Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate

706.14036

706.14

247-426-5

413M0N3V1G

DTXSID7027887

Liquid

52.6

10.6

Liquid

1.529 g/cm3

584.8°C at 760 mmHg

307.5ºC

1.541

In water, 1.98X10-9 mg/L at 25 deg C (est)

Refrigerator

1.7X10-11 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Henry's Law constant = 3.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

P261, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P313, P363, P391, P501

H317

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Product: Product may be burned in an incinerator equipped with afterburner and scrubber. Excess and expired materials are to be offered to a licensed hazardous material disposal company. Ensure that all Federal and Local regulations regarding the disposal and destruction of this material are followed.Contaminated Packaging: Dispose of as above. Other Considerations: Product is not to be disposed of in sanitary sewers, storm sewers, or landfills.

Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

|Warning|H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P313|Aggregated GHS information provided by 23 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Skin Protection: Gloves should be used when handling this material.|Eye/Face Protection: Safety glasses or safety goggles. All equipment should have been tested and approved under appropriate standards, such as NIOSH (US), CSA (Canada), or EN 166 (EU).|Appropriate Engineering Controls: A laboratory fume hood or other appropriate form of local exhaust ventilation should be used to avoid exposure.|Respiratory Protection: Recommended respirators are NIOSH-approved N95 or CEN-approved FFP2 particulate respirators. These are to be only used as a backup to local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls. If the respirator is the only means of protection, a full-face supplied air respirator must be used.|Body Protection: Fire resistant lab coat or coveralls.

Advice for Firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.|Extinguishing Media Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Accidental Release Measures. Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment and Emergency Procedures: Use recommended personal protective equipment. Prevent the formation of dusts and mists. Adequate ventilation must be provided to ensure dusts or mists are not inhaled. Environmental Precautions: Material should not be allowed to enter the environment. Prevent further spillage or discharge into drains, if safe to do so. Methods and Materials for Containment and Cleaning Up: Contain the spill and then collect using non-combustible absorbent material (such as clay, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite or other appropriate material). Place material in a suitable, sealable container and then dispose according to local/national regulations and guidance.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.|Precautions for Safe Handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Ventilation and proper handling are to be used to prevent the formation of dusts and mists. Normal measures for preventative fire protection. No smoking, eating or drinking around this material. Wash hands after use.|Gloves are to be inspected prior to use. Contaminated gloves are to be removed using proper glove removal technique so that the outer surface of the glove does not contact bare skin. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in compliance with good laboratory practices and local requirements. Gloves used for incidental exposures (splash protection) should be designated as "low chemical resistant" or "waterproof" by EU standard EN 374. Unrated gloves are not recommended. Gloves used for prolonged direct exposure (immersion) should be designated "chemical resistant" as per EN 734 with the resistance codes corresponding to the anticipated use of the material. These recommendations may not apply if the material is mixed with any other chemical, or dissolved into a solution. A risk assessment must be performed to ensure the gloves will still offer acceptable protection.

SEDIMENT: Twenty-four marine sediment samples collected from the East China Sea in the summer of 2011 did not contain bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (detection limit 0.115 ng/g dry weight). Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate was detected in all six river sediment samples (Lingjiang, Oujiang, Qiantang rivers) at 0.531-3.10 ng/g dry weight(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate was detected in high-volume air samples from Lake Victoria at Entebbe, Uganda(1). In 9 samples from 2008 bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate was not detected (<0.07 pg/cu m); in 30 samples from 2009, concentrations were <0.69-33.21 pg/cu m; in 17 samples from 2010, concentrations were <0.69-64.2 pg/cu m(1).|Atmospheric particulate samples collected Jan 2008 to Dec 2010 from 6 sites located in the Great Lakes basin contained bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate at the following concentration ranges(1):[Table#8214]

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate was detected in the indoor dust from 39 Belgium houses, 6 Belgium offices, and 36 day care/primary schools in the West Midlands of the UK at <2-5004, 16-265, <2-6175 ng/g, respectively(1). The geometric mean concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate was 364.7 ng/g and 23.4 ng in 64 paired house dust and hand wipe samples, respectively(2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Bis(2-ethyhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) is a Flame-retardant plasticizer (45% bromine) that finds its main application in PVC coatings. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: It is found in samples of human plasma and breast milk. No metabolites of TBPH were detected in human or rat subcellular fractions. ANIMAL STUDIES: TBPH is present in dust from indoor environments (implying human exposure) and can be metabolized by porcine esterases to Mono-(2-ethyhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBMEHP), which elicited maternal thyrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects and induced mononuclear gonocytes in the fetal testes in a rat model. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Novel brominated flame retardants have the potential to be bioaccumulative and persistent in vivo.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The phaseout of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has prompted the search for appropriate substitutes. These substitutes, referred to as novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), are poorly characterized in terms of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The authors assessed the bioaccumulation potential of 3 non-PBDE brominated flame retardants: 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropylether) (TBBPA-BDBPE), and BZ-54, a mixture of bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate) (BEH-TEBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB). Replicate outdoor aquatic mesocosms were treated individually at concentrations designed to give a maximum load of 500 ng/g of flame retardant in the upper 5 cm of the sediment. Caged fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, 24 fish per replicate) were introduced to each mesocosm and acclimated for 10 days prior to exposure. The exposure period was 42 days, followed by 28 days of depuration after transfer to a control mesocosm, during which physical, reproductive, and biochemical end points were examined. Tissue samples were taken to measure the accumulation, depuration, and biotransformation of NBFRs. Fathead minnows were observed to accumulate, after growth adjustment, BTBPE (16-4203 ng/g lipid) and TBBPA-BDBPE (>1000 ng/g lipid) but with a lack of consistent accumulation observed for EH-TBB and BEH-TEBP. However, limited biologically meaningful or consistent responses were observed in the monitored physical, reproductive, and biochemical parameters. Fathead minnows from each treatment exhibited several brominated transformation products. The /study concludes/ that these NBFRs have the potential to be bioaccumulative and persistent in vivo and, therefore, warrant further study of physiological effects linked to chronic, sublethal responses.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Firemaster 550 and Firemaster BZ-54 are two brominated formulations that are in use as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. Two major components of these mixtures are 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-ethylhexylbenzoate (TBB) and 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (TBPH). Both have been measured in environmental matrices; however, scant toxicological information exists. The present study aimed to determine if these brominated flame-retardant formulations are bioavailable and adversely affect DNA integrity in fish. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were orally exposed to either FM 550, FM BZ54, or the nonbrominated form of TBPH, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) for 56 days and depurated (e.g., fed clean food) for 22 days. At several time points, liver and blood cells were collected and assessed for DNA damage. Homogenized fish tissues were extracted and analyzed on day 0 and day 56 to determine the residue of TBB and TBPH and the appearance of any metabolites using gas chromatography-electron-capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS). Significant increases (p<0.05) in DNA strand breaks from liver cells (but not blood cells) were observed during the exposure period compared with controls, although during depuration these levels returned to control. Both parent compounds, TBB and TBPH, were detected in tissues at approximately 1% of daily dosage along with brominated metabolites. The present study provides evidence for accumulation, metabolism, and genotoxicity of these new formulation flame retardants in fish and highlights the potential adverse effects of TBB- and TBPH-formulated fire retardants to aquatic species.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate's production and use as a plasticizer in polyvinylchloride, neoprene and electrical coatings, and as an ingredient in Firemaster 550 and BZ54 used in polyurethane foam products(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8.8X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.7X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2014).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8.8X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). This was verified in field studies, where adsorbed bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate had dissipation half-lives of 25 and >200 days in suspended solids and sediment, respectively(3). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using a structure estimation method(2), the calculated hydrolysis half-lives of bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate at pH values of 7 and 8 are 30 and 3 days, respectively(2). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 13(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 11.95(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate did not bioconcentrate in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque) in an outdoor mesocosm(6). Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate was reported to photodegrade in water to form a tribromo anhydride(3). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2014).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.7X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). A reported aqueous photodegradation product of bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is a tribromo anhydride(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.7 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(3); this corresponds to half-lives of 30 and 3 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(3).

An estimated BCF of 13 was calculated in fish for bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 11.95 and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque) were exposed to bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate for 42 days (followed by 28 days depuration) in outdoor mesocosm ponds. The compound was detected in fish only on day 7 of the 70-day experiment and only in fish from one pond, indicating that it does not bioconcentrate(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate can be estimated to be 8.8X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is expected to be immobile in soil. In a field study, the dissipation half-lives in suspended solids and sediment were reported as 25 and >200 days (actual estimated half-life in sediment based on data was 1330-17,280 days), respectively(3).

The Henry's Law constant for bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is estimated as 3.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(2). Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.7X10-11 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate was detected at unreported concentrations in cod liver oil supplements purchased via the internet; bottle stated that it was Norwegian cod liver oil(1).

ENVIRONMENTAL: ... Several emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs) including 2-ethyl-1-hexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)-indane (OBIND), and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in paired human maternal serum (n = 102) and breast milk (n = 105) collected in 2008-2009 in the Sherbrooke region in Canada, /were examined/. Three legacy BFRs were also included in the study for comparison: decabromobiphenyl (BB-209), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ethers (BDE-153). TBB, BB-153, and BDE-153 had detection frequencies greater than 55% in both serum and milk samples. Their lipid weight (lw) adjusted median concentrations (ng g(-1) lw) in serum and milk were 1.6 and 0.41 for TBB, 0.48 and 0.31 for BB-153, and 1.5 and 4.4 for BDE-153, respectively. The detection frequencies for the other BFRs measured in serum and milk were 16.7% and 32.4% for TBPH, 3.9% and 0.0% for BTBPE, 2.0% and 0.0% for BB-209, 9.8% and 1.0% for OBIND, and 5.9% and 8.6% for DBDPE. The ratio of TBB over the sum of TBB and TBPH (fTBB) in serum (0.23) was lower than that in milk (0.46), indicating TBB has a larger tendency than TBPH to be redistributed from blood to milk. Overall, these data confirm the presence of non-PBDE BFRs in humans, and the need to better understand their sources, routes of exposure, and potential human health effects.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is 100-999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|Occupational exposure to bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate. (SRC)

Non-working adults, working adults and toddlers were exposed to bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate via high dust ingestion at 0.01, 0.02 and 0.40 ng/kg bw/day, respectively(1).|/ ... Several emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs) including 2-ethyl-1-hexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)-indane (OBIND), and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in paired human maternal serum (n = 102) and breast milk (n = 105) collected in 2008-2009 in the Sherbrooke region in Canada, /were examined/. Three legacy BFRs were also included in the study for comparison: decabromobiphenyl (BB-209), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ethers (BDE-153). TBB, BB-153, and BDE-153 had detection frequencies greater than 55% in both serum and milk samples. Their lipid weight (lw) adjusted median concentrations (ng g(-1) lw) in serum and milk were 1.6 and 0.41 for TBB, 0.48 and 0.31 for BB-153, and 1.5 and 4.4 for BDE-153, respectively. The detection frequencies for the other BFRs measured in serum and milk were 16.7% and 32.4% for TBPH, 3.9% and 0.0% for BTBPE, 2.0% and 0.0% for BB-209, 9.8% and 1.0% for OBIND, and 5.9% and 8.6% for DBDPE. The ratio of TBB over the sum of TBB and TBPH (fTBB) in serum (0.23) was lower than that in milk (0.46), indicating TBB has a larger tendency than TBPH to be redistributed from blood to milk. Overall, these data confirm the presence of non-PBDE BFRs in humans, and the need to better understand their sources, routes of exposure, and potential human health effects.

The authors assessed the bioaccumulation potential of 3 non-PBDE brominated flame retardants: 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropylether) (TBBPA-BDBPE), and BZ-54, a mixture of bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate) (BEH-TEBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB). Replicate outdoor aquatic mesocosms were treated individually at concentrations designed to give a maximum load of 500 ng/g of flame retardant in the upper 5 cm of the sediment. Caged fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, 24 fish per replicate) were introduced to each mesocosm and acclimated for 10 days prior to exposure. The exposure period was 42 days, followed by 28 days of depuration after transfer to a control mesocosm, during which physical, reproductive, and biochemical end points were examined. Tissue samples were taken to measure the accumulation, depuration, and biotransformation of NBFRs. Fathead minnows were observed to accumulate, after growth adjustment, BTBPE (16-4203 ng/g lipid) and TBBPA-BDBPE (>1000 ng/g lipid) but with a lack of consistent accumulation observed for EH-TBB and BEH-TEBP. However, limited biologically meaningful or consistent responses were observed in the monitored physical, reproductive, and biochemical parameters. Fathead minnows from each treatment exhibited several brominated transformation products. The /study concludes/ that these NBFRs have the potential to be bioaccumulative and persistent in vivo and, therefore, warrant further study of physiological effects linked to chronic, sublethal responses.

Due to the phaseout of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, new chemicals, such as 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), have been used as replacements in some commercial flame retardant mixtures. Both chemicals have been detected in indoor dust at concentrations approaching the concentrations of PBDEs; however, little is known about their fate, metabolism, or toxicity. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential metabolism of these two brominated flame retardants in human and rat tissues by conducting in vitro experiments with liver and intestinal subcellular fractions. In all the experiments, TBB was consistently metabolized to 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) via cleavage of the 2-ethylhexyl chain without requiring any added cofactors. TBBA was also formed in purified porcine carboxylesterase but at a much faster rate of 6.29 +/- 0.58 nmol/min mg/protein. The estimated K(m) and V(max) values for TBB metabolism in human microsomes were 11.1 +/- 3.9 uM and 0.644 +/- 0.144 nmol/min mg/protein, respectively. A similar K(m) of 9.3 +/- 2.2 uM was calculated for porcine carboxylesterase, indicating similar enzyme specificity. While the rapid formation of TBBA may reduce the bioaccumulation potential of TBB in mammals and may be useful as a biomarker of TBB exposure, the toxicity of this brominated benzoic acid is unknown and may be a concern based on its structural similarity to other toxic pollutants. In contrast to TBB, no metabolites of TBPH were detected in human or rat subcellular fractions. However, a metabolic product of TBPH, mono(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBMEHP), was formed in purified porcine carboxylesterase at an approximate rate of 1.08 pmol/min mg/protein. No phase II metabolites of TBBA or TBMEHP were observed. More research is needed to understand the in vivo toxicokinetics and health effects of these compounds given their current ubiquitous presence in most US households and the resulting probability of chronic exposure, particularly to young children.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate

Firemaster 550: 35% 2-ethylhexyl tetrabromobenzoate/15% bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate/50% aromatic phosphate esters; Firemaster BZ54: 70% 2-ethylhexyl tetrabromobenzoate/30% bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate; DP45: 100% bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-, 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester: ACTIVE