlight for 7 days(6). Using UV light of wavelength range 385-395 nm, 94 and 53 percent of the initial profluralin remained on a dry Taloka silt loam thin-layer surface at 5 and 45 °C, respectively, after 24 hours(7). Abiotic reduction of profluralin in homogeneous solutions of quinone redox couples (used to imitate the redox-labile functional groups in natural organic matter) occurred as a second order reaction with a rate constant of 79.0 L/min mol(8).

An estimated BCF value of 3,950 was calculated for profluralin(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 5.58(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

1.02e+04 L/kg|DUE TO THE STRONG SOIL ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATION METHODS (SOIL INCORPORATION), THE POSSIBILITY OF HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS TO FISH RESULTING FROM RECOMMENDED USAGE IS NIL.|PROFLURALIN IS STRONGLY ADSORBED TO ORGANIC MATTER AND CLAY. THEREFORE, IT IS NOT LEACHED THROUGH THE SOIL OR CARRIED ACROSS THE SOIL SURFACE AS RUNOFF UNLESS SOIL MOVEMENT OR EROSION TAKES PLACE. EVEN WHEN MINOR EROSION OCCURS, RELATIVELY LITTLE PROFLURALIN WILL BE CARRIED FROM THE TREATED AREA IF IT HAS BEEN MECHANICALLY INCORPORATED INTO THE SOIL.|The Koc of profluralin in soil was reported as 8,600(1) and 10,232(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that profluralin is immobile in soil(SRC). Profluralin was adsorbed 66 to 74 percent by organic matter and 9 to 10 percent by montmorillonite after 4 hours of equilibration in an experimental study(4). Desorption solutions of water and CaCl2 (1 normal) desorbed profluralin 12.8 and 11.8 percent, respectively, from organic matter and 93.3 and 69 percent, respectively, from montmorillonite(4).

The Henry's Law constant for profluralin is estimated as 2.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 6.3X10-5 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), and water solubility, 0.1 mg/L at 20 °C(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that profluralin is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 9 days(SRC). Volatilization may be attenuated due to adsorption(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond was estimated as 123 days when adsorption was considered(3). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on the vapor pressure(1). Profluralin applied at a rate of 1.68 kg/ha to the surface of a Lakeland sand volatilized 3-25% within 3 hours at temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C(4).

GROUNDWATER: Of 86 wells in Georgia that were sampled for profluralin during 1984-1991, only one well contained profluralin (concentration = 20 ug/l)(1).

Profluralin was analyzed for but not detected (detection limit = 0.050 ppm) on 6,970 produce samples(1).

Occupational exposure and general population exposure should be low or non-existent since profluralin is no longer produced or used in the US (profluralin's registration was cancelled April 20, 1984). In the past, profluralin was applied directly to the ground and soil incorporated and exposure to this compound was primarily by dermal contact in the field where it was applied. (SRC)

ROOTS OR SHOOTS OF OATS AND PEAS WERE EXPOSED TO VAPORS OF (14)C-LABELED PROFLURALIN. THE HERBICIDE WAS ABSORBED BY ROOTS AND SHOOTS OF GERMINATING OATS AND PEAS. SOME ROOT-SHOOT TRANSLOCATION WAS OBSERVED IN PEAS, BUT NO SHOOT-ROOT TRANSPORT COULD BE DETECTED IN EITHER PEAS OR OATS. IN PEAS, (14)C FROM ROOT-ABSORBED PROFLURALIN WAS DETECTED IN SHOOTS.|SORGHUM, BARNYARDGRASS, SOYBEAN, AND PALMER AMARANTH WERE TREATED WITH (14)C-LABELED PROFLURALIN IN NUTRIENT SOLN FOR 24 HR @ 26 OR 38 °C. PROFLURALIN ACCUM IN ROOTS TO A GREATER EXTENT AT 16 DEG, WHEREAS METAB WAS GREATEST AT 35 DEG. VERY LITTLE PROFLURALIN WAS TRANSLOCATED TO THE TOPS OF PLANTS. THESE EFFECTS MAY RELATE TO EXCESS TOXICITY OF PROFLURALIN AT 16 DEG IN SPECIES WHICH NORMALLY EXHIBIT RESISTANCE TO THE HERBICIDES.

PRESENT DATA INDICATE THAT MINUTE QUANTITIES OF POLAR METABOLITES ARE GENERATED IN COTTON AND SOYBEANS.|... IN RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES ... PROFLURALIN WAS METABOLIZED ANALOGOUSLY /TO TRIFLURALIN, BY HYDROXYLATION OF THE PROPYL RESIDUE AND/OR N-DEALKYLATION/ ... THE BENZIMIDAZOLE WAS A METABOLITE.|Profluralin was extensively metabolized in vitro by normal and phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomes. Metabolites produced indicated that profluralin metabolism involved N-dealkylation, aliphatic hydroxylation, nitro reduction and cyclization. Analyses ... indicated the formation of 2,6-dinitro-N-(n-propan-3-ol)-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-toluidine and the corresponding N-(n-propan-2-ol) analog. N-dealkylation of profluralin gave the des-n-propyl and di-dealkylated analogs and 2-ethyl-7-nitro-5-trifluoromethyl benzimidazole ...|The metabolism of profluralin was studied in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1 g/kg or 600 mg/kg profluralin by stomach tube. Bulk urine samples were collected from rats given 600 mg/kg profluralin for 2 weeks and analyzed for metabolites using chromatographic methods fluorine-l9 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Urine samples were collected 4, 13, 56, or 72 hr after dosing from rats given 1 g/kg profluralin to study the time course of metabolite excretion. At least 20 metabolites were detected in the bulk urine samples from their nuclear magnetic resonance chemica1 shifts. A didea1ky1ated monoreduced compound was the major metabolite. A hydroxylamine derivative was the first and major profluralin metabolite observed during the first 4 hr after dosing. 2-Diamino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-6-nitro-benzenamine was the major metabolite at later times. Approximately 10 to 15 percent of the profluralin dose was excreted during the first 72 hours after dosing.

CGA-10832 (AT 1X10-6 MOLAR) INHIBITED CYCLIC PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION OF ISOLATED PEA CHLOROPLASTS AND DECR STATE-3 RESPIRATION OF BOTH ISOLATED BEAN HYPOCOTYLS AND RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA.|CGA 10832 PARTIALLY INHIBITED THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS (MEASURED BY OXYGEN EVOLUTION) OF SPINACH LEAF DISCS.

Skin decontamination. Skin contamination should be treated promptly by washing with soap and water. Contamination of the eyes should be treated immediately by prolonged flushing of the eyes with large amounts of clean water. If dermal or ocular irritation persists, medical attention should be obtained without delay. /Other herbicides/|Gastrointestinal decontamination. Ingestions of these herbicides are likely to be followed by vomiting and diarrhea due to their irritant properties. Management depends on: (1) the best estimate of the quantity ingested, (2) time elapsed since ingestion, and (3) the clinical status of the subject. Activated charcoal is probably effective in limiting irritant effects and reducing absorption of most or all of these herbicides. Aluminum hydroxide antacids may be useful in neutralizing the irritant actions of more acidic agents. Sorbitol should be given to induce catharsis if bowel sounds are present and if spontaneous diarrhea has not already commenced. Dehydration and electrolyte disturbances may be severe enough to require oral or intravenous fluids. ... If large amounts of herbicide have been ingested and the patient is seen within an hour of the ingestion, gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered ... If the amount of ingested herbicides was small, if effective emesis has already occurred, or if treatment is delayed, administer activated charcoal and sorbitol by mouth. /Other herbicides/|Intravenous fluids. If serious dehydration and electrolyte depletion have occurred as a result of vomiting and diarrhea, monitor blood electrolytes and fluid balance and administer intravenous infusions of ... normal saline, Ringer's solution, or Ringer's lactate to restore extracellular fluid volume and electrolytes. Follow this with oral nutrients as soon as fluids can be retained. /Other herbicides/|Supportive measures are ordinarily sufficient for successful management of excessive exposures to these herbicides ... If the patient's condition deteriorates in spite of good supportive care, the operation of an alternative or additional toxicant should be suspected. /Other herbicides/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PROFLURALIN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ KNOWN OR SUSPECTED ADVERSE EFFECTS: Slightly to moderately irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Does not uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Irritation of eyes, skin, nose or throat may result from overexposure to Tolban 4E. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps or diarrhea (Tolban 4E). Irritation of eyes, skin, nose or throat may result from overexposure to Tolban 4E. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps or diarrhea (Tolban 4E).

N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine

WATER AT 10 TO 40 GAL PER ACRE IS THE CARRIER FOR THE 4 LB/GAL EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE.

PROFLURALIN SHOULD BE MECHANICALLY INCORPORATED FOR MAXIMUM BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. SUITABLE INCORPORATION EQUIPMENT INCLUDES PTO-DRIVEN CULTIVATORS, HOES, TILLERS, DOUBLE DISK, ROLLING CULTIVATORS, AND BED CONDITIONERS. APPLICATION AND INCORPORATION CAN BE PREPLANTING, POST PLANTING, OR AT LAYBY. RATES: SAND, LOAMY SAND, SANDY LOAM (LIGHT) 0.5 TO 0.75 LB/ACRE; LOAM, SILT LOAM, SILT (MEDIUM) 0.75 TO 1.50 LB/ACRE; CLAY LOAM, SILTY CLAY, CLAY (HEAVY) 1.0 TO 1.5 LB/ACRE. DO NOT USE ON MUCK AND PEAT.|IN THE GREENHOUSE, SEEDING IN SOIL TREATED WITH PROFLURALIN (1-2 LB/ACRE) INCR THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOYBEAN TO ROOT ROT, CAUSED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM. IT DECR ROOT DEVELOPMENT AND CAUSED HYPOCOTYL SWELLING, THUS PREDISPOSING THE PLANTS TO FUNGAL INFESTATION.|COTTON ROOT PRUNING OCCURRED IN PLOTS TREATED WITH PROFLURALIN (1.5 AND 3.0 LB/ACRE) AT TEMP OF 17-24 °C USING OVERHEAD IRRIGATION.|Discontinued by Ciba-Geigy Corp.|Registration cancelled April 20, 1984

... BY GLC WITH INTERNAL STANDARD.|PROFLURALIN WAS SEPARATED FROM OTHER PESTICIDES BY CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. DETECTION LIMITS OF 50 PG WERE ATTAINED.|RESIDUES MAY BE DETERMINED, AFTER COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHIC CLEAN-UP, BY GLC WITH MICROCOULOMETRIC DETECTION.|PROFLURALIN WAS DETERMINED IN INDUSTRIAL OR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for PROFLURALIN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.