Calcium silicate

172.23900

171.88200

215-710-8

1401

DTXSID4029648

White powder|White, monoclinic crystals|White or creamy colored free-floating powder [Note: The commercial product is prepared from diatomaceous earth and lime].

3824909990

92.24000

-0.85600

DryPowder

2.9 g/cm³

1540 °C

0.01%

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

0 mmHg (approx)

Noncombustible Solid

pH of aqueous slurry: 8.0-10.0

Colorless, monoclinic crystals; index of refraction: 1.616, 1.629, 1.631; density: 2.5 /Natural wollastonite (beta-calcium metasilicate/

Noncombustible Solid

NONH for all modes of transport

3

R36/37

S22

VV9170000

Xi

Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in covered containers.

Stable.

P261, P264, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, P501

H319

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Materials to avoid: strong oxidizing agents|After prolonged contact with water, solution reverts to soluble calcium salts & amorphous silica.

Calcium silicate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.|Calcium silicate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.|Calcium silicate: Tolerance 2% and 5%. This substance is generally recognized as safe when used at levels not exceeding 2% in table salt and 5% in baking powder in accordance with good manufacturing practice.|Calcium silicate, including synthetic calcium silicate, may be safely used as an anticaking agent in animal feed, provided that the amount of calcium silicate does not exceed 2 percent.|Calcium silicate: Tolerance 2% and 5%. This substance is generally recognized as safe when used at levels not exceeding 2% in table salt and 5% in baking powder in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

IARC; Wollastonite, p.283-305, in IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 68 (1997) Silica, Some Silicates, Coal Dust and para-Aramid Fibrils.

Not combustible.

|Warning|H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 855 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Local exhaust. Protective gloves. Safety spectacles.|Personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles.|(See protection codes)

Nonflammable

The product itself does not burn. Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment. Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Do not let product enter drains. Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes and the respiratory tract.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m. /Total dust/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Respirable fraction/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 10 mg/cu m (total particulate).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 5 mg/cu m (respirable fraction).

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in covered containers.

A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract.

Health effects of the substance have been investigated but none have been found

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

The aim of this work was to compare the influence of amosite-asbestos and wollastonite fibrous dusts combined with cigarette smoke on chosen cytotoxic parameters of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in rats. Fisher 344 rats inhaled wollastonite or amosite fibrous dusts (60 or 30 mg/cu m air) one hour every two days combined with daily breathing of diluted mainstream tobacco smoke (30 mg of TPM/cu m air). The experiment lasted 6 months. After sacrificing the animals bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and the viability and phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages (AM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase activity (in the cell-free BALF), acid phosphatase (ACP) and cathepsin D activity (in cell-free BALF and BAL cell suspension) were examined. Exposure to amosite without tobacco smoke significantly decreased the viability of AM and increased the cathepsin D activity in BAL cells. Exposure to wollastonite significantly increased only the cathepsin D activity in BAL cells. Smoking significantly depressed the phagocytic activity of AM and amplified the amosite-induced increase of lysosomal enzyme activities - especially the activity of cathepsin D in BAL cells.

LD50 Rat male oral > 5,000 mg/kg

/Forms of calcium silicate/ usually occur in hydrated form containing various percentages of water of crystallization. Names of calcium silicate minerals are: afwillite; akermannite; calcium pectolith; centrallasite; crestmoreite; eaklite; foshagite; foshallasite; gjellebaekite; grammite; gyrolite; hillebrandite; larnite; okenite; parawollastonite; pseudo-wollastonite; riversideite; table spate; tobermorite; wollastonite; xonalite; xonotlite.|/Wollastonite is/ a natural calcium silicate found in metamorphic rocks /in/ New York /and/ California.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of calcium silicate is 1,000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 103,864 workers (16,592 of these were female) were potentially exposed to calcium silicate in the US(1).

Calcium Silicate is listed in the OTC Active Ingredient Status Report as an external analgesic and skin protectant.|MEDICATION (VET): ... /IT/ HAS ANTACID & ADSORBENT PROPERTIES SIMILAR TO MAGNESIUM SILICATES.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

The biodurability of various glass fibers, rockwool, and ceramic fibers was examined in rat lungs and compared with natural mineral fibers ... Sized fractions of fibers were instilled intratracheally into Wistar rats ... The half-time of fiber elimination from the lung ranges from about 10 days for wollastonite to more than 300 days for crocidolite. The biodurability of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) is between these values and is dependent on the chemical composition of the fibers and the diameter and length distribution ...

Calcium silicate has been considered as a possible replacement for asbestos due to its heat and fire resistance. The cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of calcium silicate using peripheral human blood lymphocytes is described. Calcium silicates at concn of 10 and 100 ug/ml significantly increased the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges. The increases in chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were dose-dependent, though not linearly. A significant decrease in the proliferation rate index was observed with increased dose of calcium silicates. The induction of chromatid type aberrations indicates that the clastogenic activity of calcium silicate is S-phase-dependent.

(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/CASE REPORTS/ A 23-year-old man was involved in the bagging process of a food additive. The food additive produced a white thin layer of powder that continuously covered the work floor. An antibiotic, carboxymethylcellulose, and Calcium Silicate comprised the food additive. On the third day of working, the patient experienced an itchy eruption on his face, neck, and forearms. The rash was erythematopapular with no vesicles. The redness was not diffuse and patches of erythema and papules were confluent on the neck and forearms. All signs faded the following morning. The rash occurred again when the patient returned to work. Patch tests were performed using the food additive, an antibiotic, carboxymethylcellulose, and Calcium Silicate. All tests were negative and there were no clinical signs of irritation at the test sites. No late reaction was recorded either. A sample of the food additive was examined under the microscope. Analysis revealed sharp-edged particles corresponding to Calcium Silicate. It was determined that the Calcium Silicate dust caused an "airborne irritant contact reaction." The problem was eliminated by increasing the humidity in the workplace and aspirating the air.|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ ... A cohort study of mortality /was conducted/ among 192 male and 46 female workers who had been on the payroll of a Finnish limestone-wollastonite quarry for at least one year. The study covered the period 1923-1980, and the cohort was followed from first employmenet in the quarry. Causes of death were obtained from death certificates, and numbers of observed deaths were compared with those expected from national age- and sex-specific death rates for 1952-1972. By the end of 1980, 79 deaths had occurred in the cohort versus 96 expected. Death was due to malignant neoplasms (all sites combined) for 10 men (15.6 expected) and 2 women (3 expected). When the analysis was restricted to workers with 10 years since first exposure, the mortality rate for cancer at all sites was not increased: 8 observed, 13.2 expected in men; 2 observed, 2.6 expected in women. Mortality from cancer of the lung and bronchus was: 4 observed, 5 expected in men, and none observed, 0.2 expected in women. A rare malignant mesenchymal tumor of the retroperitoneum occurred 30 yr after first exposure in a 73 year old nonsmoking woman who had held various production jobs in the quarry for 16 yr; her occupational history did not reveal any other dust exposure. /It was/ noted that past exposures for the cohort could not be determined in detail and that reliable information on smoking habits was unobtainable. [The Working Group noted that follow-up did not account for a one year minimum from first employment; accordingly, the expected number of deaths was slightly underestimated. The statistical power of this small study to detect a doubling in mortality from lung cancer was only 54% by a one-sided test for significance.]|/SURVEILLANCE/ Forty-nine workers (mean exposure 25 years) in a Finnish limestone-wollastonite mine and mill were examined. Their work histories and symptoms of chronic bronchitis were recorded. The chest radiographs were classified according to the classification of the International Labour Office (1980); a radiographic follow-up from 1981 to 1990 was included. Spirometry and diffusion capacity were measured. Four workers underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Lung tissue specimens were available for 2 workers. Mineral fibers and asbestos bodies were analyzed from the BAL fluid and lung tissue specimens, which were also analyzed for lung fibrosis. RESULTS: Two workers (4%) had small irregular lung opacities (ILO 1/0), 1 worker (2%) ILO 0/1 of the s/t type. HRCT revealed no parenchymal fibrosis in the 2 workers with the ILO 1/0 classification. Of the 9 workers (18%) with pleural plaques, 5 had been exposed to asbestos. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed no association of plaques with the duration of wollastonite or asbestos exposure. Wollastonite fibers or bodies were not found in any of the 4 workers who underwent BAL, nor in either of the workers whose lung tissue specimens were available.|/SURVEILLANCE/ Medical and environmental surveys were conducted at a wollastonite mine and mill in 1976 and in 1982. Health testing included chest radiography, spirometry, and a questionnaire. Workers at a nearby electronics plant were also examined in 1982 for a comparison of lung function and respiratory symptoms. Both wollastonite and control workers showed significant smoking effects for chronic respiratory symptoms, but differences between the groups were not detected. Pneumoconiosis was found in 3% (3/108) of the wollastonite workers in 1982, but none showed a significant progression from their 1976 radiographs. The lung function tests of the 108 wollastonite workers examined in 1982 showed dust related changes in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak flow rate which were independent of age, height, and smoking habit (p < 0.01). For non-smokers alone, only the FEV1/FVC ratio declined significantly with dust-years of exposure (p < 0.01). The comparison of lung function in 1982 between a high dust exposed subgroup of wollastonite workers and the control population showed a significantly lower FEV1/FVC ratio and peak flow rate in the study group (p < 0.05). Analysis of 1976-82 changes in pulmonary function showed that wollastonite workers with higher dust exposure had a significantly greater decline in peak flow over the period than workers with lower exposures (p < 0.01).|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Calcium silicate (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Exposure mainly occurs via inhalation.|inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system

Cough.

No acute symptoms expected.

Redness.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

The FDA reported 132 formulations containing calcium silicate in 1998, of which 30% of the formulations were face powders.|Grades: Fine, medium paint grades. /Wollastonite/|PRECIPITATES OF HYDRATED CALCIUM SILICATES, SILICON DIOXIDE, ETC /ARE AVAILABLE UNDER TRADE NAMES/ SILIKIL, SYLOID. /SILICATES/|Trade names for wollastonite include: Cab-O-Lite; Casiflux; F1; FW50; FW200; FW325; Kemolite; NY AD; Nyad G; NYCOR; Tremin; Vansil; WIC1O; WIC40; Wollastocoat; Wollastokup.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Calcium silicate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Adhesive manufacturing|Silicic acid, calcium salt: ACTIVE|Many different forms of calcium silicate are known. Among most common forms are CaSiO3, Ca2SiO4, and Ca3SiO5. ... Commercial calcium silicate sold for industrial use, such as Micro-cell and Silene, is prepared synthetically to control its absorbing power.|Synthetic wollastonite plays a limited role in the wollastonite industry where purity and performance are required. All known production of synthetic wollastonite is as powder grade.|Wollastonite was named after W.H. Wollaston, an English chemist and mineralogist. Natural wollastonite is an acicular (needle-like) calcium silicate mineral that occurs in triclinic and monoclinic varieties; these varieties are very difficult to distinguish from one another. ... Wollastonite consists of chains of indefinite length containing three Si04 tetrahedra per unit cell. The tetrahedra are joined apex to apex, and one is orientated with an edge parallel to the axis of the chain. These chains are paired; slight offsetting produces the different structural forms of the mineraI. Also within the mineraI structure are calcium atoms, which occur in octahedral coordination and alternate with layers composed of silica atoms between layers of oxygen atoms.|Naturally occurring wollastonite consists almost entirely of alpha-wollastonite. This low temperature form can be converted to the metastable beta-form, pseudowollastonite, by heating to temperatures of about 1120 °C. Pseudowollastonite, however, occurs rarely in pyrometamorphosed rocks. ... Wollastonite occurs in coarse-bladed masses and rarely shows good crystal form. Because of its unique cleavage properties, wollastonite breaks down during crushing and grinding into lath-like or needle-shaped particles (fibers) of varying acicularity. This particle morphology imparts high strength and is therefore of considerable importance in many applications. ... Wollastonite has a theoretical composition of 48.3% CaO and 51.7% Si02, although aluminium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium or sodium may partially substitute for calcium.|Varying proportions of CaO and SiO2

Method: NIOSH 7020, Issue 2; Procedure: flame atomic absorption; Analyte: calcium; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.001 mg/sample. /Calcium and compounds, as Ca/|NIOSH Method: 500. Analyte: Airborne particulate material. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Gravimetric (filter weight). For nuisance dusts this method has an estimated detection limit of 0.2 mg/sample. The precision/RSD is 0.08 mg/sample and the recovery is not determined. Applicability: The working range is 3 to 20 mg/cu m for a 100 liter air sample. Interferences: Organic and volatile particulate matter may be removed by dry ashing. /Airborne particulate material/|NIOSH Method: 600. Analyte: Mass of respirable dust fraction. Matrix: Dust. Procedure: Gravimetric (filter weighing). For glycerin (filter weighing) this method has an estimated detection limit of 0.2 mg/sample. The precision/RSD is 68 ug with 0.01 mg sensitivity balance and the recovery is not determined. Applicability: The method measures the mass concentration of any nonvolatile respirable dust. Interferences: Larger than respirable particles (over 10 um) have been found in some cases by microscopic analysis of cyclone filters. Heavy dust loadings, charged particles, fibers and water-saturated dusts also interfere with the cyclone's size-selective properties. /Mass of respirable dust fraction/|Method 3111-Metals A. Direct Aspiration Atomic Absorption Spectrometry is used for the determination of calcium in water and wastewater. Using air/acetylene as the flame gas at a wavelength of 422.7 nm, the detection limit is 0.0031mg/l, with a sensitivity of 0.08 mg/l, at an optimum concentration range of 0.2-20 mg/l. /Calcium/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for Calcium silicate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Cosmetics -> Absorbent; Bulking; Opacifying; Pearlescent; Viscosity controlling

Food Additives -> ANTICAKING_AGENT;