2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline

198.22

198.22

30GL3D3T0G

DTXSID4020745

Crystalline solid

29334900

56.7

1.47

2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline appears as light tan crystalline solid or tan powder. (NTP, 1992)

1.41 g/cm3

>300 °C

458.7ºC at 760 mmHg

231.2ºC

soluble in methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

Refrigerator

Flammable; burning produces toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

Stable under moderately acidic and alkaline conditions and in cold dilute aqueous solutions protected from light; Rapidly degrades in dilute hypochlorite, not deactivated by weakly acidic nitrite solutions.

This chemical is sensitive to light and air. Insoluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

2-AMINO-3-METHYLIMIDAZO(4,5-F)QUINOLINE may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to heat. It is stable under moderately acidic and alkaline conditions and in cold dilute aqueous solutions when protected from light. This compound is rapidly degraded by dilute hypochlorite. (NTP, 1992)

T

Warehouse ventilated, low temperature and dry

Toxic

P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501

H302+H312+H332

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-AMINO-3-METHYLIMIDAZO(4,5-f)QUINOLINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline (IQ) (76180-96-6) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. /Selected Heterocyclic Amines/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s092vhca.pdf]

Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H302+H312+H332 (50%): Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-AMINO-3-METHYLIMIDAZO(4,5-f)QUINOLINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

The mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-(4,5-f)quinoline (IQ) was increased by methyl parathion and methyl paraoxon but not by ethyl parathion. This mutagenic synergy was expressed in S. typhimurium strain YG1024. Mammalian microsomal activation was required for ... IQ to express mutagenic synergy.

The fate of intravenously injected (14)C-IQ was studied in male NMRI, pregnant NMRI and female C3H mice. Whole-body autoradiograms were characterized by an accumulation of radiolabel in metabolic and excretory organs (liver, kidney, bile, urine, gastric and intestinal contents, salivary glands, nasal mucosa and Harder's gland) and in lymphomyeloid tissues (bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes) and endocrine and reproductive tissues (adrenal medulla, pancreatic islets, thyroid, hypophysis, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, ampulla and prostate). The liver and kidney cortex were identified as sites of retention of nonextractable radiolabel. IQ crosses the placenta, but no radiolabel was retained in fetal tissues.

The metabolism of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) was studied in the male rat using ... 14C and 3H at positions 2 and 5 of the molecule, respectively. Adult male Fischer 344 rats were administered [2-14C]IQ or [5-3H]IQ by oral gavage at ... 20 or 40 mg/kg bw. Rats were also given [2-14C]IQ in the diet at ... 300 ppm for 2 days and after administration of unlabelled IQ (300 ppm) in the diet for approximately 6.5 wk for an additional 2 days. In the initial 48 hr following oral administration of 20 or 40 mg [2-14C]IQ/kg body weight, about 40-50% radioactivity was recovered in the urine, and about 30-38% radioactivity was recovered in the feces. In the initial 72 hr following consumption of [2-14C]IQ (300 ppm) in the diet about 26% /of the/ radioactivity was recovered in the urine and about 61% /of the/ radioactivity was recovered in the feces. Following cannulation of the bile ducts, rats administered a single dose of [2-14C]IQ (40 mg/kg bw) by oral gavage excreted about 15% of the administered dose in the bile over a period of 2 days. Urine from rats given [2-14C]IQ contained three main polar metabolites that included a glucuronide, a sulfate ester and IQ sulfamate, and a number of less polar metabolites that included IQ, 2-acetylamino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-aminoimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline and 2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one (7-OH-IQ). Administration of [2-14C]IQ by oral gavage or in the diet gave the same metabolites, but in different amounts. In the feces of rats given [2-14C] by oral gavage, IQ-sulfamate was the major metabolite in the polar fraction. Non-polar metabolites similar to those found in the urine were also present, but in different amounts. A major, non-polar fecal metabolite, 7-OH-IQ was probably formed as a result of the activity of the intestinal bacterial flora. In rats given a single gavage dose of [2-14C]IQ, excretion of metabolites was higher in the urine and lower in the feces compared with that in animals fed [2-14C]IQ in the diet. One polar metabolite present in the urine, IQ-sulfamate (39%), was found at considerably higher levels in rats dosed orally with IQ compared with those fed IQ (less than 6%). Thus, IQ is extensively metabolized to give a number of polar and non-polar metabolites, the amounts of which depend, in part, on the mode of dosing.|Mixed and pure cultures of human intestinal anaerobic bacteria metabolized IQ to IQ-7-one.|Constituents of feed may play a role in the metabolism of IQ. Dietary fibers can bind IQ in vitro, and a high-fat diet increased the capacity of rat liver microsomes to activate IQ.|N-Hydroxy-IQ can be esterified by O-acetyltransferase, sulfotransferase and prolyl-tRNA synthetase but at much lower rates than aromatic amines. N-Acetylation of IQ may not be important for DNA binding. Human liver microsomes could activate IQ into a DNA-reactive species. The isozyme involved was tentatively identified as CYP IA2 (p450 IA2). The same enzyme was shown to be responsible for the formation of N-hydroxy-IQ in human hepatic cytosols. Human liver and colon cytosols catalysed the formation of N-hydroxylated IQ into a DNA-binding form, but N-acetylation was not observed under the same conditions. DNA-binding products were also found in human mammary epithelial cells cultured in the presence of IQ. In human fetal liver tissue, cytochrome p450 HFLa was the main activating enzyme of IQ.|2-Amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-F)quinoline has known human metabolites that include N-Hydroxy-2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (N-Hydroxy-IQ).

The contribution of oxidative stress, different types of DNA damage and expression of DNA repair enzymes in colon and liver mutagenesis induced by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) was investigated in four groups of six Big Blue rats fed diets with 0, 20, 70, and 200 mg IQ/kg for 3 weeks. There were dose-response relationships of DNA adducts ((32)P-postlabeling) and DNA strand breaks (comet assay) in colon and liver tissues, with the highest levels of DNA adducts and strand breaks in the colon. There was dose-dependent induction of mutations in both the colon and the liver, and the same IQ dose produced two-fold more cII mutations in the liver compared with the colon. The IQ-induced mutation spectrum in the colon was not significantly different to that of control rats. The expression of ERCC1 and OGG1 was higher in the colon than liver, and was unaffected by the IQ diet. Investigations of oxidative stress biomarkers produced inconclusive results. ... /The/ results indicate that DNA adducts rather than oxidative stress are responsible for the initiation of IQ-induced carcinogenesis of the liver and colon. A lower frequency of mutations in the colon than in the liver could be related to higher expression of DNA repair enzymes in the former.|In spontaneously formed and in /2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline/ ( IQ)-induced small intestinal and colonic tumors from /C57BL/6J-Min/... mice, the main mechanism for tumor induction was loss of wild-type Apc allele, i.e. loss of heterozygosity (LOH)...|... 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)... inhibits LPS-induced expression of iNOS /(inducible NO synthase)/ gene in RAW 264.7 cells. ...the most likely mechanism that can account for this biological effect involves the negative regulation of NF- B/Rel and p38 kinase pathway.|...Immunosuppression induced by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) might be associated with the down-regulation of PKC and subsequent blockade of the activation of NF- B and AP-1 in the IL-2 gene expression.|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for 2-AMINO-3-METHYLIMIDAZO(4,5-f)QUINOLINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: It may emit potentially toxic fumes when involved in a fire. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo(4,5-f)quinoline

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens