Clofencet

278.692

278.69

603-312-0

Q4N3YI429F

DTXSID5043978

Solid fawn-colored powder

70

-2.2 @ 25 deg C

1.44 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

269 °C

443.4±55.0 °C(Predicted)

221.9±31.5 °C

1.629

In water, 700,000 mg/l, temperature not specified

less than 1.0X10-7 mm Hg @ 25 deg C

LD50 in rats (mg/kg/day): 3306 orally; >5000 dermally (U.S. EPA)

No obvious odor

pKa = 2.83 @ 20 °C

Stable at 54 °C for 14 days

P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, P501

H319

|Warning|H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 89 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Clofencet's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a plant growth regulator(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 11 to 4360, experimentally determined in 18 different soils(2), indicate that clofencet can have a full range of mobility in soil ranging from very mobile to immobile(SRC). The pKa of clofencet is 2.83(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(4). Batch equilibrium studies suggest that clofencet is very mobile in sand, loamy sand, and silt loam soils(3). Clofencet has a potential to leach into ground water or reach surface waters by runoff(3). Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of <5.24X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, <1.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(3), and water solubility, 700,000 mg/l(3). In soil photolysis studies(3), clofencet was stable, with 74-81% parent compound remaining after 30-32 days. In an aerobic soil metabolism study(1), 70% of parent clofencet remained after one year, with an extrapolated half-life of approximately 2 to 2.5 years(1). In an anaerobic soil metabolism study(3), 87% of parent clofencet remained after one year.|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 11 to 4360, experimentally determined in 18 different soils(2), indicate that clofencet adsorption to suspended solids and sediment can be either very weak or very strong(SRC). The pKa of clofencet is 2.83(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(5) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of <5.24X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, <1.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(3), and water solubility, 700,000 mg/l(3). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from a log Kow of -2.2(3), and a regression-derived equation(7) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Clofencet is stable to hydrolysis in sterile aqueous pH 5, 7, and 9 buffered solutions(3). Clofencet is moderately persistent to aqueous photolysis, with degradation half-lives increasing with pH(3). Results of aquatic metabolism studies suggest that clofencet will be persistent in surface water(3).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), clofencet, which has a vapor pressure of <1.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), may exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase clofencet is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase clofencet may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Clofencet is stable to hydrolysis in sterile aqueous pH 5, 7, and 9 buffered solutions(1). Clofencet was moderately persistent to aqueous photolysis, with degradation half-lives increasing with pH(1). In soil photolysis studies(1), clofencet was stable, with 74-81% parent compound remaining after 30-32 days.|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of clofencet with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated for clofencet (SRC), using an experimental log Kow of -2.2(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Batch equilibrium studies suggest that clofencet is very mobile in sand, loamy sand, and silt loam soils(1). Clofencet is expected to be in the anionic form in most soil environments(1); pKa is 2.83(1). Adsorption will be strongly influenced by pH (greater at low pH values where the free-acid form exists) and the pH-dependent anionic exchange capacity of soil colloids, which is typically low at the natural pH of most soils(1). Clofencet has a high potential to leach into ground water or reach surface waters by runoff(1).|Sorption coefficients (Kd) were determined for clofencet in 18 Cambisol and Ferrasol soils from France, Brazil and New Caledonia(1); Kd values ranged from 0.3-9.4 l/kg for Cambisols and 2.1-68 l/kg for Ferrasols(1); sorption was related to pH and various soil properties(1). Based on organic content, which ranged from 1.1-10.4%(1), the Koc values of the 10 Cambisols (water pHs of 6.3-8.3) are calculated to range from 11 to 850 (average of 175)(SRC). Based on organic content, which ranged from 0.3-9.3%(1), the Koc values of the 8 Ferrasols (water pHs of 4.6-7.2) are calculated to range from 23 to 4360 (average of 1350)(SRC). The wide range of sorption is due to clofencet's anionic acid form in soils (although a proportion of the neutral form may be present in most acid soils)(1); the sorption mechanisms are known to be different for the anionic and neutral forms of acids(1); in general (but not always), the Koc values increase with decreasing pH(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), the Koc values from the Cambisol and Ferrasol soil study(1) suggests that clofencet can have a full range of mobility in soil ranging from very mobile to immobile(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for clofencet is estimated as less than 5.24X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, <1.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 700,000 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that clofencet is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Clofencet is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure or from moist soil surfaces based on its estimated Henry's law constant(SRC).

Occupational exposure to clofencet may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where clofencet is produced or used. (SRC)

2-4-(chlorophenyl)-3-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-5-oxopyridazine-4-carboxylic acid

It is estimated that at maximum market saturation, clofencet will be applied to less than 300,000 acres of the total US wheat acreage (less than or equal to 0.5%). Initial use is projected on 12,000 acres or 0.02% of the total US wheat acreage.

91.0% solid technical powder; 23.1% water soluble concentrate manufacturing use; 22.4% water soluble concentrate end-use (2 lb active ingredient per gallon)

Agrochemicals -> Plant Growth Regulators