Fluridone

329.32

329.32

261-916-6

3L0JQA61JX

DTXSID8024107

White crystalline solid

20.3

1.87 at pH 7, 25 deg C

White to light yellow solid

Bulk density, loose: 0.358 g/cu cm; packed: 0.515 g/cu cm

155 °C

444.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

222.6±28.7 °C

1.568

In water, 12 mg/L at pH 7, 25 deg C

0-6°C

0.013 mPa (9.8X10-8 mm Hg) at 25 deg C

Henry's Law constant = 3.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 12.3

White to tan crystalline solid /Technical grade/|Decomposes at 200-219 °C. ...Decomposed by u.v. irradiation, DT50 23 hr in water.

III

UN 3077

2

51/53-21

60-36/37

UU7786500

N,Xn

Stable to hydrolysis at pH 3-9.

P273-P280-P312

H311-H411

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.|Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.|SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

|Danger|H311 (88.97%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]|P273, P280, P302+P352, P312, P322, P361, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 146 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label.|After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash.

/For applying the product/ wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores.|Outdoor Applications. Never apply pesticides outdoors on a windy day (winds higher than 10 mph). Position yourself so that a light breeze does not blow pesticide spray or dust into your face.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

LD50 Rat oral >10,000 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral >10,000 mg/kg|LD50 Dog oral >500 mg/kg|LD50 Cat oral >250 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit percutaneous >5000 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of fluridone were 4.3 plus or minus 3.7 mg/L for invertebrates and 10.4 plus or minus 3.9 mg/L for fish. In chronic studies, no effects were detected when daphnids (Daphnia magna ) were continuously exposed to fluridone concentrations of 0.2 mg/L or less for 32 days, amphiopods (Gammarus pseudolimnaeus ) to 0.6 mg/L or less for 60 days or midge larvae (Chironomus plumosus ) to 0.6 mg/L or less for 30 days. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas ) were not affected by continuous exposure to fluridone concentration of 0.48 mg/L or less over their life cycle. The growth and survival of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus ) were not adversely affected by continuous exposure to fluridone concentrations of 0.5 mg/L or less for 60 days after hatching.

Fluridone's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC); its use as a herbicide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranged from 350 to 2,462(2-4), indicate that fluridone is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of fluridone is 12.3 (tertiary amine)(6), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(7). Volatilization of fluridone from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.8X10-8 mm Hg(5), and water solubility 12 mg/L(6). Fluridone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(5). A biodegradation half-life of 360 days was reported in aerobic soil(8). In field studies using different soil types, <10% of the originally applied fluridone was found after 220 days in Miller clay and 20% was found remaining after 385 days in Lufkin fine sandy loam soil(9). In laboratory studies, fluridone persistence in non-sterilized soils after 210 days was 62, 44, 10, and 5% in Lufkin fine sandy loam, Miller clay, Hidalgo sandy clay loam, and Brennan fine sandy loam, respectively(9). In Miller clay and Lufkin fine sandy loam no difference was observed in the rate of fluridone degradation between sterilized and non-sterilized samples; however, significant differences in degradation were observed between sterilized and non-sterilized Brennan fine sandy loam and Hidalgo sandy clay loam(9).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranged from 350 to 2,462(2-4), indicates that fluridone may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa of fluridone is 12.3 (tertiary amine)(7), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to suspended solids and sediment than their neutral counterparts(8). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(5) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.8X10-8 mm Hg(6) and water solubility, 12 mg/L(7). According to a classification scheme(9), BCF values ranging from 0 to 91(10-13), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). Fluridone is stable to hydrolysis(4,14). Aqueous photolysis half-lives ranging from 1 to 6 days were reported in various studies(4). Photodegradation was found to be the major degradation pathway of fluridone in aquatic systems under actual-use conditions(15). A half-life of 12 months was reported for fluridone in sediment under laboratory conditions and 17 weeks under field conditions(15). Fluridone was reported to dissipate with average half-lives of 20 days and 3 months in pond water and in pond hydrosoil, respectively(16). A half-life of 4 days was observed for fluridone after treatment in a pond(17). A half-life of 1 year or more was observed for fluridone in hydrosoils(17).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), fluridone, which has a vapor pressure of 9.8X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase fluridone may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC).

Fluridone is stable to hydrolysis(1,2). Aqueous photolysis half-lives ranging from 1 to 6 days were reported in various studies(1). Photolysis half-lives in aqueous solution (pH 3, 6, and 9) ranging from 22 to 55 hours were reported for fluridone in laboratory experiments (>280 nm)(3). Major photolysis products were two benzaldehydes, two benzoic acids and N-methylformamide(3). Fluridone was reported to degrade in photolysis experiments using water obtained from a small eutrophic pond in southern Hancock County, IN; after 30 days of exposure to sunlight, 20 to 16% of the initially applied amount of fluridone was remaining in distilled and pond water, respectively(3).

BCF values ranging from 0 to 91 have been reported for fluridone in various fish(1-4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of <30 are low, and from 30 to 100 are moderate.

707.95 L/kg|Koc values for fluridone measured in 6 soils were reported to range from 350 to 2,462(1-3). According to a classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that fluridone is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil. The pKa of fluridone is 12.3(5), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6).

The Henry's Law constant for fluridone is estimated as 3.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 9.8X10-8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 12 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that fluridone is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). Fluridone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: Fluridone was not detected in 4 wells sampled in 1989 in California as part of the Pesticides in Ground Water Database - A Compilation of Monitoring Studies: 1971-1991(1).|DRINKING WATER: Fluridone was not detected (minimum reporting limit = 0.90 ug/L) in the US Environmental Protection Agency five-year National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water Wells(1). Water samples form 783 rural domestic wells and 566 community water system wells were studied in this survey(1).

Fluridone was not detected in any of 26 crops irrigated with water containing fluridone(1). The detection limit for fluridone in this study was 0.05 ppm(1).

Occupational exposure to fluridone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where fluridone is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population is unlikely to be exposed to fluridone via ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE. (See all compounds classified as Herbicides.)

/In a rat metabolism study/... Preliminary study: Group A, 2 male (M)/2 female (F) exposed to a single oral dose of [14C]fluridone (...radiopurity 99.8%; for test solutions [14C]fluridone was mixed w/[12C]fluridone, ...100% purity; test substance was suspended in 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]) at ~10 mg/kg. Group B, 1M/1F exposed to a single oral dose at ~1000 mg/kg. Urine, feces and cage rinses were collected daily for 7 days (because expired (trapped) 14CO2 accounted for <1% of the dose after 24 hr, further 14CO2 measurements were discontinued). Definitive study: Group C, vehicle controls, 2M/2F exposed to a single oral dose of 1% CMC. Group D, 5M/5F exposed to a single oral dose at ~7.4 mg/kg. Group E, 7M/7F exposed to ~10 mg/kg unlabeled fluridone once daily for 14 days, then 5M/5F exposed on day 15 to ~10 mg/kg [14C]fluridone. Group F, 5M/5F exposed to a single oral dose at ~900 mg/kg. ...Clinical signs (lack of mobility, abnormal and rapid head movement, squinting, loss of balance and cage biting) occurred only at the HD (Groups B and F), clearing within 24 hr. Results, Group A: by 7 days, 12.52%/12.89% (M/F) was excreted in urine and 72.76%/81.79% in feces. Group B: by 7 days 4.83%/3.43% was excreted in urine and 86.43%/86.31% in feces. Group D: by 24 hr 11.14%/10.44% was excreted in urine and 72.46%/77.72% in feces. By 7 days 11.61%/10.93% was excreted in urine and 79.19%/84.62% in feces. Combined excretion (including cage rinse) by 7 days was 92.93%/98.74%. Group E: by 24 hr 9.54%/8.51% was excreted in urine and 70.69%/69.90% in feces. By 7 days 10.11%/9.14% was excreted in urine and 79.80%/81.79% in feces. Combined excretion (including cage rinse) by 7 days was 92.81%/94.21%. Group F: by 24 hr 2.40%/2.43% was excreted in urine and 27.16%/27.18% in feces (thus, a relative delay in fecal excretion at the HD). By 7 days 8.30%/8.07% was excreted in urine and 91.58%/90.09% in feces. Combined excretion (including cage rinse) by 7 days was 101.02%/99.62%. Total tissue residues were always <1% of the dose (Groups D-F). Under all conditions, highest tissue levels occurred in the liver. The major metabolites were a variety of polar and non-polar compounds resulting from aromatic hydroxylations and heteroaromatic N-demethylation. The parent compound was the primary fecal component over the 1st 72 hr.|In a metabolism study in rats, fluridone was rapidly and almost completely absorbed into the systemic circulation and eliminated in both the male and female rats within 3 days. The total radioactivity recovered within 3 days after dosing in the urine and feces were 78-90% and 87- 97% of administered dose in males and females, respectively. The majority (approximately 70%) of the radioactivity was eliminated via feces. No tissue accumulation was observed.|The rates of uptake of ... (14C) fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-(1H)-pyridinone) from water by rainbow trout and Chironomus tentans (4th Instar) larvae were much lower than those for more hydrophobic compounds tested under similar conditions ... Uptake and clearance of fluridone ... by chironomid larvae were more rapid than for rainbow trout. /BCF/ for chironomid larvae /was/ estimated to be 128 for fluridone ... Liver, intestine, and pyloric caeca of adult rainbow trout accumulated the highest residues of (14C)-fluridone ... Most of the radioactivity was found to be in the form of fluridone or 4-hydroxyfluridone (1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone) ... in tissues of fish exposed to /fluridone/ ...

The major metabolites were a variety of polar and non-polar compounds resulting from aromatic hydroxylations and heteroaromatic N-demethylation. The parent compound was the primary fecal component over the 1st 72 hr.|Most of the radioactivity was found to be in the form of fluridone or 4-hydroxyfluridone (1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone) ... in tissues of fish exposed to /fluridone/ ...

EL 171

Formulations: Aqueous suspension, pellets.|Trade Name: Avast, Sonar

4(1H)-Pyridinone, 1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-: ACTIVE|Cotton is the only crop which has been found to be tolerant.|It is particularly useful for the control of eurasian milfoil in the northern tier states and for hydrilla in the southern states. It inhibits carotene synthesis which causes the loss of chlorophyll. It is typically applied to the whole water body because it requires a contact time of 45 days to be effective. The labels permit single treatments of up to 90 ppb for whole lake treatments and 150 ppb for partial lake treatments, with a maximum cumulative application of 150 ppb per growth cycle. If the treatment area is within 1/4 mile of a water intake, the fluridone concentration must be maintained below 20 ppb.

Product analysis by hplc ... Residues in soil and plant tissue determined by hplc or glc with ECD of a suitable derivative ... In drinking water, by glc with NPD.|Method: EPA-TSC/NERL 507; Procedure: Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector; Analyte: fluridone; Matrix: ground water and finished drinking water; Detection Limit: 2.8 ug/L.|Method: EPA-NERL 525.2; Procedure: Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry; Analyte: fluridone; Matrix: finished drinking water, source water, or drinking water in any treatment stage; Detection Limit: 0.55 ug/L.|Method: ASTM D5475; Procedure: Standard Test Method for Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector; Analyte: fluridone; Matrix: ground water and finished drinking water; Detection Limit: 3.8 ug/L.

Agrochemicals -> Herbicides|HERBICIDES