2,3,4,6-Tetrabromophenol

409.69 g/mol

409.70

DTXSID60162597

Needles from alcohol

20.2 Ų

log Kow = 5.07 (est)

113.5 °C

150 °C @ Press: 15 Torr

Very soluble in benzene, ethanol|In water, 1.98 mg/L at 25 °C (est)

6.70X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)

Henry's Law constant = 1.41X10-8 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 5.4 (hydroxyl) (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.36X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use only in a chemical fume hood. Safety shower and eye bath.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

2,3,4,6-Tetrabromophenol was identified in automotive emissions in the range of 0.02 to 0.1 mg/cu m(1). 2,3,4,6-Tetrabromophenol was formed during pyrolysis of flame retardants containing pentabromophenol(2). Fire residues sampled from private residences following accidental fires contained pentabromophenol, though the concentrations were reported as the sum of the various brominated flame retardants(3).

2,3,4,6-Tetrabromophenol's production as a byproduct of combustion(1,2) may result in its release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol is estimated as 5.4(3), indicating that this compound will exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). 2,3,4,6-Tetrabromophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.7X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(6). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2008).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 640(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 5.1(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2008).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 6.7X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C (SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 68 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Structurally similar pentachlorophenol has an absorption maximum of 303 nm(4), suggesting thath 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 68 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2,3,4,6-Tetrabromophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). A structurally similar compound, pentachlorophenol, has been shown to be susceptible to direct photolysis as evidenced by an absorption maximum of 303 nm(3). At pH 7.3, 90% degradation in 10 hours with sunlight was observed for pentachlorophenol(4); therefore, 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 640 was calculated in fish for 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 5.1(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol can be estimated to be 2,000(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil. The pKa of 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol is estimated to be 5.4(3), indicating that this compound will almost entirely exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol is estimated as 1.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,3,4,6-tetrabromopbenol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 2,3,4,6-Tetrabromophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.7X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Exposure to 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol among the general population may be via inhalation of automotive exhaust containing 2,3,4,6-tetrabromophenol and to a lesser via dermal contact with residues following a fire where products containing the flame retardant pentabromophenol have been deployed. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/