Aluminum sodium oxide phosphate

851.737817

183.909

White powder

87.2

0.88420

158ºC at 760 mmHg

1.41mmHg at 25°C

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/Aluminum (dust or powder)/ may cause minor irritation to lungs & eyes. /Aluminum powder, uncoated/

In a case study of patients on long-term dialysis, systemic aluminum absorption with concurrent oral citrate (as an alkalinizing agent) and aluminum-containing phosphate binder (eg, aluminum hydroxide or carbonate) was significantly increased. Based on the proposed mechanism and pharmacologic similarity, an interaction may be expected to occur between citric acid and other aluminum salts (eg, aluminum phosphate, aluminum glycinate, attapulgite, dihydroxyaluminum, kaolin, magaldrate). It has been shown that following concurrent administration of citric acid (from lemon juice) and aluminum hydroxide there is an increase in serum levels of a nonionized aluminum-citrate complex, which is postulated to easily pass the gastrointestinal barrier. Simultaneous administration of citric acid and aluminum hydroxide should be avoided since significant systemic absorption of aluminum may occur. This may be of additional concern in patients on long-term dialysis or with impaired renal function. /Aluminum salts/|... Examined 25 dialysis patients that experienced accidental exposure to aluminum and parathyroid hormone (PTH). At the same time as parathyroid hormone decreased, serum calcium increased. Based on this observation it has been suggested that aluminum is incorporated, instead of calcium, into the bone and that this leads to the osteomalacia characteristic of aluminum-induced bone disease. Instead of being incorporated into osteoid bone tissue, calcium returns to the circulation which in turn inhibits the parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroid. In support of this hypothesis, ... found a strong correlation between bone aluminum content and the amount of bone occupied by unmineralized osteoid in humans. Experimental support for the hypothesis of calcium-aluminum interactions has also been provided in studies on chicks. /Aluminum/

AQUATIC FATE: The adsorption of aluminum by fine particulates was studied in Whitray Beck, a hill stream in England. ... Uptake of aluminum by the particles increased with total Aluminum , with pH, and with particle concentration, although the fraction of Aluminum bound at a given pH and particle concentration decreased with total Aluminum ... . /Total aluminum/|TERRESTRIAL FATE: Air-dried, <2 mm fractions of 3 soil samples from The Netherlands and 1 from New Hampshire, were taken from the surface and sub-surface horizons of two podzols (Haplorthods) and of a recent driftsand (Udipsamment). Duplicate samples of each emulsion soil horizon were leached ... with aqueous hydrogen chloride (pH 3.0). ... Charge balances of the leachates indicate that dissolved Aluminum is present mainly as aquo-Aluminum +3. Only in leachates of podzol Bhs horizons is a significant fraction (20-30%) of dissolved Aluminum organically complexed. Dissolved Aluminum concn are significantly correlated with the organic (Na4P2O7-extractable) Aluminum content of the soil sample. Mobility of Aluminum in the Hubbard Brook soils is significantly lower than in the Dutch soils, because of higher soil-solution pH values. /Aluminum cmpd/|Albic (E) and spodic (Bs) soil horizons were sampled from old growth eastern white pine/mixed northern hardwoods. Adirondacks, and an ochric (A) soil horizon was sampled from the Appalachian plateau of NY State. 21 Three-horizon forest floor (FF) and 21 forest floor/mineral soil (field moist equivalent of 12.0 oven-dry albic, spodic, or ochric mineral soil) columns were leached in triplicate with either 10 uM nitric acid (pH 5), 5 uM sulfuric acid (pH 5), 100 uM nitric acid (pH 4), 50 uM sulfuric acid (pH 4), 1000 uM nitric acid (pH 3), 500 uM sulfuric acid (pH 3), or distilled, deionized water (pH 5.7) control treatment). Nitric acid leached more aluminum than did sulfuric acid from forest floor/spodic soil columns. Increasing the nitric acid concn from pH 3-5 increased total aluminum concn in leachates from 0.70 to 0.85 mM, while increasing sulfuric acid had no effect. Addition of pH 3 sulfuric acid to forest floor/spodic columns raised leachate pH relative to pH 3 nitric acid and controls, and resulted in the lowest aluminum concn of all treatments in the first 3 of 4 sequential leachings. /Aluminum/|Albic (E) and spodic (Bs) soil horizons were sampled from old growth eastern white pine/mixed northern hardwoods sites in the Adirondacks, and an ochric (A) soil horizon was sampled from the Appalachian Plateau of NY State. 9 Three-horizon forest floor (FF), 9 mineral soil (field moist equivalent of 12.0 oven-dry albic, spodic, or ochric mineral soil) and 9 forest floor/mineral soil columns were leached with 60 ml of (a) 10 mM ammonium nitrate (control), (b) 1.0 mM nitric acid in 10 mM ammonium nitrate (pH 3), and (c) 1.0 mM ammonium nitrate (pH 3) at the rate of 10 ml/h. The above procedure was repeated on each mineral soil without a forest floor, except leaching soln were 0.5 mM calcium nitrate or calcium sulfate, each in 10 mM ammonium nitrate. Adding 2 and 0.5 cmol sub c (H+)/kg to forest floor and mineral soils, respectively, simulated snowmelt additions. Total aluminum concn in leachates from forest floor/albic or forest floor/ochric columns were greater than the sum of concn in leachates from the forest floor and mineral horizon when leached separately. This positive synergistic behavior of the forest floor-mineral horizon sequences was also observed in the forest floor-spodic horizon sequence when leached with control soln, but the synergism was negative for both labile and non-labile aluminum when leached with the acids. Sulfuric acid leached less aluminum from the spodic horizon than did nitric acid, regardless of the presence of a forest floor, but nitric acid, sulfuric acid , and control soln leached similar concn of aluminum from the albic and ochric horizons. The forest floor effects on the mineral soil leachates were attributed to effects of calcium, sulfate, nitrate, and dissolved organic C leached from the forest floor to the mineral horizon since forest floor removed nearly all added H+. /Aluminum/

The solute and particulate aluminum (Al) chemistry of a relatively unpolluted snowfall associated with a maritime airmass was measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA) and inductively-coupled plasma analysis (soluble fraction) and neutron activation analysis (particulate material), to characterize background conditions for the Scottish Highlands. Aluminum concentrations were compared to those found in a polluted black snowfall with a trajectory that originated over eastern Europe and to those levels found in seasonal snowpack. The variability of the concentration of solute and the chemical composition of particulate material is reported on an intra-and inter-site basis. The solute aluminum content of Scottish snowfall in the inter-site survey was 19.2 ug/l, and in the intra-site survey 52.2 ug/l. The aluminum composition of particulate matter found within Scottish snow was 20,600 ppm in the inter-site survey, and 21,100 ppm in the intra-site survey. For the black snow, the solute aluminum content was 84 + or - 3 ug/l, and the aluminum composition of particulate matter was 52,300 ppm. The mean concentration of aluminum in seasonal snowpack was 27,200 ppm. /Aluminum solute & particulate/

INTAKE OF ALUMINUM IS CHIEFLY BY MOUTH, FROM FOODS AND BEVERAGES, ALSO BY LUNGS, FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC DUST CONTENT. IT IS PRESENT IN NATURAL DIET, IN AMT VARYING FROM VERY LOW IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS TO RELATIVELY HIGH IN PLANTS. /ALUMINUM/

A body burden of 100 mg/70 kg man with a daily dietary intake of approximately 36 mg. ... The total body burden of aluminum in humans can be estimated to range from 60-100 mg. /Aluminum/|THE NORMAL BLOOD LEVEL OF ALUMINUM IS 17 UG AL/100 ML AND MOST SOFT TISSUES CONTAIN BETWEEN 0.2 AND 0.6 PPM. HUMAN BODY BURDEN OF ALUMINUM IS 50 TO 150 MG & IS APPARENTLY UNAFFECTED BY EITHER NORMAL DAILY INTAKE LEVELS ESTIMATED TO BE APPROXIMATELY 10 TO 100 MG OR CONSIDERABLY HIGHER DOSES. /ALUMINUM/|Aluminum content of normal human brain ranged from 0.1-3.9 ug/g dry weight. In a study of 208 samples taken from 7 patients, ... a mean aluminum content of 1.9 + or - 0.07 ug/g dry weight of gray matter /was found/ to be abnormal. In a study of 585 areas sampled from the brain tissue of 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease they found 28% had an aluminum concn > 4 ug/g. The range of the 585 samples was 0.4-107 ug/g. /Aluminum/

It was calculated that a dialysate aluminum concn of 0.2-1.0 mg/l (a concn readily found in many water supplies) would result in the direct transfer of aluminum into the blood of 3-16 mg for each dialysis treatment or 42-211 mg/mo. /Aluminum/|A given oral dose of aluminum results in significantly higher serum and tissue levels of the metal in nephrectomized rats than in intact controls in spite of the fact that only minimal amounts of aluminum are normally excreted in the urine. /Aluminum/|It was found that 70-90% of total aluminum bound to plasma proteins (60-70% to a high molecular weight protein and 10-20% to albumin while only 10-30% was unbound). This high affinity of aluminum for plasma proteins strongly suggests high levels of binding of aluminum to a variety of tissue proteins. /Aluminum/|It was shown that the uptake of aluminum into the blood during renal dialysis was due to the extensive binding of aluminum to plasma proteins leaving very little aluminum in the non-bound state in plasma. Thus, the plasma proteins served as a trap for accumulating the metal. It was shown that the component of plasma protein that binds aluminum is saturable. Consistent with this ... is the fact that, during dialysis with aluminum-containing dialysate, plasma aluminum levels reach a plateau. /Aluminum/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SODIUM PHOSPHOALUMINATE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The mean plasma half-life of aluminum after iv admin in dogs is approx 4.5 hr. /Aluminum/|The shorter half-life for the urinary elimination of aluminum was about 8 hr. /Aluminum/

TREATMENT: TO RELIEVE THE GI DISTRESS /CAUSED BY SWALLOWING ALUMINUM SALTS/... THE DEGREE OF DEHYDRATION & ELECTROLYTE LOSS CAUSED BY VOMITING & DIARRHEA MUST BE DETERMINED, & CORRECTED BY IV INFUSIONS OF APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS. /ALUMINUM SALTS/|DIAGNOSIS: WHEN HISTORY IS UNATTAINABLE, DIAGNOSIS DEPENDS ON THE DEMONSTRATION OF LARGE AMT OF ALUMINUM IN VOMITUS, STOMACH CONTENTS OR FECES. /ALUMINUM CMPD/|Deferoxamine has been used to treat dialysis encephalopathy and osteomalacia with symptomatic relief reported. The use of deferoxamine for aluminum-toxic dialysis patients has been suggested for serum levels of aluminum between 100 and 200 ug/ml. Deferoxamine also has been used to diagnose aluminum-related osteodystrophy. After a deferoxamine infusion of 40 mg/kg over 2 hours, an increment in plasma aluminum concentration of 200 ug/l identified 35 of 37 patients with biopsy-proven aluminum-related osteodystrophy (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 50%). Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid does not appear as effective as deferoxamine in chelating aluminum. Especially in dialysis patients, aluminum-containing medications should be reduced. /Aluminum/

Patients who had died with dialysis encephalopathy syndrome had brain gray matter aluminum levels that were 3 times higher (approximately 12 mg/kg dry weight) than those seen in patients who had been comparably dialyzed but did not have dialysis encephalopathy syndrome (approximately 4 mg/kg dry weight). Both of these groups were markedly higher than the 1 mg/kg dry weight level seen in controls. These data clearly indicate elevated brain levels of aluminum in dialyzed patients and emphasize the fact that only the highest levels of brain aluminum are associated with dialysis encephalopathy syndrome. /Aluminum/|X-ray spectrometric evidence of aluminum accumulation in neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons of human brains was reported. Quite in contrast to the extensive literature on aluminum in dialysis encephalopathy syndrome, there appears to be only a small amount of additional corroborating evidence for elevated brain levels of aluminum in Alzheimer's disease patients. ... Much of the argument for a role of aluminum in Alzheimer's disease has been built on the fact that in experimental animals, such as cat and rabbit, intracerebral injections of small amounts of aluminum result in neural degeneration which is characterized by the development of neurofibrillary tangles. ... Aluminum-induced tangles in experimental animals are composed of single 10 nm filaments while those from Alzheimer's disease are paired, helically wound filaments. ... In spite of the apparent similarities in the two types of tangles, there are sufficient differences to warrant caution in interpreting that the tangles in humans are caused by aluminum as they are in experimental animals. /Aluminum/|Genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease and other similar neuroencephalopathies has become more widely appreciated. For example, PHF-containing neurons have been found to be common in patients on the island of Guam who have been diagnosed with a particular type of encephalopathy, referred to as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with Parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PD complex of Guam). Elevation of aluminum levels of drinking water in Guam have been associated with the high incidence of this complex, but it appears that only the indigenous population of Guam is affected suggesting a genetic predisposition. /Aluminum/|THERE IS SOME EVIDENCE THAT @ INTAKE LEVELS CONSIDERABLY HIGHER THAN NORMAL THERE IS TENDENCY FOR BODY TO BECOME DEPLETED OF /PHOSPHORUS/, OWING TO BINDING OF DIETARY PHOSPHATE BY ALUMINUM IN DIGESTIVE TRACT. /ALUMINUM/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM PHOSPHOALUMINATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF SODIUM ALUMINATE (HYDRATE), SODIUM PHOSPHATE (ORTHO) AND SMALL AMT OF SODIUM CARBONATE & SODIUM SILICATE.

THE SUPPLY IN SOILS IS ABUNDANT. SOME ACID SOILS CONTAIN SUFFICIENT ALUMINUM IN SOLUTION FORM TO KILL CERTAIN PLANTS. /ALUMINUM/

NIOSH Method 173. Analyte: Sodium. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Atomic absorption spectrometry. Samples are treated with nitric acid to ash the organic matrix and to dissolve the metal present in the sample. The analysis is subsequently made by atomic absorption spectrometry. The relative standard deviation of the method is 3 percent. This method has the sensitivity of 0.015 ug/ml, detection limit of 0.0002 ug/ml for the range of 0.5-5.0 ug/ml to 21-210 ug/cu m. /Sodium/|Determination in air: Atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. /Aluminum and its cmpd/|NIOSH METHOD 173. ANALYTE: ALUMINUM. MATRIX: AIR. PROCEDURE: ACID DIGESTION, ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY. /TRACE METALS/|NIOSH Method 7013. Samples containing aluminum and its compounds are analyzed using Atomic Absorption, Flame at a wave length of 309.3 nm. Sample preparation includes filtration, ashing, and dissolution with concentrated nitric/concentrated perchloric acid (4:1 v/v). This method has a detection limit of 2 ug/sample and precision of 0.03 over a range of 50 to 5000 mg/sample.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM PHOSPHOALUMINATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH Method 215. Analyte: Inorganic phosphate. Matrix: Urine. Procedure: Spectrometry. The normal range of inorganic phosphate excreted in urine is 30 to 45 mg/kg of body weight/day. The detection limit is approximately 0.06 mg/ml of inorganic phosphate in urine, corresponding to an absorbance of about 0.01. /Phosphate/|NIOSH METHOD 8310. Urine samples containing aluminum and its compounds are analyzed using Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy at a wavelength of 308.2 nm. Sample preparation includes addition of a polydithiocarbamate resin, filtration, ashing, and dissolution with concentrated nitric/concentrated perchloric acid (4:1 v/v). This method has a detection limit of 0.1 ug/sample and a relative standard deviation of 0.088 over a range of 0.25 to 200 ug/sample with a recovery of 100%. /Aluminum/|Procedures for aluminum determination in body fluids by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace are described. Topics covered include sample preparation, applicable specifications, and possible difficulties which can arise. /Aluminum/|A microanalytical method for the measurement of aluminum in biological samples is presented, which requires 1-500 mg of brain tissues and less than 1 ml of blood, urine, or other aqueous samples. /Aluminum/|For more Clinical Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM PHOSPHOALUMINATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.