Cobalt dinitrate

182.94

182.908829

231-158-0

65W79BFD5V

1397

1477

DTXSID9064970

Pale red powder|Red crystals

2834291000

126

0.56820

wire

2.49 g/cm³

100-105 °C (decomp)

2900 °C(lit.)

4°C(Toluene)

H2O: soluble

Separated from combustible and reducing substances. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Oral-Rat LD50: 434 mg/kg

Combustible with organic matter, reducing agent, combustible sulfur and phosphorus; combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxides and cobalt-containing fumes

Odorless

pH 4.0 at 100 g/L at 20 °C

Standard enthalpy of formation: -420.5 kJ/mol|Red deliquescent monoclinic crystals; melting point: approximately 55 °C; red liquid becomes green and decomposes to oxide above 74 °C; density 1.88 g/cu cm; very soluble in water, alcohol, and most organic solvents /Cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate/|Mol wt: 291.03; red, monoclinic crystals; density: 1.88 at 25 deg C; MP: 55 °C (loses 3H2O); solubility: 103.8 g/100 cc water at 25 °C; soluble in acetone and ethanol; slightly soluble in ammonia /Cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate/|Oxidizing agent; deliquescent in moist air; soluble in most organic solvents /Cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate/|155 parts by wt (of the formula wt)/100 parts by wt of water at 30 °C /Cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate/|Odorless /Cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate/|Heat of solution: 31 BTU/lb= 17 cal/g= 0.71X10+5 J/kg /Cobaltous nitrate hexahydrate/

Water soluble.

Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Mixtures of metal/nonmetal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures of a nitrate with phosphorus, tin (II) chloride or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick, 1979 p. 108-109].

II

5.1

UN 3264 8/PG 3

3

45-23/24/25-34-51/53-43-40-36/38-52/53-49-60-42/43

53-23-26-36/37/39-45-61-36/37-36

GF8750000

T,N,Xn,Xi

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; lightly loaded and unloaded; stored separately from organic materials, reducing agents, sulfur, phosphorus and flammable materials, food raw materials

Mixed with reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus, etc., heated, impacted, friction can be explosive

P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P281, P285, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P391, P405, P501

H302

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Explosive reaction with ammonium hexacyanoferrate(II) at 220 °C. Potentially explosive reaction with carbon.|Liquids with this reactive group classification have been known to react with /cellulose-based absorbents and expanded polymeric absorbents/.|In contact with easily oxidizable substances it may react rapidly enough to cause ignition, violent combustion, or explosion.

HHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Cobalt 486 pp PB2004-10733 (April 2004)[Available from, as of March 28, 2017: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp]

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fire. Behavior in Fire: May increase the intensity of fire (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with combustible substances.

|Danger|H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P201, P202, P261, P272, P273, P280, P281, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P308+P313, P321, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P391, P405, and P501|H272 (36.8%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P201, P202, P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P285, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P321, P330, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 481 companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P281, P285, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P391, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P281, P285, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P310, P312, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Following product recovery, flush area with water. (ERG, 2016)

Bu. Mines approved respirator; rubber gloves; safety goggles; protective clothing (USCG, 1999)|AVOID ALL CONTACT! Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Safety goggles, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Isolation and Evacuation: ... If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, isolate for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.|Small fire: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. /Carbon dioxide/ or Halon may provide limited control.|Large fire: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.|Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.|Use water spray. ...Wear goggles and self-contained breathing apparatus. Flood discharge area with water.

Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.|Will increase the intensity of a fire. Poisonous gases may be produced in fire.

Isolation and Evacuation: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Large spill: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, isolate for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.|Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.|Small dry spill: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.|Small liquid spill: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.|For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Cobaltous nitrate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Employers should institute programs that emphasize good personal hygiene to prevent skin and respiratory irritation caused by cobalt containing dusts. After working with cobalt products, workers should thoroughly wash their hands and face before drinking, eating, or smoking. If skin contact with cobalt solutions occurs, the worker should wash the affected skin promptly. The employer should provide showers if workers have substantial contact with cobalt. These workers should be encouraged to wash or shower after each workshift. Employers should prohibit smoking or carrying of tobacco products, and should prohibit eating, food handling, or food storage within the work area. /Cobalt and cobalt salts/|General plant maintenance must be conducted regularly to prevent cobalt containing dusts from accumulating in work areas. Cleaning should be performed with vacuum pickup or wet mopping to minimize the amount of dust dispersed into the air. A decontamination room should be available for cleaning equipment that is to receive major overhaul or maintenance. Spills of cobalt-containing material should be promptly cleaned up to minimize inhalation or dermal contact. /Cobalt and cobalt salts/|Special precautions are necessary when workers must enter tanks or vessels, such as reaction vessels containing cobalt catalysts or vessels used to prepare cobalt salts. Before any worker enters a vessel, all sources for transferring cobalt and other materials into or out of the vessel must be blanked to prevent their entry. The vessel interior must then be washed with water and purged with air. After purging the vessel's atmosphere with suitable instruments to ensure that no hazards from fire, explosion, oxygen deficiency, or dust inhalation exist. No one should enter a tank or vessel without first being equipped with an appropriate respirator and a secured lifeline or harness. Mechanical ventilation should be provided continuously when workers are inside the tank. At least one other worker similarly equipped with respiratory protection, lifeline, and harness should watch at all times from outside the vessel. Workers inside the tank must be able to communicate with those persons outside. Other workers must be available to assist in an emergency. Flame- or spark-generating operations, such as welding or cutting, should be performed only when an authorized representative of the employer has signed a permit based on a finding that all necessary safety precautions have been taken. /Cobalt and cobalt salts/

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from combustible substances. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. Ingestion may cause effects on the bone marrow, heart and thyroid. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

NO contact with combustible substances or reducing agents.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Cobaltous nitrate is included on this list.

highly toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Cobalt nitrate forms red crystals, or pale red powder. It is used in manufacture of cobalt pigments and invisible inks; decorating stoneware and porcelain; preparation of catalysts; production of vitamin B12 supplements. Cobalt nitrate is an important source of high-purity cobalt for use in the electronics and related industries. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. Ingestion may cause effects on the bone marrow, heart and thyroid. ANIMAL STUDIES: After four daily injections of 0.03 g cobalt nitrate, the pancreas of guinea pigs showed an increase in number of endocrine islands. The majority of alpha cells were degranulated with nuclei surrounded by a colorless cytoplasm. When animals were allowed to recover after the last injection, islands returned to normal. Cobalt nitrate given to rats sc twice over 24 hr period increased erythropoietic activity of the serum by greater than 3-fold, decreased renal blood flow by 18%, and disrupted metabolism in kidney. Rats exposed to 6.44 mg cobalt/kg/day as cobalt nitrate in the drinking water showed an increased sensitivity and decreased maximal response to a cholinergic agonist.

The median lethal dose (LD50) for subcutaneous administration of cobalt as cobalt-nitrate /to white mice/ was determined to be 34.6 mg/kg. After intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg /dimercaprol/ (BAL), the LD50 of cobalt was 36.7 mg/kg. This difference was statistically significant. In cats and rabbits, the effects of cobalt on blood pressure and respiration rate are eliminated by intramuscular injection of BAL.

LD50 Mouse sc 34.6 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 691 mg/kg /Hexahydrate/|LD Rabbit oral 250 mg/kg|LD Rabbit sc 75 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Cobaltous nitrate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cobaltous nitrate's production and use in the manufacture of pigments, inks, catalysts and vitamin supplements, in decorating porcelain and ceramics(1,2) and as a source for high-purity cobalt in electronics(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).[

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Inorganic cobalt compounds are nonvolatile and released into the atmosphere in particulate form(1). Particulate-phase cobalt compounds are removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Cobalt has been detected in atmospheric deposition(2) and in rain-snow precipitation(3).

Food Chain Concentration Potential of Cobalt Nitrate Hexahydrate: Bioconcentration of 200-1000 fold only under constant exposure. Not significant in spill conditions(1).

Evaporation of cobaltous nitrate at 20 °C is negligible(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of cobaltous nitrate in the United States may be as low as <10 workers and as high as 25-49 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 16,243 workers (4,029 of these are female) are potentially exposed to cobaltous nitrate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to cobaltous nitrate may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cobaltous nitrate is produced or used(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.|The lung retention and respiratory clearance pathway of inhaled cobalt-nitrate (CN) and cobalt-oxide (CO) aerosols labelled with cobalt-57 (Co-57) were investigated in male beagle-dogs. A gamma camera was used to measure lung retention, while lung clearance was assessed by blood and excretion analysis. Physically and chemically uniform Co-57 particles were retained similarly in the lungs, although the retention of CO particles in the 0.3 to 2.7 micron range was greatly dependent on their physicochemical properties. /In dogs/ The primary clearance pathway was dissolution of the inhaled particles. The rate of dissolution was inversely proportional to the diameter of the /cobalt nitrate or oxide/ particle; depending on particle size, particle dissolution half time ranged from 6 to 80 days. After inhalation, most of the Co-57 was identified in the lungs, followed by muscles, bone, and skin. Less than 10 percent of the initial lung burden was present in the lungs of dogs long term, with a biological half life of 400 days. Dogs exposed to CN retained 90 percent of the body burden in the lung as late as 1050 and 1500 days after exposure, while the other dogs retained only 50 to 70 percent of the body burden in the lungs at 350 and 500 days after exposure. The presence of high concentrations of Co-57 in the trachea and upper respiratory tract at the time of death of the animals confirmed the long term retention of cobalt in some tissues.|... Accumulation was found in the liver (29% of dose, 10% kidneys, and 4.6% in the intestines) were found following intracardiac injection of cobalt nitrate in rats.|Following intravenous injection of cobalt nitrate (with a 57Co tracer) in various species of animals, most of the injected dose was excreted in the urine; about 80% of the given dose was excreted in the urine within 21 days.

In experiments on male albino rats after subcutaneous injection of a single toxic dose it was found that cobaltous nitrate (Co(NO3)2 significantly inhibited the hexobarbital-oxidizing enzyme system, Aniline hydroxylase was significantly inhibited by Co(NO3)2. In determination of ethylmorphine demethylase activity Co(NO3)2, significantly inhibited the enzyme activity, /and/ reduced also the microsomal cytochrome P-450 content.

The primary clearance pathway was dissolution of the inhaled particles. The rate of dissolution was inversely proportional to the diameter of the particle; depending on particle size, particle dissolution half time ranged from 6 to 80 days. ... Less than 10 percent of the initial lung burden was present in the lungs of dogs long term, with a biological half life of 400 days.

Inhalation causes shortness of breath and coughing; permanent disability may occur. Ingestion causes pain and vomiting. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: move to fresh air; if breathing has stopped, begin artificial respiration and call a doctor. INGESTION: give large amount of water; induce vomiting; call a doctor. EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min. SKIN: flush with water. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate First Aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out as needed. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (Head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Cobalt and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Cobalt and Related Compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO (to keep open). Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cobalt and Related Compounds/|Call for medical aid. ... If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. ... Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush affected areas with plenty of water.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. Ingestion may cause effects on the bone marrow, heart and thyroid. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans. ...|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In one plant where calcination of cobalt nitrate was carried out the cobalt content of total dust in atmosphere ... was 79 mg/cu m ... no special ill effects /were found/ except for conjunctivitis & upper resp irritation ... .|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The authors tested the effects of known allergens, namely nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, cobalt nitrate and cytotoxic cadmium sulfate on the proteins of cellular contacts (vinculin, talin, E-cadherin, desmoplaktin) and actin cytoskeleton (actin filaments) of cultivated human keratinocytes. The localization of proteins of cellular contacts was detected by means of direct immunofluorescence. The authors have detected a decrease in, and destruction of cellular contact proteins and actin cytoskeleton after testing the effect of all allergens, while the most significant changes were detected in E-cadherin, vunkulin and actin filaments. Desmoplaktin and talin were less damaged. Potassium dichromate caused damage already in concentration of 1 ug/mL. A similar effect of the other two tested haptanes was brought about in concentration being 100-fold higher. The gained results indicate that the investigation of cellular contact proteins and actin cytoskeleton of cultivated human keratinocytes can possibly become a part of the testing of allergy-triggering potential of chemical substances.|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 45 patients with a positive patch test to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and 37 controls were stimulated with various concentrations of CoCl2 and/or cobalt sulfate (CoSO4) or cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2) or cobalt acetate [CH3COO)2Co) for various days in culture. Lymphocytes from 35 of these patients showed a significantly greater response than that of the controls. The response occurred in the T enriched population and was monocyte dependent. The strength of the in vivo serial dilution test results did not correlate well with the height of in vitro responses. Lymphocytes from 3 nickel and/or chromium sensitive patients failed to respond to stimulation with cobalt compounds thus confirming the specificity of the reaction. The DNA synthesis test seems to be a reliable in vitro method to aid in the diagnosis of cobalt sensitivity.

cobalt nitrate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Sore throat. Cough. Shortness of breath.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

ACS reagent grade|Liquid, flake grades; crystal grade; crystal and soln form, technical & reagent|Cobalt Manganese Pink: A pigment obtained by mixing a thin paste of magnesium carbonate with cobalt nitrate soln, drying, and heating.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Nitric acid, cobalt(2+) salt (2:1): ACTIVE