Arsenic acid (H3AsO4), copper(2+) salt (2:3), chromated

409.38

408.66752

DTXSID8040351

6.1(a)

2759

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|There are also hazardous waste regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) that apply specifically to wastes generated at facilities where wood preservatives are used to treat wood. ... One of the hazardous waste listings (Hazardous Waste Number F035) can be found in the hazardous waste regulations at 40 CFR 261.31, and reads as follows: F035 - Wastewaters (except those that have not come in contact with process contaminants), process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use inorganic preservatives containing arsenic or chromium. ... Because chromated arsenical preservative is an "inorganic preservative containing arsenic or chromium," wastes generated from its use fall within the scope of this hazardous waste listing. Thus, wood treaters using chromated arsenical preservatives would be hazardous waste generators (with respect to any in-scope wastewaters, process residuals, preservative drippage, etc. that are generated) and would be subject to the applicable requirements under RCRA Subtitle C, for example, notification of hazardous waste activity, obtaining an EPA Identification number, use of a hazardous waste manifest for off-site shipments of waste, and most significantly, the use and maintenance of a drip pad as described in 40 CFR 262.34(a)(1)(iii) and part 265, subpart W.|Reuse treated wood to the extent possible. Do not dispose of CCA-treated wood remnants or sawdust in compost heaps, wood chips, or mulch as chemicals from the preservative may enter the food chain Dispose of construction wastes or material removed from service in accordance with local regulations.|Several alternative methods for the disposal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste have been ... reviewed and compared ... . Alternative disposal methods include: recycling and recovery, chemical extraction, bioremediation, electrodialytic remediation and thermal destruction. Thermochemical conversion processes are evaluated in detail based on experiments with model compounds as well as experimental and modeling work with CCA treated wood. The latter category includes: determination of the percentage of arsenic volatilized during thermal conversion of CCA treated wood, identification of the mechanisms responsible for arsenic release, modeling of high temperature equilibrium chemistry involved when CCA treated wood is burned, overview of options available for arsenic capture, characterization of ash resulting from (co-)combustion of CCA treated wood, concerns about polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/F) formation. Finally, the most appropriate thermochemical disposal technology is identified on short term (co-incineration) and on long term (low-temperature pyrolysis or high-temperature gasification).|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Chromated Arsenicals EPA 739-R-08-006 (September 2008). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of November 4, 2014: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

Wear gloves and long sleeves when handling treated wood. Wear dust mask, eye protection, gloves and long sleeves when sawing, sanding, shaping or otherwise|When sawing, sanding, and machining treated wood, wear a dust mask ... When power-sawing and machining, wear goggles to protect eyes from flying particles. Wear gloves when working with the wood.

Never burn treated wood. Arsenic and chromium may be released into the environment as part of the smoke or remain in the ashes.|The ... experiment was conducted as a preliminary step toward one-step solvent extraction of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood. ... The ... results suggest that the extraction of CCA elements using a combination of oxalic acid and acidic sodium oxalate solution is a promising basis for application to a one-step extraction method.

Do not use CCA-treated wood where: direct food contact is possible (for example, cutting boards, counter tops, beehives); the chemicals in the preservative may enter the food chain (for example, animal feed storage, silos, water troughs, compost bins, mulch); or the chemicals in the preservative may come into contact with public drinking water (for example, well or reservoir covers), except for uses involving incidental contact such as docks and bridges.|Only purchase CCA-treated wood that is visibly clean and free of surface residues, as these may contain dislodgeable toxic chemicals.|Wear gloves and long sleeves when handling treated wood. Wear dust mask, eye protection, gloves and long sleeves when sawing, sanding, shaping or otherwise machining treated wood to avoid skin contact with or inhalation of sawdust. Where possible, cut or otherwise work with treated wood out-of-doors.|Wash hands after working with the wood, and before eating, drinking, or smoking.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

F035; Wastewaters (except those that have not come into contact with process contaminants), process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use inorganic preservatives containing arsenic or chromium. This listing does not include K001 bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewater from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol.[40 CFR 261.31 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of January 27, 2015: http://www.ecfr.gov]

F035; Wastewaters (except those that have not come into contact with process contaminants), process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use inorganic preservatives containing arsenic or chromium. This listing does not include K001 bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewater from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol.

After six simulated rainfall episodes on CCA-treated wood decking that was coated with different types of water repellent wax finish, arsenic, chromium and copper were found to have leached from the wood. Average amounts leached from: wood treated with 1% wax and no UV exposure - 5.00 mg As, 1.97 mg Cr, 3.94 mg Cu; 3% wax and no UV exposure - 4.32 mg As, 2.20 mg Cr, 3.70 mg Cu; 3% wax with UV exposure - 23.17 mg As, 10.13 mg Cr, 16.39 mg Cu; 5% wax with no UV exposure - 3.79 mg As, 1.91 mg Cr, 3.36 mg Cu; no finish and no UV exposure - 18.67 mg As, 5.84 mg Cr, 9.57 mg Cu; no finish with UV exposure - 53.58 mg As, 17.47 mg Cr, 30.79 mg Cu(1).|In a modeling study designed to simulate the chemical and biological activity of construction and demolition debris landfill containing a realistic quantity of CCA-treated wood (approximately 10%), it was shown that copper concentrations in leachate were not elevated. Concentrations of chromium and arsenic increased markedly, indicating that CCA-treated wood in construction debris can affect leachate quality and therefore landfill management practices(1).|In 18-hour batch leaching tests using wood pressure-treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), the leached concentration of Cr, Cu and As ranged from 2 to 10 mg/L, with arsenic and copper leaching more from the wood relative to chromium(1).

SOIL: Total arsenic content in soils (<300 um) collected near CCA-treated utility poles from 4 sites near Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 2004, had concentration ranges (mean) of 37.4-251 mg/kg (169 mg/kg); total As content in soils (<2 mm) ranged from 77-200 mg/kg (148 mg/kg)(1). Soil samples collected in Connecticut directly under CCA-treated roadside barriers, 80 cm from the barriers, and 3-10 m from the barriers (as background samples) detected the following mean (range) concentrations, respectively: 80 (13-291), 16 (9-31), and 20 (7-53) mg/kg copper; 38 (13-117), 15 (9-21), and 15 (8-41) mg/kg chromium; 67 (7-228), 2.1 (0.9-7.8), 1.4 (0.6-2.2) mg/kg dry weight of arsenic(2).|SOIL: Sand and soil samples from playgrounds containing structures constructed of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood resulted in median concentrations of chromium of 1.8 mg/kg in CCA playgrounds as opposed to 1.3 mg/kg in non-CCA playgrounds(1). /Chromium/|SOIL: CCA-treated lumber was used to construct raised garden beds. The highest average arsenic concentrations found in soil closest (0-2 cm) to the CCA-treated wood were 56 and 46 ug/g in loamy sand and sandy loam soils, respectively. At a distance of 30-35 cm from the CCA-treated wood, arsenic concentrations were approx 7 ug/g in both soils. All samples were of the top 0-15 cm of soil. Elevated arsenic concentrations were found in surface (0-5 cm) soils immediately surrounding, within the first 0.3 m, of utility poles, fences, and decks made with CCA-treated wood. Increased concentrations of arsenic were also observed under CCA-treated bridges. Arsenic levels were near background levels at 1.8-3 m from the bridge's perimeter. Soils below and around play structures constructed from CCA-treated wood in the City of Toronto, Canada were sampled and analyzed for inorganic arsenic. A mean arsenic concentration of 2.1 ug/g (range 0.5-10 ug/g) was reported in soil samples taken within 1 m of the CCA-treated wood for all play structures. Soil samples that were collected 10 m from the play structures served as a background had arsenic concentartion of 2.4 ug/g (range 0.5-13 ug/g). A mean arsenic concentration of 6.2 ug/g (range 0.5-47.5 ug/g) was reported in soil samples taken below CCA-treated wood for all play structures. Of the 217 play structures in the study, 32 had arsenic concentrations under the play structures that exceeded the Canadian federal soil guidelines with arsenic concentartions ranging from 12.4 to 47.5 ug/g(1).|SEDIMENT: Arsenic, copper and chromium were detected in South Carolina surface sediments from creeks with high densities of CCA-treated docks and from nearby reference creeks with no docks, with average concn in the sediments ranging from 14-17, 19-58, and 32-41 ug/g (dry weight), respectively, throughout the study area(1).

Soil properties and arsenic fractionation can influence bioaccessibilty or arsenic in soils near chromated copper arsenate-treated structures. In eight study soils, arsenic bioaccessibility ranged between 17.0 and 46.9%. Arsenic bioaccessibility (in mg/kg) increased when soil particles of greater than 90 um were used(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a chemical wood preservative containing chromium, copper and arsenic. CCA is used in pressure treated wood to protect wood from rotting due to insects and microbial agents. Effective December 31, 2003, no wood treater or manufacturer may treat wood with CCA for residential uses, with certain exceptions. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Itching, burning rashes, neurological symptoms, and breathing problems have been associated with handling unmarked chromated arsenical wood preservatives, including contact with the sap draining from wood treated with chromated arsenical wood preservatives. Two workers were exposed while working with CCA-treated wood. Symptoms reported included headache, nausea, shakiness, and thirst. In another case, pressure treated wood caused a chronic rash that persisted for three years. A 33-year-old man attempted suicide by ingesting an unknown liquid, later identified as a CCA wood preservative, 75 min before his arrival in the emergency department. He was in severe respiratory distress, drooling, tachycardic, and hypotensive. There was an orange color on the palms of both hands. He developed multiple premature atrial contractions and supraventricular tachycardia, and later in the intensive care unit, refractory ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. The patient was declared dead 2.5 hr after his arrival. ANIMAL STUDIES: Exposure to chromium and arsenic induced significant modifications in the redox state of the kidney tissue in mice, evidenced by significant alterations in glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. No alterations were found concerning the activity of catalase. Administration of CCA to mice produced acute tubular necrosis. The findings in mice suggest that CCA has sensitizing activity. In cows CCA poisoning produced diarrhea, weakness, stumbling, and sometimes death. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Field studies demonstrated that green algae growing on CCA Type C treated wood docks would accumulate copper, chromium and arsenic above levels in algae growing on rocks. CCA treatment resulted in an increased arsenic content of bees from those hives. CCA treatments of beehives were associated with winter losses of colonies.

Chromium copper arsenate (CCA) was used for the protection of wood building materials until the restriction by EPA in 2002. During a short period of time 14-24hr, a comparative nephrotoxicity study was performed regarding the effects of CCA and its compounds per se. Histopathological and histochemical features were correlated with the concentration of the total arsenic and chromium in mice kidney. Animals were subcutaneously injected with CCA (7.2 mg/kg arsenic and 10.2mg/kg chromium per body weight), CrO3 (10.2 mg/kg), As2O5 (7.2 mg/kg) and NaCl (0.9%) per se. The histopathological examination of the renal sections evidenced acute tubular necrosis in the groups of animals exposed to CCA (in both periods of time). Although the same contents of pentavalent arsenic and hexavalent chromium were injected in treated animals with CCA and with the prepared solutions of As2O5 and CrO3, the arsenic concentration on kidneys of CCA-exposed animals was much higher than those in animals exposed to As2O5 (32- and 28-fold higher at 14 and 24 hr, respectively). However, the elimination of chromium seems to occur similarly in the kidneys of animals treated with CCA and CrO(3) per se. Interactions among the components of CCA result in a marked decrease of the ability of kidney to eliminate simultaneously both analytes. The nephrotoxicity of CCA was higher than its components per se, evidencing a possible synergetic effect.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Field studies demonstrated that green algae growing on CCA Type C treated wood docks would accumulate copper, chromium and arsenic above levels in algae growing on rocks. The levels of metals accumulated by epibiota growing on treated wood decreased with the age of the structure. Snails fed algae that had been growing on CCA treated wood docks displayed the same symptoms as snails exposed to leachates and died. Similarly, carnivorous snails fed oyster tissue collected from a CCA wood dock showed reduced growth.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to examine the uptake of Cu, Cr, and As leached from southern yellow pine (SYP) treated with chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA-C), as well as effects on mortality and growth, in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Mussels were exposed to CCA-C-treated wood at a preservative retention of 40 kg/cu m and control (nontreated) SYP in laboratory flow-through sea table and field exposure experiments for 9 months in 1994 and 3 months in 1995. Mussels were sampled at regular intervals to evaluate possible short- and long-term exposure effects. Individual mussels were measured to determine the length, dry weight, and condition index. Mussel tissues were then analyzed for Cu, Cr, and As. Results showed few significant differences in condition index, dry weight, and length between CCA-C-exposed and control mussels. In addition, no statistically significant differences in mortality were found between the mussels exposed to CCA-C-treated and nontreated SYP in the laboratory flow-through sea table and field exposure experiments. Significant differences in Cu, As, and Cr contents in mussel tissues between treatments were few, and generally cannot be attributed to exposure to CCA-C-treated SYP. The lack of Cu, Cr, and As uptake from CCA-C-treated SYP was attributed to the low, although continuous, rate of release of these elements from CCA-C-treated wood and to the experimental design, which allowed continuous flushing, prohibiting the accumulation of these elements in the water surrounding the mussels.|/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Wood preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) was mixed with artificial rainwater, to generate leachates containing As, Cr and Cu. Then, leachates were applied to two soils at rates of 13-169 mg As/kg soil (dry weight basis), 12-151 mg Cr/kg and 10-216 mg Cu/kg. Metal bioavailability was evaluated after 28 days using the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny). Metal concentrations in earthworm tissue ranged from negligible to 80 mg As/kg (dry weight basis), 89 mg Cr/kg and 90 mg Cu/kg, which appeared to be non-lethal to E. fetida. There was less Cu available to earthworms in the Courval soil (pH 7.8) than the Chateauguay soil (pH 6.8), but earthworm growth and reproduction were not affected by exposure to Cu from ACQ-treated wood. In contrast, earthworms exposed to As, Cr and Cu from the CCA-treated wood gained weight more quickly in the Courval soil (1.3-21 mg/g) initial biomass days) than in the Chateauguay soil (0.2-7.8 mg/g per day), but fewer than 20% of the cocoons deposited by the faster-growing earthworms hatched by the end of the 56 days ecotoxicology test. It appeared that E. fetida can allocate more energy to growth than reproduction, delaying cocoon development and hatching in some situations...|/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ ... Samples from old wood impregnation plants contained high amounts of As, Cu, Cr and Zn, which originated from chromated copper arsenate, ammoniacal copper-zinc arsenate, and ammoniacal copper quaternary compound. Total As concentrations of the heavily contaminated samples varied from 752 to 4340 mg/kg, Cu concentrations from 339 to 2330 mg/kg, Cr concentrations from 367 to 2,140 mg/kg and Zn concentrations from 79 to 966 mg/kg. The extractabilities of metals differed according to soil type, extractant and element. Cu and Zn were proposed to cause the highest toxicity in the water extracts of the soils. Ecotoxicity tests displayed rather high differences in sensitivity both for water extracts and for solid soil samples. Reproduction of Enchytraeus sp. was the most sensitive and seed germination of Lactuca sativa the least sensitive ... .|For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

CCA is predominantly used to pressure treat lumber that is intended for outdoor use when constructing a variety of residential landscape and building structures, as well as home, school, and community playground equipment. Children may potentially be exposed to the pesticide residues remaining on the surfaces of the treated wood structures as well as the residues leached into the surrounding soil.

Chromated copper arsenate's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a wood preservative specified only for commercial pressure treatment applications(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Treated lumber products have included decks, playsets, picnic tables, landscaping timbers, residential fencing, patios, and walkways/boardwalks. Nationwide, approximately 70% of single family homes have existing pressure-treated decks and porches, and approximately 14% of public playground equipment is constructed with treated wood. There is potential for exposure from existing aged treated wood structures(2). Chromated arsenical formulations intended for use in wood treatment are EPA Restricted Use Pesticides. Effective December 31, 2003, no wood treater or manufacturer may treat wood with CCA for residential uses, with certain exceptions(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Field and laboratory studies have demonstrated that under certain circumstances copper, arsenic, and/or chromium can leach from treated wood into the surrounding soil or water(1). In general, most leaching takes place in the first few days and the extent and rate of leaching being highest for copper and lowest for chromium(1). Available field and laboratory studies suggest that leaching of metals is highly variable and is dependent on environmental conditions(1). In most cases, after migration of the metals a few meters down into soil, these metals attain the background level concentration of soil(1). Using a field study in Dartmoor, Victoria, Australia, it was shown that both the quantity of chromated copper arsenate added to a fine sandy loam soil (organic matter of about 1-2%) and the pH of irrigation water will influence chromated copper arsenate transport(2). This suggests the acidic rainfall or large accidental spillage will increase the risk of groundwater pollution(2). Adsorption of arsenic and copper is much greater than chromium(2). Chromium is released into water and soil as trivalent chromium, but the concentration of trivalent chromium is the lowest of the three metals, partly attributed to the fixation process in the wood structure(1). Arsenic is leached into soil and water as pentavalent arsenic(1). Because metals tend to attain background level concentrations in soil and water and because the metals tend to change forms (speciate), it is often difficult to identify the source(s) of the contamination in water and soil(1).|AQUATIC FATE: A Dutch study with CCA-treated timber in an aquatic environment found that, by decreasing water temperature, significantly less leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic was observed; increasing acidity of the leaching water mainly enhanced the release of copper, whereas chromium and arsenic showed a max leaching tendency at neutral pH(2). Chromium and arsenic in water exist as hydrated species (coordinated with water), hydroxy species, bound to inorganic anions like FeF6(-3), bonded to organic ligands to form metal complexes or as organometallics (containing C-Metal bonds)(2).

Using a sandy soil, a soil column leaching study found that pulses of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) applied as irrigation water resulted in strong absorption of both As and Cu, but Cr was mobile(1); therefore, As and Cu are expected to remain at the top of the soil profile with only a small portion appearing in the leachate(1); lower pH can dramatically increase the leaching of Cu(1). Studies on sorption into soils from utility poles, have shown that the release of metals into soils/sediments from the base of treated wood, decks or utility poles or from the pressure treatment facilities, do not show a high degree of migration, either to groundwater or to the surface(2).

GROUNDWATER: Sampling of groundwater collected from wells drilled at five sites in Quebec Canada in 1998 where chromated copper arsenate treated utility pole had been placed detected maximum Cu, Cr, Cr(VI) and As levels of 0.01, 0.017, <0.02 and 0.06 mg/L respectively(1).

Crops grown in both /loamy sand and sandy loam/ soil types within 0-2 cm of the CCA-treated wood contained higher concentrations of arsenic, 0.186 and 10.894 ug/g for carrots without peel and bean leaves and stems, respectively, than those grown at 1.5 m from the CCA-treated wood, 0.006 and 0.682 ug/g for bean pods and bean leaves and stems, respectively. However, based on FDA guidelines on tolerance limits, these crops would be considered approved for human consumption(1).

Occupational exposure to chromated copper arsenate (CCA) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with these compounds at workplaces where chromated copper arsenate is produced or used(SRC). Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to chromated copper arsenate via inhalation of ambient air in the vicinity of treated products and dermal contact with consumer products containing chromated copper arsenate(SRC). Nationwide, approximately 70% of single family homes have existing pressure-treated decks and porches, and approximately 14% of public playground equipment is constructed with treated wood. There is potential for exposure from existing aged treated wood structures as well as to the residues leached into the surrounding soil(1).|Small amounts of arsenic can be transferred from CCA-treated wood to skin from touching CCA-treated wood surfaces(1).|Samples of wood, soil, and mulch, as well as synthetic wipes from the hands of children aged 12-72 months, were sampled for total arsenic in Miami, FL at residential playgrounds. In non-CCA-treated playgrounds vs. CCA-treated playgrounds, respectively, wood arsenic was <2.0 mg/kg vs. mean arsenic 2370 mg/kg (range 1440-3270 mg/kg); soil arsenic was <3.0 mg/kg vs. mean arsenic of 19 mg/kg (range 4.0-42 mg/kg); mulch arsenic at one non-CCA-treated playground was 0.4 mg/kg vs. two CCA-treated playgrounds of 0.6 and 69 mg/kg; arsenic removed using a synthetic wipe at non-CCA-treated playgrounds was <0.5 ug, while mean arsenic from CCA-treated wood was 117 ug (range 1.0-313). The arsenic mass from hand rinses from children who played at non-CCA-treated playgrounds was <0.2 ug, while the mean arsenic mass was 0.6 ug (range <0.2-1.9) at CCA-treated playgrounds. Mean urinary total arsenic levels were 13.6 pg/mL (range 7.2-23.1 pg/mL) for all children evaluated, but there was no association between access to CCA playgrounds and urinary arsenic levels(1).|... the dislodgeable arsenic levels from CCA-treated play structures in Edmonton, Canada were assessed in maximum hand and wipe loadings

Children playing on a playground constructed of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood resulted in median concentrations of chromium of 688 ng on the hands of 63 children who played in CCA playgrounds as opposed to 492 ng on the hands of 64 children who played in non-CCA playgrounds(1). /Chromium/|Inorganic arsenic and chromium were detected in urine samples from potentially exposed people who worked at timber companies in the UK, potentially using CCA preservatives, in four 6-month collection rounds, with mean concentrations of 25.46 and 2.40 umol/mol, respectively(1). Mean urinary total arsenic levels were 13.6 pg/ml (range 7.2-23.1 pg/ml) for all children evaluated in a residential playground study in Miami, FL, but there was no association between access to CCA playgrounds and urinary arsenic levels(2).

Recently, instead of using the radio-labeled mass balance approach, by using a chemical analysis approach ... the dermal absorption of CCA-treated wood residues and arsenic-containing soil in the rhesus monkey /were measured/, and observed that dermal absorption of arsenic both from CCA-treated wood surface residue and arsenic containing soil were much lower (approximately 0.01% for CCA-treated wood residues and 0.5% or less for arsenic containing soil) compared to the results published for arsenic in water.|This study was conducted to evaluate the dermal absorption of arsenic from residues present on the surface of wood preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). ... Two forms of arsenic were administered in this work. The first, arsenic in solution, was applied to the skin of monkeys to calibrate the model against prior absorption research and to serve as the basis of comparison for absorption of arsenic from CCA-treated wood residues. The second substrate was residue that resides on the surface of CCA-treated wood. Results from this research ... show that arsenic is poorly absorbed from CCA-treated wood residues (i.e., does not result in urinary arsenic excretion above background levels).|Arsenic from chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood, widely used in playgrounds and other outdoor equipment, can persist as surface residues on wood. This raises concerns about possible health risks associated with children playing on CCA-treated playgrounds. In a Pilot Study, 11 children (13-71 months) in homes with and without CCA-treated playgrounds were evaluated with post-exposure hand rinses and urine for total arsenic. Samples of wood, soil, and mulch, as well as synthetic wipes, were sampled for total arsenic. In non-CCA-treated playgrounds vs. CCA-treated playgrounds, respectively, wood arsenic was <2.0 mg/kg vs. mean arsenic 2370 mg/kg (range 1440-3270 mg/kg); soil arsenic was <3.0 mg/kg vs. mean arsenic of 19 mg/kg (range 4.0-42 mg/kg); mulch arsenic at one non-CCA-treated playground was 0.4 mg/kg vs. two CCA-treated playgrounds of 0.6 and 69 mg/kg. The arsenic removed using a synthetic wipe at non-CCA-treated playgrounds was <0.5 ug, while mean arsenic from CCA-treated wood was 117 ug (range 1.0-313). The arsenic mass from hand rinses for children who played at non-CCA-treated playgrounds was <0.2 ug, while mean arsenic mass was 0.6 ug (range <0.2-1.9) at CCA-treated playgrounds. Mean urinary total arsenic levels were 13.6 pg/mL (range 7.2-23.1 pg/mL) for all children evaluated, but there was no association between access to CCA-playgrounds and urinary arsenic levels. Arsenic speciation was not performed. This preliminary Pilot Study of CCA-treated wood playgrounds observed dislodgeable arsenic on 11 children's hands after brief periods of play exposure. Future efforts should increase the number of children and the play exposure periods, and incorporate speciation in order to discriminate between various sources of arsenic.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Arsenic and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Treat seizures if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Arsenic and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload and pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Arsenic and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Itching, burning rashes, neurological symptoms, and breathing problems have been associated with handling unmarked chromated arsenical wood preservatives, including contact with the sap draining from wood treated with chromated arsenical wood preservatives. Treated wood has been reported as a potential source of dermal and inhalation exposure leading to dermatitis and development of film on the teeth. "Ruined" nerves in feet and legs believed to be from saw dust and fumes from cutting and routing chromated arsenical wood preservatives treated lumber have also been reported. /Chromated arsenical wood preservatives/|/CASE REPORTS/ Two workers were exposed while working with CCA-treated wood. Dust masks were worn. Symptoms reported included headache, nausea, shakiness, and thirst.|/CASE REPORTS/ ... A construction supervisor reported "ruined" nerves in feet and legs. Believes saw dust and fumes from cutting and routing much CCA-treated lumber are responsible.|/CASE REPORTS/ ... Pressure treated wood caused a chronic rash that persisted for three years. The rash was subsiding when ... the person cut some pieces of CCA-treated wood and the rash returned.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

chromated copper arsenate

Based on EPA proprietary data and public literature, the Agency estimates that approximately 110 million pounds of CCA were used in 2002, although this number is likely less today based on the voluntary use changes implemented in 2003.

There are three formulations of CCA, each containing varying ratios of arsenic pentoxide, chromic acid, and cupric oxide. CCA treatment solutions are typically classified by the American Wood-Preservers' Association (AWPA) as either type A, B, or C, with CCA type C (CCA-C) being the formulation most commonly used for pressure treating dimensional lumber for residential applications. AWPA's P5 Preservative Standard requires CCA-C composition to be 34.0% arsenic pentoxide (As2O5), 47.5% chromic acid (CrO3), and 18.5% cupric oxide (CuO).|Osmose K-33-C (72%): 72% CCA-C (24.5% Arsenic Pentoxide, 13.3% Copper Oxide, 34.2% Chromic Acid) (liquid soluble concentrate) /from table/|Osmose K-33 (60%): 60% CCA-C (20.0% Arsenic Pentoxide, 10.5% Copper Oxide, 29.9% Chromic Acid) (liquid soluble concentrate) /from table/|CCA Type-C Wood Preservative 60%: 60% CCA-C (20.10% Arsenic Pentoxide, 11.4% Copper Oxide, 28.5% Chromic Acid) (liquid soluble concentrate) /from table/|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

On February 12, 2002 the /EPA/ announced a decision by industry to voluntarily phase-out virtually all residential uses of CCA by December 31, 2003, in favor of new alternative wood preservatives. Thereby restricting uses for CCA-treated lumber in residential sites (with certain exceptions for use as structural members in building construction) and retaining use of CCA (and related arsenicals) for predominantly industrial/commercial, non-residential use patterns. On February 22, 2002, the Agency in a Federal Register notice (Federal Register Vol. 67, No 36) announced the receipt of voluntary requests from registrants to cancel certain CCA products and amend other CCA registrations by terminating certain uses pursuant to section 6(f)(1) of FIFRA. Registrants phased out all uses of CCA-products with the exception of the treatment of wood products that fall under the American Wood-Preservers' Association (AWPA) Standards [based on the 2001 and 2002 editions of the AWPA Standards (AWPA 2001,2002)] listed in the text of the approved label amendments. The phase-out of uses affected virtually all residential uses of wood treated with CCA including wood used in play structures, decks, picnic tables, landscaping timbers, gazebos, residential fencing, patios, walkways, boardwalks, etc. In addition, effective May 28, 2003, all non-pressure treatments for arsenical products have been voluntarily cancelled by affected registrants.|Restricted use product for use only by certified pesticide applicators|Effective December 31, 2003, no wood treater or manufacturer may treat wood with CCA for residential uses, with certain exceptions.|Under existing Federal Hazardous Waste Regulations, wastes containing ... arsenic ... are defined as hazardous if a representative sample of that waste leaches arsenic above a certain threshold concentration.|A voluntary ban on the use of CCA (chromated copper arsenate) as a preservative for the pressure treating of lumber now limits its use to non-residential construction. Marine timber, plywood roofing, and utility poles producers will still use CCA-treated timber.