Oryzalin

346.36

346.36

242-777-0

662E385DWH

648479

3077|2588

DTXSID8024238

Yellow-orange crystals

29350090

163

3.73 (pH 7)

Deep orange Crystalline Solid

1.2

137-138 °C

Decomp @ 265 deg C

264.6ºC

1.6000 (estimate)

In water, 2.5 mg/l @ 25 deg C

0-6°C

30 x 10-7 mm

Oral-Rat LD50: 10000 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 10000 mg/kg

Combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide gas

No appreciable odor

pKa = 9.4; very weak acid

Bright orange opaque liquid with slight aromatic odor /Surflan A.S./|Susceptible to decomposition.|Yellow-orange crystalline solid /Technical grade/

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

A dinitroaniline derivative.

Non-corrosive

UN 3077

2

51/53

60

WO9350000

N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

The shelf life of these formulations is more than 2 years.

P261, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P313, P363, P391, P501

H317

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Do not contaminate any body of water by ... disposal of wastes.

Incompatible with alkaline materials.

Trifluralin and Oryzalin. Aromatic Amines: An Assessment Biol & Environ Effects. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 228-73 (1981). The available information on the production, uses, exposure, methods of analysis, and health effects of trifluralin and oryzalin was reviewed.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H317 (98.89%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P261, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P313, P363, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 183 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Chemical goggles, coveralls, long-sleeved shirt and impermeable gloves.

Flammable solid /Technical oryzalin/

Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. ... Do not contaminate foodstuffs or feeds.

practically nontoxic

LD50 Rat oral >10,000 mg/kg|LD50 Cat oral >1000 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit percutaneous >2000 mg/kg|LD50 Dog oral >1000 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ORYZALIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Oryzalin's use as a pre-emergence herbicide(1) is expected to result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 600(2), indicates that oryzalin is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The moderately low to intermediate soil/water partitioning of oryzalin (Kd = 2, 5, 8, and 13; Koc = 600) indicates that substantial fractions of oryzalin could be transported via both dissolution in runoff water and adsorption to eroding soil(9). Volatilization of oryzalin from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.75X10-9 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 2.5 mg/l(4). Oryzalin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Microbial degradation and photodecomposition contribute to the degradation of oryzalin in soil(5). The results of one biological screening study, which demonstrates the role of microorganisms, have shown that oryzalin degrades much slower in sterilized soil as compared to nonsterile soil(5). In laboratory studies using Weld loam soil, oryzalin degradation under aerobic conditions was slower, half-lives of 1.4 and 4.35 months, than under anaerobic conditions, half-life of 0.34 months(6). Sunlight exposure studies have shown that oryzalin photodecomposes when oryzalin (applied to soil surfaces) is exposed to sunlight(7,8), a 7 day loss of 26.2% being reported(9).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 600(2), indicates that oryzalin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3), based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.75X10-9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.5 mg/l(5). According to a classification scheme(6), a range of BCFs from 32-328(7,8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate-to-high(SRC). Using 14C-labeled oryzalin and a terrestrial aquatic laboratory model ecosystem, oryzalin BCF values of 50 and 328 were determined for fish (Gambusia affinis)and snails, respectively(8). The susceptibility of oryzalin to direct photolysis in water (half-life = 1.4 hours) should limit its persistence in clear shallow waters with low light attenuation(8). However, its resistance to abiotic hydrolysis coupled with only a moderate susceptibility to aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation indicate that it will be somewhat more persistent in receiving surface waters that are deeper, have high light attenuation, low microbiological activities and long hydrological resident times(8).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), oryzalin, which has a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase oryzalin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Oryzalin absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum, and has the potential for direct photolysis in the atmosphere(2).

Oryzalin is sensitive to UV light in the solar spectrum(1); using sun lamps and a constant 45 °C temperature, oryzalin losses from a thin layer surface of silt loam soil were 14% after a 24-hr irradiation period(1). In dark controls, only a 2% loss occurred(1). In another photodegradation study(2), 14-C labeled oryzalin was applied to air dried Hagerstown clay loam and exposed to unfiltered solar radiation for 7 days in July(2); comparison with 7-day dark controls indicated that 26% of initially applied oryzalin had photodecomposed(2). While it appears that most of the applied oryzalin either binds to soil or is fully mineralized, substantial quantities of oryzalin could also be available for runoff for several days to months post-application depending in part upon the degree of exposure to sunlight (photodegradation on soil half-life of 4 days; aerobic soil half-life= 2.1 months; terrestrial field dissipation half-lives of 77-146 and 58-138 days)(3). Oryzalin can photolyze with a half-life of 5 hours in aqueous solution (pH 5, 2.5 ppm at 25 °C)(3). The aqueous solution was exposed to a Xenon arc lamp for 12 hours(1). Identified aqueous photo-products include(4): 3-nitro-5-aminosulfanilamide (2.9%), 3-nitro-5-amino-N-propylsulfanilamide (4.0%), 3,5-dinitro-sulfanilamide (5.7%), and 2-ethyl-7-nitro-1-propyl-5-sulfonylaminobenzimidazole 3-oxide(14%)(3). The calculated first-order photodegradation half-life of oryzalin was 2.3 hrs using illumination with an artificial light source and 1.4 hrs in sunlight(3). Oryzalin remained relatively stable in the dark control(3). Oryzalin applied to sandy loam soil and irradiated for 61 hrs with a xenon lamp degraded with biphasic kinetics(3). The biphasic photolysis half-life observed on soil is somewhat longer than the first-order half-life in aqueous solution(3). Identified photo-products in soil include(3): 3,5-dinitro-4-amino-sulfanilamide (2.6%), 2-ethyl-7-nitro-5-sulfamoyl benzimidazole (3.2%) and 3,5-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl sulfanilic acid (4.6%). After 61 hours of radiation, 14.5% of the applied was bound to the soil(3).

A BCF range of 32-328 has been reported for oryzalin(1,2). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCFs suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate-to-high(SRC). Using 14C-labeled oryzalin and a terrestrial aquatic laboratory model ecosystem, oryzalin BCF values of 50 and 328 were determined for fish (Gambusia affinis) and snails, respectively(1). Oryzalin was not highly concentrated in bluegill sunfish: having a BCF of 32 in edible tissue, 106 in nonedible tissue, 66 in whole fish(2). Within 24 hrs depuration period for bluegill sunfish, there was 79%, 81% and 81% loss of radioactivity in edible, nonedible and whole fish respectively(2). By day 14, there was a loss of 89%, 95% and 94% in edible, nonedible and whole fish respectively(3).

2.51e+03 L/kg|The avg Koc value is 600, with ranges from 93 to 2700(1). According to a classification scheme(2), the avg Koc value suggests that oryzalin is expected to have low mobility in soil. Results of field, greenhouse and laboratory studies have shown that oryzalin does not leach appreciably in soil(3,4). In several tests, surface applied oryzalin typically remained in the upper 7.5 cm soil profile with only minor amounts reaching the 15 cm depth(3,4). Soil movement appears to decrease with decreases in the moisture content(3).

The Henry's Law constant for oryzalin is estimated as 1.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.75X10-9 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2.5 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that oryzalin is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). Under field conditions, herbicidal applications of oryzalin to soil surfaces do not volatilize appreciably(4,5). Vapor loss measurements from a moist Lakeland sand at 50 °C, with an air flow rate of 50 ml/min for 3 hr, revealed virtually no vapor losses of oryzalin(6,7). Actual loss was only 0.1% or less at 30, 40 and 50 °C(7). Oryzalin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Between the years 1971-1991 in the United States, oryzalin was detected in 2 of 428 discrete wells ranging from 0.06-0.87 ug/l(1).

In 1989 monitoring conducted by the California Dept of Food and Agric, oryzalin was not detected (detection limit not reported) in 2 almond, 4 grape or 4 plum samples(1).

Occupational exposure to oryzalin may occur through inhalation of dust particles and dermal contact with this compound at places where oryzalin is produced or used (SRC). The general population may be exposed to oryzalin via its use as a residential outdoor herbicide (1).

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE. (See all compounds classified as Herbicides.)|Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals. (See all compounds classified as Coccidiostats.)|Agents that interact with TUBULIN to inhibit or promote polymerization of MICROTUBULES. (See all compounds classified as Tubulin Modulators.)

There is no significant absorption or translocation of oryzalin in soybean plants or in wheat grown as a rotation crop.

Affects physiological growth processes associated with seed germination.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)|Carcinogens

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2016)

Skin decontamination. Skin contamination should be treated promptly by washing with soap and water. Contamination of the eyes should be treated immediately by prolonged flushing of the eyes with large amounts of clean water. If dermal or ocular irritation persists, medical attention should be obtained without delay. /Other herbicides/|Gastrointestinal decontamination. Ingestions of these herbicides are likely to be followed by vomiting and diarrhea due to their irritant properties. Management depends on: (1) the best estimate of the quantity ingested, (2) time elapsed since ingestion, and (3) the clinical status of the subject. Activated charcoal is probably effective in limiting irritant effects and reducing absorption of most or all of these herbicides. Aluminum hydroxide antacids may be useful in neutralizing the irritant actions of more acidic agents. Sorbitol should be given to induce catharsis if bowel sounds are present and if spontaneous diarrhea has not already commenced. Dehydration and electrolyte disturbances may be severe enough to require oral or intravenous fluids. ... If large amounts of herbicide have been ingested and the patient is seen within an hour of the ingestion, gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered ... . If the amount of ingested herbicides was small, if effective emesis has already occurred, or if treatment is delayed, administer activated charcoal and sorbitol by mouth. /Other herbicides/|Intravenous fluids. If serious dehydration and electrolyte depletion have occurred as a result of vomiting and diarrhea, monitor blood electrolytes and fluid balance and administer intravenous infusions of glucose, normal saline, Ringer's solution, or Ringer's lactate to restore extracellular fluid volume and electrolytes. Follow this with oral nutrients as soon as fluids can be retained. /Other herbicides/|Supportive measures are ordinarily sufficient for successful management of excessive exposures to these herbicides ... . If the patient's condition deteriorates in spite of good supportive care, the operation of an alternative or additional toxicant should be suspected. /Other herbicides/

Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.|May cause skin sensitization reactions in certain individuals /Surflan A.S./|The International Chemical Workers Union requested an evaluation of dermatitis and reproductive system disorders among workers exposed to oryzalin, dichlorobenzidine, and benzidine at the Bofors-Nobel/Lakeway facility, Muskegon, Michigan. Exposure to dichlorobenzidine was measured from two personal breathing samples and the results ranged from not detectable to 6.5 ug/cu m. Area samples for dichlorobenzidine were also taken. Surface contamination samples revealed dichlorobenzidine on the packout locker room surfaces and inside the operator's personal protective equipment. Exposure to airborne oryzalin for six full shift workers ranged from not detectable to 130 ug/cu m, with a mean of 28 ug/cu m. Dinitrochlorobenzene was detected in air at 70 ug/cu m and on surfaces at 6 ug/100 sq cm. Workers exposed to oryzalin reported no adverse reproductive effects. Of 36 workers exposed to dinitrochlorobenzene, 19 had skin problems. Bladder cancer was documented in 10 workers wit a mean time from first exposure to benzidine to diagnosis of 13.3 yr. It was concluded that a potential hazard existed from dichlorobenzidine exposure.

3,5-dinitro-N,N-di(n-propyl)sulfanilamide

Use of oryzalin in the United States was 1.4 million lbs in the year 1987.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 104201; Trade Names: Surflan; Ryzelan; EL 119; Compound 67019; Dirimal; Rycelan; and Rout.|Wettable powder; suspension concentrate|Mixed formulations: (oryzalin +) simazine|Aqueous suspension, dry flowable, wettable powder|Water dispersible granules

Compatible with many other herbicides and fertilizers.|Compatible with most fertilizers and other wettable powder formulations, if not highly alkaline. Oryzalin is compatible with hard water.|Technical oryzalin /is/ the active ingredient of SURFLAN 75W and AS.

The analytical method for residue determination requires extraction of the crop tissue or soil with a solvent such as methanol, solvent partition, conversion of the oryzalin to its dimethyl derivative with methyl iodide, and removal of interfering substances on an alumina column. Final measurement is made by GC utilizing an electron affinity detector. The test sensitivity is 25 to 50 ppb.|Determination of oryzalin in crops by using GLC with an ECD. The detection limit is 0.01 ppm. Recoveries were 75-90%.|Product can be analyzed by spectrophotometry (OD Decher and WS Johnson, Anal. Methods Pestic Plant Growth Regul, 1976, 8, 433) or by hplc with uv detection (SD West in Comp Anal Profiles, Ch 9). Residues by gc of a methylated derivative, with ECD; other residue methods briefly reviewed (SD West, loc cit).|In formulated products, adsorption of the bright orange solution of oryzalin in benzene:ethyl acetate is measured at 383 nm after removal of colored impurities...|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for ORYZALIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agrochemicals -> Herbicides|Health Hazards -> Carcinogens|Pharmaceuticals|Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)|HERBICIDES

Oryzalin has known environmental transformation products that include Oryzalin metabolite OR-13, Oryzalin metabolite OR-14, Oryzalin metabolite OR-15, Oryzalin metabolite OR-2, Oryzalin metabolite OR-20, Oryzalin metabolite OR-21, Oryzalin metabolite OR-3, Oryzalin metabolite OR-4, Oryzalin metabolite OR-41, Oryzalin metabolite OR-7, Oryzalin metabolite OR-9, and Oryzalin metabolite UN-1.