Sodium aluminate

81.97

82.96900

234-391-6

0566

1819|2812

DTXSID90872314

WHITE GRANULAR MASS|WHITE AMORPHOUS POWDER

34.1

-0.12510

Sodium aluminate, solution is a water solution of the white crystalline powder. Corrosive to metals and tissue.

1.44 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

1650°C

239° F at 760 mm Hg (USCG, 1999)

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.566; 1.595; 1.580

Solubility in water: very good

Combustible ammonia gas is emitted in case of ammonia salt; it is alkaline and corrosive

AQ SOLN IS STRONGLY ALKALINE

HYGROSCOPIC

Sodium aluminate will dissolve in water and produce a strong corrosive alkaline solution. May generate heat when water is added.

Bases, Strong

SODIUM ALUMINATE generates a strong base in water; reacts violently with acids and corrosive to metals. Not compatible with copper, tin, zinc, aluminum, acids, phosphorus, or chlorocarbons.

III

8

UN32608/PG3

35

26-36/37/39-45

BD1600000

C

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from acid and ammonia salt

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H290-H314

Behavior in Fire: Containers may burst when exposed to heat. (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible.

|Danger|H290 (62.76%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]|P234, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P390, P404, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 145 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H271 (16.76%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P210, P220, P221, P234, P260, P264, P280, P283, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P310, P321, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P390, P404, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 353 companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)|In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Full, impervious chemical protective clothing and gloves, goggles, and approved respirator. (USCG, 1999)

AQ WASTE SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SODIUM ALUMINATE ARE ACIDIFIED WITH SULFURIC ACID & TREATED WITH A WEAKLY BASIC CMPD (PH 7-11) TO IMPROVE PPT & FILTERABILITY OF ALUMINUM CMPD.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Sodium aluminate, solid; Sodium aluminate, solution/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Sodium aluminate, solid; Sodium aluminate, solution/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Sodium aluminate, solid; Sodium aluminate, solution/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Sodium aluminate, solid; Sodium aluminate, solution/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM ALUMINATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

STRONG IRRITANT TO TISSUE.|/Aluminum powder/ may cause minor irritation to lungs & eyes. /Aluminum powder, uncoated/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m. /Aluminum, metal as Al, total dust/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Aluminum metal, as Al, respirable fraction/|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 2 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Aluminum, soluble salts & alkyls, as Al/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Separated from food and feedstuffs and acids. Dry.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Medical observation is indicated.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

In a case study of patients on long-term dialysis, systemic aluminum absorption with concurrent oral citrate (as an alkalinizing agent) and aluminum containing phosphate binder (eg, aluminum hydroxide or carbonate) was significantly increased. Based on the proposed mechanism and pharmacologic similarity, an interaction may be expected to occur between citric acid and other aluminum salts (eg, aluminum phosphate, aluminum glycinate, attapulgite, dihydroxyaluminum, kaolin, magaldrate). It has been shown that following concurrent administration of citric acid (from lemon juice) and aluminum hydroxide there is an increase in serum levels of a nonionized aluminum citrate complex, which is postulated to easily pass the gastrointestinal barrier. Simultaneous administration of citric acid and aluminum hydroxide should be avoided since significant systemic absorption of aluminum may occur. This may be of additional concern in patients on long-term dialysis or with impaired renal function. /Aluminum salts/|... 25 Dialysis patients that experienced accidental exposure to aluminum and parathyroid hormone /were examined/. At the same time as parathyroid hormone decreased, serum calcium increased. Based on this observation it has been suggested that aluminum is incorporated, instead of calcium, into the bone and that this leads to the osteomalacia characteristic of aluminum induced bone disease. Instead of being incorporated into osteoid bone tissue, calcium returns to the circulation which in turn inhibits the parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroid. In support of this hypothesis, ... a strong correlation /was found/ between bone aluminum content and the amount of bone occupied by unmineralized osteoid in humans. Experimental support for the hypothesis of calcium aluminum interactions has also been provided in studies on chicks. /Aluminum/|Groups of 120 Atlantic salmon fry (Salmo salar, 1 g mass) were kept in through flow tanks of water (pH 5) containing various concn of aluminum and silicic acid. The aluminum concn in all but the control tank (0.85 umol aluminum/l) were 6-7 umol/l, at acutely toxic levels. Silicon levels were 0.66 umol/l (control), 93.06, 24.89, 5.46, and 0.60 umol/l, corresponding to silicon:aluminum ratios of 13.0, 3.7, 0.9, and 0.1. Exchangeable aluminum, ie, aluminum retained on Amberlite, was 6.00, 5.00, 4.11, and 1.52 umol/l in test tanks, respectively. Fish were exposed for 96 hr, and the proportion of dead fish was recorded at 12 hr intervals. The whole experiment was run three times; data are from all runs combined. At a silicon:aluminum ratio of 13, acute toxicity of aluminum was eliminated and gill structures of the fish were normal. Percent survival versus time was higher for the higher silicon:aluminum ratio groups. Accumulation of aluminum by fish fell sharply as the exchangeable aluminum increased. Aluminum and silicon levels in fish were 0.44 and 0.01 (control), 0.40 and 0.54 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 13), 2.04 and 0.35 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 3.7), 2.49 and 0.33 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 0.9), 2.38 and 0.08 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 0.1) umol/g dry mass, respectively. /Aluminum/

ACTIVITIES OF MAN INCR ALUMINUM CONTENT IN SURFACE WATER ... .

AQUATIC FATE: The adsorption of aluminum by fine particulates was studied in Whitray Beck, a hill stream in England. ... Uptake of aluminum by the particles increased with total aluminum , with pH, and with particle concentration, although the fraction of aluminum bound at a given pH and particle concentration decreased with total aluminum ... . /Total aluminum/|TERRESTRIAL FATE: Air dried, <2 mm fractions of 3 soil samples from The Netherlands and 1 from New Hampshire, were taken from the surface and subsurface horizons of two podzols (Haplorthods) and of a recent driftsand (Udipsamment). Duplicate samples of each emulsion soil horizon were leached ... with aqueous hydrogen chloride (pH 3.0). ... Charge balances of the leachates indicate that dissolved aluminum is present mainly as aquo-aluminum +3. Only in leachates of podzol Bhs horizons is a significant fraction (20-30%) of dissolved aluminum organically complexed. Dissolved aluminum concn are significantly correlated with the organic (tetrasodium pyrophosphate extractable) aluminum content of the soil sample. Mobility of aluminum in the Hubbard Brook soils is significantly lower than in the Dutch soils, because of higher soil solution pH values. /Aluminum cmpd/|TERRESTRIAL FATE: Albic and spodic soil horizons were sampled from old growth eastern white pine/mixed northern hardwoods. Adirondacks, and an ochric soil horizon was sampled from the Appalachian plateau of NY State. 21 Three horizon forest floor and 21 forest floor/mineral soil (field moist equivalent of 12.0 oven dry albic, spodic, or ochric mineral soil) columns were leached in triplicate with either 10 uM nitric acid (pH 5), 5 uM sulfuric acid (pH 5), 100 uM nitric acid (pH 4), 50 uM sulfuric acid (pH 4), 1000 uM nitric acid (pH 3), 500 uM sulfuric acid (pH 3), or distilled, deionized water (pH 5.7) control treatment). Nitric acid leached more aluminum than did sulfuric acid from forest floor/spodic soil columns. Increasing the nitric acid concn from pH 3-5 increased total aluminum concn in leachates from 0.70 to 0.85 mM, while increasing sulfuric acid had no effect. Addition of pH 3 sulfuric acid to forest floor/spodic columns raised leachate pH relative to pH 3 nitric acid and controls, and resulted in the lowest aluminum concn of all treatments in the first 3 of 4 sequential leachings. /Aluminum/|TERRESTRIAL FATE: Albic and spodic soil horizons were sampled from old growth eastern white pine/mixed northern hardwoods sites in the Adirondacks, and an ochric soil horizon was sampled from the Appalachian Plateau of NY State. 9 Three horizon forest floo, 9 mineral soil (field moist equivalent of 12.0 oven dry albic, spodic, or ochric mineral soil) and 9 forest floor/mineral soil columns were leached with 60 ml of (a) 10 mM ammonium nitrate (control), (b) 1.0 mM nitric acid in 10 mM ammonium nitrate (pH 3), and (c) 1.0 mM ammonium nitrate (pH 3) at the rate of 10 ml/h. The above procedure was repeated on each mineral soil without a forest floor, except leaching soln were 0.5 mM calcium nitrate or calcium sulfate, each in 10 mM ammonium nitrate. Adding 2 and 0.5 cmol sub c (H+)/kg to forest floor and mineral soils, respectively, simulated snowmelt additions. Total aluminum concn in leachates from forest floor/albic or forest floor/ochric columns were greater than the sum of concn in leachates from the forest floor and mineral horizon when leached separately. This positive synergistic behavior of the forest floor-mineral horizon sequences was also observed in the forest floor-spodic horizon sequence when leached with control soln, but the synergism was negative for both labile and non-labile aluminum when leached with the acids. Sulfuric acid leached less aluminum from the spodic horizon than did nitric acid, regardless of the presence of a forest floor, but nitric acid, sulfuric acid , and control soln leached similar concn of aluminum from the albic and ochric horizons. The forest floor effects on the mineral soil leachates were attributed to effects of calcium, sulfate, nitrate, and dissolved organic C leached from the forest floor to the mineral horizon since forest floor removed nearly all added H+. /Aluminum/

DRINKING WATER: A survey of aluminum concn in drinking water of 12 West European countries showed that concn were less than the European Economic Community maximum acceptable concn of 0.2 mg/l. In the United Kingdom, the Northumbrian Water Authority produced water with 0.12 mg/l aluminum in alum using plants and 0.07 mg/l in non-alum using plants. The North West Water Authority's levels were 0.09 and 0.07 mg/l, not statistically different among alum users and non-alum users. The Yorkshire Water Authority product was higher than the European Economic Community limit in 5 of 6 annual means (highest, 0.73 mg/l); some of the high values were attributed to raw water quality fluctuations and inadequate alum dosing control. Thames Water Authority water was well within European Economic Community limits. In the Federal Republic of Germany mean aluminum concn reported were <0.001 to 0.062 mg/l. Mean aluminum concn in water from four regional Italian works were below the European Economic Community maximum acceptable concn in all cases. Sweden's results were among the lowest for all European alum treated potable water plants. In Switzerland Aluminum values were generally below the European Economic Community maximum acceptable concn; however, this country uses a guideline of 0.05 mg/l. Waters treated with polyaluminum chloride had lower aluminum concentrations than those treated with alum. Results from France, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway indicated low aluminum levels. Results from Belgium indicate decreasing levels of aluminum since the implementation of a limit of 0.1 mg/l in 1984. /Aluminum/|DRINKING WATER: Thirty seven brands of domestic and imported mineral waters were analyzed for aluminum content by inductively coupled atomic plasma spectrophotometry. Only five of the waters tested had aluminum concn greater than detection limit of 5.1 ug/l, ie, Aqui, Health Valley, Knjazmilos, Vichy Celestins, and Vichy St Yorre Royal. Only the Vichy St Yorre Royal, for which one sample contained 305 ug Aluminum/l, exceeded the 200 ug/l European Economic Community maximum and WHO guideline for Aluminum in drinking water. For 2 others, the European Economic Community guideline of 50 ug/l was exceeded for one of the two samples tested. /Aluminum/|The solute and particulate aluminum chemistry of a relatively unpolluted snowfall associated with a maritime airmass was measured by neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma analysis (soluble fraction) and neutron activation analysis (particulate material), to characterize background conditions for the Scottish Highlands. Aluminum concentrations were compared to those found in a polluted black snowfall with a trajectory that originated over eastern Europe and to those levels found in seasonal snowpack. The variability of the concentration of solute and the chemical composition of particulate material is reported on an intra and intersite basis. The solute aluminum content of Scottish snowfall in the intersite survey was 19.2 ug/l, and in the intra-site survey 52.2 ug/l. The aluminum composition of particulate matter found within Scottish snow was 20,600 ppm in the intersite survey, and 21,100 ppm in the intrasite survey. For the black snow, the solute aluminum content was 84 + or - 3 ug/l, and the aluminum composition of particulate matter was 52,300 ppm. The mean concentration of aluminum in seasonal snowpack was 27,200 ppm. /Aluminum solute & particulate/

INTAKE OF ALUMINUM IS CHIEFLY BY MOUTH, FROM FOODS AND BEVERAGES, ALSO BY LUNGS, FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC DUST CONTENT. IT IS PRESENT IN NATURAL DIET, IN AMT VARYING FROM VERY LOW IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS TO RELATIVELY HIGH IN PLANTS. /ALUMINUM/

A body burden of 100 mg/70 kg man with a daily dietary intake of approximately 36 mg. ... The total body burden of aluminum in humans can be estimated to range from 60-100 mg. /Aluminum/|THE NORMAL BLOOD LEVEL OF ALUMINUM IS 17 UG AL/100 ML AND MOST SOFT TISSUES CONTAIN BETWEEN 0.2 AND 0.6 PPM. HUMAN BODY BURDEN OF ALUMINUM IS 50 TO 150 MG & IS APPARENTLY UNAFFECTED BY EITHER NORMAL DAILY INTAKE LEVELS ESTIMATED TO BE APPROXIMATELY 10 TO 100 MG OR CONSIDERABLY HIGHER DOSES. /ALUMINUM/|Aluminum content of normal human brain ranged from 0.1-3.9 ug/g dry weight. In a study of 208 samples taken from 7 patients, ... a mean aluminum content of 1.9 + or - 0.07 ug/g dry weight of gray matter /was found/ to be abnormal. In a study of 585 areas sampled from the brain tissue of 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease they found 28% had an aluminum concn > 4 ug/g. The range of the 585 samples was 0.4-107 ug/g. /Aluminum/

No specific treatment /for fluoride poisoning/ exists at present. There is no known way to mobilize fluoride from bone. Tolerance to fluoride can be increased by a balanced intake of ... . Aluminum salts, calcium carbonate, and defluorinated phosphate can be administered orally to form insoluble compounds with fluoride in the gut. ... /Aluminum salts/|EXPTL THERAPY: An in vitro oil/water (octanol/phosphate free aqueous buffer) system was used to determine solubilization of aluminum from aluminum borate as hydrophilic or lipophilic complexes and the potential chelation ability of 12 aluminum chelators: trisodium citrate, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid), cyclohexane-1,2-diaminotetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, desferrioxamine, ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid), tetracycline, EDTA, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,4-dioxane, and sodium fluoride. To determine if the results apply to a biological system the potential chelators were tested in New Zealand white rabbits for their ability to increase urinary aluminum excretion in aluminum loaded animals. In vitro tests used two concentrations of each chelator with a zero concentration control and each chelator was tested 3 times for solubilization. For in vivo tests the rabbits were loaded with 20 sc injections of 600 umol aluminum/kg/injection over 4 wk. Two wk after aluminum loading, chelators were given at 2 doses. Both doses of each chelator were tested in 4 rabbits except when lethality was expected. Urine was collected using an 8 French pediatric foley catheter into the bladder, and urinary excretion was stimulated by infusion of 25 ml/hr saline in an ear vein. Chelator solution was given intragastrically in 10 ml/kg water, and 6 rabbits received only sterile water as a control. It was shown in vitro that sodium fluoride, EDTA, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,4-dioxane, and tetracycline were significantly less (p< 0.01) effective than desferrioxamine for chelating aluminum, and these compounds had no effect on urinary output of Aluminum. Trisodium citrate, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid, cyclohexane-1,2-diaminotetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid), and desferrioxamine were 55 to 109% efficient in solubilizing Aluminum. Of the compounds tested, only desferrioxamine and ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) increased urinary output, 4 and 2.6 times, respectively, of aluminum when compared to the control. /Aluminum borate/

Aluminum salts may cause phosphorus depletion which is generally negligible. However, with prolonged administration or large doses, hypophosphatemia may occur, especially in patients with inadequate dietary intake of phosphorus; hypercalciuria secondary to bone resorption and increased intestinal absorption of calcium results. This phosphorus depletion syndrome is characterized by anorexia, malaise, and muscle weakness, and prolonged aluminum antacid therapy may cause urinary calculi, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. A low phosphorus diet, diarrhea, excessive phosphorus losses from malabsorption, and restoration of renal function after a kidney transplant increase the likelihood of the syndrome. Serum phosphate concentrations should be monitored at monthly or bimonthly intervals in patients on maintenance hemodialysis who are receiving chronic aluminum antacid therapy. /Aluminum salts/

It was calculated that a dialysate aluminum concn of 0.2-1.0 mg/l (a concn readily found in many water supplies) would result in the direct transfer of aluminum into the blood of 3-16 mg for each dialysis treatment or 42-211 mg/mo. /Aluminum/|A given oral dose of aluminum results in significantly higher serum and tissue levels of the metal in nephrectomized rats than in intact controls in spite of the fact that only minimal amounts of aluminum are normally excreted in the urine. /Aluminum/|It was found that 70-90% of total aluminum bound to plasma proteins (60-70% to a high molecular weight protein and 10-20% to albumin while only 10-30% was unbound). This high affinity of aluminum for plasma proteins strongly suggests high levels of binding of aluminum to a variety of tissue proteins. /Aluminum/|It was shown that the uptake of aluminum into the blood during renal dialysis was due to the extensive binding of aluminum to plasma proteins leaving very little aluminum in the non-bound state in plasma. Thus, the plasma proteins served as a trap for accumulating the metal. It was shown that the component of plasma protein that binds aluminum is saturable. Consistent with this ... is the fact that, during dialysis with aluminum containing dialysate, plasma aluminum levels reach a plateau. /Aluminum/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SODIUM ALUMINATE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The mean plasma half-life of aluminum after iv admin in dogs is approx 4.5 hr. /Aluminum/|The shorter half-life for the urinary elimination of aluminum was about 8 hr. /Aluminum/

Material is caustic. Irritates skin, eyes, and gastrointestinal tract, causing redness of skin and eyes, burning sensation of mucous membranes. (USCG, 1999)|Corrosives

Get medical attention. EYES: Flush with water for 15 min., lifting lids occasionally. SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush with water and neutralize with weak vinegar. INGESTION: Dilute by drinking water or milk. Neutralize by drinking fruit juice. Do not induce vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

TREATMENT: TO RELIEVE THE GI DISTRESS /CAUSED BY SWALLOWING ALUMINUM SALTS/... THE DEGREE OF DEHYDRATION & ELECTROLYTE LOSS CAUSED BY VOMITING & DIARRHEA MUST BE DETERMINED, & CORRECTED BY IV INFUSIONS OF APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS. /ALUMINUM SALTS/|DIAGNOSIS: WHEN HISTORY IS UNATTAINABLE, DIAGNOSIS DEPENDS ON THE DEMONSTRATION OF LARGE AMT OF ALUMINUM IN VOMITUS, STOMACH CONTENTS OR FECES. /ALUMINUM CMPD/|Deferoxamine has been used to treat dialysis encephalopathy and osteomalacia with symptomatic relief reported. The use of deferoxamine for aluminum toxic dialysis patients has been suggested for serum levels of aluminum between 100 and 200 ug/ml. Deferoxamine also has been used to diagnose aluminum related osteodystrophy. After a deferoxamine infusion of 40 mg/kg over 2 hours, an increment in plasma aluminum concentration of 200 ug/l identified 35 of 37 patients with biopsy-proven aluminum related osteodystrophy (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 50%). Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid does not appear as effective as deferoxamine in chelating aluminum. Especially in dialysis patients, aluminum containing medications should be reduced. /Aluminum/

(SOLUTION) TOXIC; STRONG IRRITANT TO TISSUE.|IT IS KNOWN TO HAVE CAUSED INJURIES OF EYES SIMILAR TO THOSE CAUSED BY SODIUM HYDROXIDE. THE INJURIOUSNESS OF SOLUTIONS OF SODIUM ALUMINATE ARE PROPORTIONAL TO THEIR ALKALINITY.|Patients who had died with dialysis encephalopathy syndrome had brain gray matter aluminum levels that were 3 times higher (approximately 12 mg/kg dry weight) than those seen in patients who had been comparably dialyzed but did not have dialysis encephalopathy syndrome (approximately 4 mg/kg dry weight). Both of these groups were markedly higher than the 1 mg/kg dry weight level seen in controls. These data clearly indicate elevated brain levels of aluminum in dialyzed patients and emphasize the fact that only the highest levels of brain aluminum are associated with dialysis encephalopathy syndrome. /Aluminum/|X ray spectrometric evidence of aluminum accumulation in neurofibrillary tangle bearing neurons of human brains was reported. Quite in contrast to the extensive literature on aluminum in dialysis encephalopathy syndrome, there appears to be only a small amount of additional corroborating evidence for elevated brain levels of aluminum in Alzheimer's disease patients. ... Much of the argument for a role of aluminum in Alzheimer's disease has been built on the fact that in experimental animals, such as cat and rabbit, intracerebral injections of small amounts of aluminum result in neural degeneration which is characterized by the development of neurofibrillary tangles. ... Aluminum induced tangles in experimental animals are composed of single 10 nm filaments while those from Alzheimer's disease are paired, helically wound filaments. ... In spite of the apparent similarities in the two types of tangles, there are sufficient differences to warrant caution in interpreting that the tangles in humans are caused by aluminum as they are in experimental animals. /Aluminum/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM ALUMINATE (25 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

sodium aluminate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Sore throat. Cough. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

GRADES: TECHNICAL; REAGENT; ALSO 27 DEG BAUME SOLUTION.

Sodium aluminate normally contains an excess of sodium hydroxide or soda ash to maintain a sufficiently high pH to prevent aluminum hydroxide precipitation prior to its addition ... as a coagulant /in municipal water treatment/.|THE SUPPLY IN SOILS IS ABUNDANT. SOME ACID SOILS CONTAIN SUFFICIENT ALUMINUM IN SOLUTION FORM TO KILL CERTAIN PLANTS. /ALUMINUM/

NIOSH Method 173. Analyte: Sodium. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Atomic absorption spectrometry. Samples are treated with nitric acid to ash the organic matrix and to dissolve the metal present in the sample. The analysis is subsequently made by atomic absorption spectrometry. The relative standard deviation of the method is 3 percent. This method has the sensitivity of 0.015 ug/ml, detection limit of 0.0002 ug/ml for the range of 0.5-5.0 ug/ml to 21-210 ug/cu m. /Sodium/|Method 325B: Flame Emission Photometric Method. Trace amounts of sodium can be determined by flame emission photometry at a wavelength of 589 nm. The intensity of light is measured by a phototube potentiometer or other appropriate circuit. The intensity of light at 589 nm is approximately proportional to the concentration of the element. The calibration curve may be linear but has a tendency to level off at high concentrations. Flame photometers operating on the internal standard principle may require adding a standard lithium solution to each working standard and sample. The optimum lithium concentration may vary among individual instruments; therefore, ascertain it for the instrument. A synthetic sample containing 19.9 mg Sodium/l, 108 mg Calcium/l, 82 mg Magnesium/l, 3.1 mg Potassium/l, 241 mg Chlorine (-)/l, 0.25 mg NO2 -N/l, 1.1 mg NO3-N/l, 259 mg SO4 (2-)/l, and 42.5 mg total alkalinity/l was analyzed in 35 laboratories by the flame photometric method, with a relative standard deviation of 17.3% and a relative error of 4.0%. /Sodium/|Method 325A: Atomic absorption spectrometric method. Sodium concentrations in natural waters vary from less than 1 mg/l to greater than 500 mg/l. This method for sodium showed a detection limit of 0.002 mg/l, and sensitivity of 0.015 mg/l, in the optimum concentration range of 0.1-2 mg/l. Measurements are made at a wavelength of 589.0 nm. /Sodium/|Determination in air: Atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. /Aluminum and its cmpd/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM ALUMINATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH Method 8310. Urine samples containing aluminum and its compounds are analyzed using Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy at a wavelength of 308.2 nm. Sample preparation includes addition of a polydithiocarbamate resin, filtration, ashing, and dissolution with concentrated nitric/concentrated perchloric acid (4:1 v/v). This method has a detection limit of 0.1 ug/sample and a relative standard deviation of 0.088 over a range of 0.25 to 200 ug/sample with a recovery of 100%. /Aluminum/|Procedures for aluminum determination in body fluids by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace are described. Topics covered include sample preparation, applicable specifications, and possible difficulties which can arise. /Aluminum/|A microanalytical method for the measurement of aluminum in biological samples is presented, which requires 1-500 mg of brain tissues and less than 1 ml of blood, urine, or other aqueous samples. /Aluminum/|A CATION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY PROCEDURE IS OUTLINED FOR THE SIMPLE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF ALUMINUM IN BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL (URINE) EMPLOYING NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS. /ALUMINUM/|Blood and urine aluminum concn were studied in industrially exposed workers using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit was 5 ug/l for aluminum in blood and 3 ug/l for aluminum in urine. /Aluminum/

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