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Adalimumab

pharmaceutical raw materials
Adalimumab structure

Adalimumab 

structure
  • CAS No:

    331731-18-1

  • Formula:

    C6428H9912N1694O1987S46

  • Chemical Name:

    Adalimumab

  • Synonyms:

    Adalimumab;D2E7;Humira;Immunoglobulin G1, anti-(human tumor necrosis factor) (human monoclonal D2E7 heavy chain), disulfide with human monoclonal D2E7 light chain, dimer;Unii-fys6T7F842;LU200134;Adalimumab (anti-TNF-alpha);Unii-fys6T7F842 USP/EP/BP

  • Categories:

    Pharmaceutical Intermediates  >  Bulk Drug Intermediates

Description

Adalimumab is the first fully human neutralizing IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for TNF-alpha and is the third TNF sequestrant marketed. It was launched in US, UK and Germany for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It prevents TNF binding to p55 and p75 cell surface TNF receptors thereby decreasing leukocyte migration and acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and levels of serum IL-6, MMP-1 and MMP-3. Adalimumab was developed starting with a phage-display derived murine antibody, followed by replacement of both heavy and light chains with human forms and further optimization to yield the final humanized form. In receptor binding studies, adalimumab exhibits an IC50between 7.8×10-11and 15.6×10-11M with a Kdof 1×10-10M. It also binds to pro-TNFalpha on cell membranes mediating complement-dependent toxicity and to the Fc receptor mediating antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. In a human-TNF transgenic polyarthritis mouse model, adalimumab was efficacious based upon both clinical and histological readouts. Patients responding inadequately to methotrexate were co-administered methotrexate and adalimumab, which resulted in improved ACR scores in a 52-week study (ACR20: 59%; ACR50: 42%; ACR70; 23%). Radiographic analysis at six months showed decreased progression of structural joint damage (96%>placebo) and that joint-space narrowing stabilizes after six months. Adalimumab has an ED50of 0.3 to 0.5 mg/kg and is dosed subcutaneously once every two weeks (0.8 mL containing 40 mg). The Vdss ranged from 0.063 to 0.76 L/kg consistent with being highly localized within the vasculature. It is slowly cleared with clearance values ranging from 0.18 to 0.27 mL/min and with a terminal half-life of about 12 days. As is the case with other TNF-alpha sequestrants, injection-site irritation is the most common side effect. The risk of developing opportunistic infection, especially tuberculosis, has been noted with TNF sequestrant biologics, which has led to screening of patients to identify those at risk.


Adalimumab was discovered by the collaboration between BASF Bioresearch Corporation and Cambridge Antibody Technology, U.K., itself a collaboration of the government-funded Medical Research Council and three academics, which began in 1993. Initially named D2E7, it was then further manufactured at BASF Bioresearch Corporation, developed by BASF Knoll (BASF Pharma), and ultimately manufactured and marketed by Abbott Laboratories after Abbott's acquisition of BASF Pharma. It is the third TNF inhibitor, after infliximab and etanercept, to be approved in the United States. It is constructed from a fully human monoclonal antibody. Adalimumab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2002 for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis and was granted approval from the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) in September 2003.


ChEBI: Sivelestat is a N-acylglycine and a pivalate ester. It is functionally related to a N-benzoylglycine.

Adalimumab Basic Attributes

434.46288

604-279-5

Colorless to light yellow

Characteristics

Store at -80°C

Safety Information

WGK 2

Adalimumab Use and Manufacturing

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases (monoclonal antibody).

Drug Function and Efficacy

It can specifically bind to TNF and eliminate its biological function by blocking the interaction between TNF and p55 and p75 cell surface TNF receptors. It can also regulate the biological effects mediated or regulated by TNF, including changing the levels of adhesion molecules that play an important role in leukocyte migration (ELAM-1, VCAM-1 and ICAM1, with a half-inhibitory concentration of 0.1-0.2nM). After rheumatoid arthritis patients receive this product for treatment, the levels of acute phase inflammatory reactants (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)) and serum cytokines (L-6) decrease rapidly. The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-3) that cause tissue remodeling and cartilage destruction will also decrease. Patients treated with this product usually experience improvements in hematological indicators of chronic inflammation.

This ingredient has been used in drugs with the following functions (note: it does not mean that the ingredient itself has the following health functions)

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