Xanthylium, 9-(2,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-3,6-bis(diethylamino)-, chloride, sodium salt (1:1:2)

567.0 g/mol

566.1560383 g/mol

609-396-5

2171G33ODY

0325

Dark powder

95.7 Ų

log Kow = -1.33

In water, 18-22%|Solubility in water: good

pKa = 5.1

Intensely brilliant, blue-red, fluorescent dyes /Rhodamine dyes/|Excit/emit wavelength: 558/583 nm

KH2737000

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Protective gloves. Wear safety spectacles.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.|Use local exhaust or breathing protection. ... Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Rhodamine WT is reported to be a skin and eye irritant.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Rhodamine WT a fluorescent, xanthene dye, has long been used as a hydrologic tracer in surface water systems. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rhodamine WT is reported to be a skin and eye irritant. Mammalian toxicity data available indicated a low to moderate acute injection toxicity in the mouse. Rhodamine WT produced mutations in the Salmonella typhimurium (Ames test), and was a weak inducer of chromosomal effects and DNA damage in cultured mammalian cells. No chromosomal damage or sperm abnormalities were seen in mice treated by intraperitoneal injection. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: There was no aquatic toxicity detected for Rhodamine WT in oyster eggs, silver salmon and Donaldson trout.

LD50 Mouse iv 430 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Because of the toxicity to oyster larvae and eggs of rhodamine B dye in concentrations >1 mg/L in earlier tests, there was a concern that rhodamine WT, a similar tracer dye, would have a detrimental effect on marine life being developed under the aquaculture program of the Lummi Indian Tribe near Bellingham, Wash. Tests showed that 48-hour exposures at 24 °C of 11,000 oyster eggs per liter and 6,000 12-day-old larvae per liter, in sea water with concentrations of rhodamine WT ranging from 1 ug/L to 10 mg/L, resulted in development of the eggs to normal straight-hinge larvae and no abnormalities in the larvae development. Tests made on the smolt of both silver salmon and Donaldson trout, with the fish held for 17.5 hours in a tankfull of sea water with a dye concentration of 10 mg/L at 22 °C showed no mortalities or respiratory problems. With the concentration increased to 375 mg/L, and the time extended an additional 3.2 hours, still no mortalities or abnormalities were noted. The fish remained healthy in dye-free water when last checked a month after the test.

Rhodamine exhibited photolysis half-lives in water under natural sunlight at 30 deg north of 15.3 days (summer, 4.77X10-2/day) and 21.9 days (3.16X10-2/day (winter), respectively(1).

Chemicals that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags. (See all compounds classified as Fluorescent Dyes.)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/|First aid: Inhalation: Fresh air, rest. Skin: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Eyes: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. Ingestion: Rinse mouth.

rhodamine WT

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

Redness.

Rhodamine derivatives have been reported for use in photodynamic diagnosis and treatment

A technique is described for the sensitive and selective determination of Rhodamine WT water tracer. This technique, that is based on the combined application of solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a C18-column and HPLC separation with fluorescence detection for analysis, has important advantages over direct fluorometric techniques. The approach presented in this paper is in essence a zero-background method, so that much lower concentrations of dyes can be measured. The SPE step provides a means to improve the detection limit further. For clean waters detection limits in the sub-ppt region (in the order of 10 pg/L) are easily attainable. In addition the SPE-HPLC procedure does not suffer from the disturbances of environmental circumstances, like pH, salinity, temperature, chlorine concentration and presence of suspended matter and algae, that may interfere with direct fluorometric determinations. The HPLC-based approach appears a rugged and accurate method with a long term repeatability of better than 5%.