Dichlorofluoromethane

102.92300

102.92

200-869-8

7GAO4CRJ0B

1106

1029

DTXSID7052498

Colorless heavy gas|Colorless gas ... [Note: A liquid below 48 degrees F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas]

0

1.71710

Dichlorofluoromethane is a colorless, odorless gas. It is shipped as a liquid under its own vapor pressure. Contact with the liquid may cause frostbite to unprotected skin. It can asphyxiate by displacement of air. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire may cause it to rupture violently and rocket.

1.405 g/cm³ @ Temp: 9 °C

-135 °C

8.9 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

130-132°C/3mm

1.3724 (9C)

0.7 wt % at 30 °C (NIOSH, 1997)

... MATERIALS MUST BE STORED IN PLACES THAT ARE COOL ... PROVIDE ADEQUATE VENTILATION ... FURTHER PRECAUTION IS TO LOCATE ... AREA ... AWAY FROM AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD ... .

1,216 at 11.8 °C (NIOSH, 1997)

3.57

LC 50 (inhalation) for rats 49,900 ppm/4-h (quoted, RTECS, 1985).

Nonflammable Gas

... Slight ether-like odor ...

3.03e-14 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 0.0108 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Dielectric constant: 5.34 @ 28 °C (liq); 1.0070 @ 30 °C, 50.65 kPa (vapor)|Ionization potential: 12.39 eV|Enthalpy of formation at 25 °C: -68.10 kcal/mole (gas); Gibbs (free) energy of formation at 25 °C: -60.77 kcal/mole (gas); entropy at 25 °C: 70.04 cal/deg.mole (gas); heat capacity at 25 °C: 14.58 cal/deg.mole (gas)|Dipole moment: 1.3 debyes (gas)|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Slightly soluble in water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE is incompatible with the following: Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc & magnesium; acid; acid fumes (NIOSH, 2016).

1022 °F (USCG, 1999)|522 °C

-2.3117E+08 J/kmol

12.39 eV

Nonflammable Gas

The gas is heavier than air and may accumulate in lowered spaces causing a deficiency of oxygen.

Liquid Refrigerant 21 will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings

25.2 kJ/mol

Critical temperature: 451.58 K; critical pressure: 5.20 mPa

III

2.2

1029

R59

59

PA8400000

N:Dangerousfortheenvironment;

Fireproof if in building.

/Condition/ contributing to instability: heat.

P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, P501

H280

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

Incompatibilities: Reacts violently with chemically active metals: sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, magnesium, alkali, alkaline earth. Reacts with acids or acid fumes producing highly toxic chlorine and fluorine fumes. Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.|Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc & magnesium; acid; acid fumes.|Dichlorofluoromethane reacts with chemically active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, and magnesium; will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.

[WHO; Environmental Health Criteria 126: Partially Halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons (Methane Derivatives) (1991)]

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes of chlorine and fluorine may be produced in fire. (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]|P410+P403, and P502|Aggregated GHS information provided by 113 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]|P410+P40, and 410+P403|Danger|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin from becoming frozen from contact with the liquid or from contact with vessels containing the liquid. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating. (NIOSH, 2016)|Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite.|Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 100 ppm:[Table#449]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

WEAKLY FLAMMABLE.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If Refrigerant 21 is spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. If the gas is leaking, stop the flow. 3. If the liquid is spilled or leaked, allow to vaporize.

Sufficient exhaust and general ventilation should be provided to keep vapor concentration below recommended levels. /Fluorocarbons/|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid ... should be removed immediately and not reworn until the Refrigerant 21 has evaporated.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.|/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.|/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Refrigerant 21 vapor is respiratory irritant ...|On contact with liquid /dichlorofluoromethane/: frostbite

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1000 ppm (4200 mg/cu m).|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 10 ppm (40 mg/cu m).

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid.

Fireproof if in building.

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

The liquid may cause frostbite. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system at high concentrations. Exposure far above the OEL could cause cardiac dysrhythmia.

The substance may have effects on the liver.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Cold-insulating gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Dichlorofluoromethane was found in gases emanating from a simulated landfill(1); no quantitation was performed; the material in the simulated landfill consisted of municipal refuse and various loadings of municipal wastewater sludge(1). Dichlorofluoromethane was reported in landfill gas at a concentration of 93 mg/cu m(2); the site was a clay pit that received both municipal and industrial solid wastes, and liquid waste were at the sampling point(2). Dichlorofluoromethane was detected in municipal solid waste landfill gas at seven locations in the United Kingdom at concentrations ranging from 1-85 mg/cu m(3).

NASA aircraft measurements of halocarbons over mostly the northeast US and Mexico during 2004-2006 monitoring detected dichlorofluoromethane (concentrations not reported)(1); but based upon the monitoring data, US emissions of dichlorofluoromethane were estimated to be 0.2 Gigagrams/year(1).|RURAL/REMOTE: Based on air measurements made in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, off the coast of Kenya, and at two locations in the Egyptian desert, the background concentration of dichlorofluoromethane ranges between 0 and 1 parts per trillion with excursions up to 5-7 parts per trillion(1). In the desert measurements, where samples were collected three times a day, no significant diurnal fluctuation was noted. Levels of dichlorofluoromethane measured at particularly clean sites in Tasmania, the South Pole and the Pacific Northwest averaged 0.08 parts per trillion(2). Levels at a site in southern England averaged 1.6 parts per trillion(2).

The concentration of dichlorofluoromethane in six samples of municipal solid waste ranged from below detection (detection limit not provided) to 0.89 ppm(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dichlorofluoromethane is a colorless heavy gas that is used as a refrigerant, solvent, propellant and heat-exchange fluid. It is also referred to as CFC-21 but has fewer uses than other chlorofluorocarbons. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Inhalation of dichlorofluoromethane can cause confusion, drowsiness, and unconsciousness; and direct contact with skin can cause frostbite. Limited information was available on the toxicity and exposure to humans. One case study in which dicholorfluoromethane was one of the components of a water-repellent spray that was used in an insufficiently ventilated room by two young people, a 23 year man and his wife aged 21, who were admitted to the hospital with complaints of headache; nausea, dyspnea. Volatiles are frequently abused as inhalants. ANIMAL STUDIES: When administered alone to anesthetized mice at a concentration of 100,000 ppm, CFC-21 induced arrhythmia and sensitized the heart to epinephrine. Tachycardia with hypotension was observed in both monkeys and dogs that were anesthetized and exposed at 50,000-100,000 ppm. Bronchoconstriction was noted at 25,000 ppm. Repeated exposures have produced marked hepatic damage or failure. Ten of ten rats survived exposure at 10,000 ppm CFC-21, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks, but their livers were grossly pale and heavy. Histopathologic examination showed centrilobular necrosis with related changes. In comparable 90-day series of exposure at 5000 and 1000 ppm levels, rats showed bilateral hair loss and excessive mortality (20 of 54 died at 1000 ppm, 15 of 54 at 5000 ppm). Four dogs exposed at both levels showed weight loss. Cirrhosis was evident in rats exposed at both levels, but with dogs histopathologic changes in the liver were mild and evident only at the 5000 ppm. CFC-21 has produced pre-implantation loss in pregnant rats exposed at 10,000 ppm. After exposure for 6 hr daily, on days 6 to 15 of gestation, 15 or 25 pregnant females had no viable fetuses or implantation sites on the uterine wall. Pregnancy outcome and fetal development in the other 10 rats were unaffected.

If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines and adrenergic activators should not be administered since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /Fluorocarbons/|Adrenaline should not be admin, because of the possibility of inducing cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. /Flourocarbons/

LC50 Rat inhalation 49,900 ppm 4 hr

Emissions of dichlorofluoromethane have been reported from volcanos(1).

... Dichlorofluoromethane (FC-21) ... appears as a contaminant of commercially available FC 22.|Dichlorofluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, solvent, propellant, and heat exchange fluid(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as an approved inert ingredient in pesticides for nonfood uses(2) as a propellant(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). When used as a refrigerant, solvent, or aerosol propellant, dichlorofluoromethane will be eventually lost to the atmosphere unless it is captured and recycled(4,5). Per 40CFR82, which implements the Montreal Protocol, dichlorofluoromethane will no longer be produced or imported in the United States after 2015, except for its use as a refrigerant in equipment manufactured before 1/1/2020; no production or importing after 1/1/2030 will be allowed(6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichlorofluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichlorofluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.36X10+03 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1.88X10+04 mg/L(4). Dichlorofluoromethane exists as a gas above 9 °C and is expected to volatilize rapidly from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane has been observed to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in various microcosm experiments using soil and sediment(5-7). Complete aerobic biodegradation of dichlorofluoromethane in soil by methanotrophic bacteria in 5-19 days has been reported(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichlorofluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole derived from its vapor pressure, 1.36X10+03 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.88X10+04 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.55(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane has been observed to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in various microcosm experiments using soil, aquatic sediment and sewage sludge(8-10). Approximately 93% and 50% degradation of dichlorofluoromethane in anoxic sediment samples collected from freshwater and saltwater wetlands occurred within 27 and 43 days, respectively, at 20 degrees(8). Rate constants for the neutral and alkaline hydrolysis reactions for dichlorofluoromethane are 2.1X10-10 and 5.4X10-09 L/mole-min, respectively(11); these rates correspond to a half-life of approximately 230 years(11).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichlorofluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 1.36X10+03 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the gas-phase in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase dichlorofluoromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.90X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichlorofluoromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.90X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of approximately 1.5 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Utilizing a two-dimensional, tropospheric model that considers both vertical and latitudinal transport as well as reaction with atmospheric species, the half-life of dichlorofluoromethane in the troposphere is estimated to be 2.0 yr(3). As a result of its long half-life, the dichlorofluoromethane released to the atmosphere will accumulate in the atmosphere and disperse over a large area(3). About 5% of the dichlorofluoromethane is predicted to diffuse to the stratosphere(3) where it will be destroyed as a result of photodissociation and reaction with hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen (O(1D)) atoms(3-6). In the process, free radicals are released which react with the ozone layer. Rate constants for the neutral and alkaline hydrolysis reactions for dichlorofluoromethane are 2.1X10-10 and 5.4X10-09 L/mole-min; these rates correspond to a half-life of approximately 230 years(7).

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated for dichlorofluoromethane in fish(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.55(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The BCF of dichlorofluoromethane is reported as low using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 8-week period (actual BCF value not reported)(4).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for dichlorofluoromethane can be estimated to be 32(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dichlorofluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dichlorofluoromethane is estimated as 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.36X10+03 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.88x10+04 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dichlorofluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane's estimated Henry's Law constant(SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will occur rapidly(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: Dichlorofluoromethane was detected at concentrations of 3 and 0.5 ug/L in 2 of 4 off-site monitoring wells near a former plant that formulated non-lubricating automotive fluids(1).|DRINKING WATER: No dichlorofluoromethane was found in a survey of 1174 community wells and 617 private wells in Wisconsin, in which dichlorofluoromethane was one of the target compounds(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 12,182 workers (1,640 of these are female) are potentially exposed to dichlorofluoromethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to dichlorofluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact of this compound at workplaces where dichlorofluoromethane is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dichlorofluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air(SRC).|Inhalation, ingestion, eye and skin contact.|Occupational exposure to manufactured fluorocarbons occurs in the manufacture, use, servicing, and disposal of refrigeration units, solvent applications, and plastic foam blowing. Cylinder packers and shippers; occassional high exposure to tank truck and tank car fillers; maintenance operators; lab analysts. /Fluorocarbons/

Personal air samples were collected from firefighters in Buffalo, NY while responding to 3 wood-frame building structure fires and one car fire; the range of dichlorofluoromethane detected in the breathing space varied from 0.67 to 12.1 ppm(1).|Dichlorofluoromethane was found in the expired air of 2 of 8 male volunteers; the amounts exhaled in these two subjects were 0.14 and 0.062 fg/hr(1). Dichlorofluoromethane was detected, but not quantified, in the expired air of a nonsmoking population of 62 males and females, suburban and urban residents(2). The percentage of subjects whose breath contained dichlorofluoromethane was not reported.

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated and slowly released into blood at concentrations that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization. /Fluorocarbons/|... Both trichlorofluoromethane and dichlorofluoromethane admin as high acute inhalation dosages were expired unchanged by dogs and rabbits.|There is a significant accumulation of propellants in brain, liver and lung compared to blood levels, signifying a tissue distribution of fluorocarbons similar to that of chloroform. /Fluorocarbons/|Absorption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally have the highest fluorocarbon concn on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/

Inhalation pharmacokinetics of dichlorofluoromethane (CFC 21) and chlorodifluoromethane (CFC 22) were studied in male Wistar rats by use of a closed inhalation chamber system. CFC 21 was readily eliminated via metabolism....

Chlorofluoroalkanes (and also the alternative HCFCs and HFCs) produced on an industrial scale are subject to stringent standards. Impurities must not exceed the following limits (vol%): acids, 0; moisture, <0.001; higher-boiling fractions, <0.05; other gases, 2. /Chlorofluoroalkanes/

INHALATION: May cause giddiness, light-headedness, disorientation, nausea, vomiting, narcosis, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, and death. SKIN: May cause frostbite or irritation. EYES: May cause irritation or cold injury. (USCG, 1999)

Eye: If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible. Skin: If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. Remove the individual from the contaminated environment. 2. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. 3. Treat coma and arrhythmias if the occur. Avoid epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines that may precipitate ventricular arrhythmias. Tachyarrhythmias caused by increased myocardial sensitivity may be treated with propranolol ... or esmolol ... . 4. Monitor ECG for 4-6 hours. /Freons and halons/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In high concn, it may cause central nervous depression.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Attention /has been drawn/ to prominent cardiotoxic effects, manifested in arrhythmias, that are assoc with pulmonary exposure to ... fluorocarbon 21 ... tachycardia, myocardial depression, and hypotension have been described.|/CASE REPORTS/ Two young people, a 23 year man and his wife aged 21, are admitted in hospital because they complain of headache; nausea, dyspnea. These symptoms are related with the use of a water-repellent spray in bad conditions; troubles appear because the product is used in an insufficiently ventilated room. At the admission time, the man suffers from coughing, polypnea, giddiness, the fever is 38 degrees, 3 C. The blood gas values are normal. The thoracic Xray is also normal. The woman is more affected the fever is 38.8 degrees C. The signs are worse and the blood value of CO is 5%. The blood gas values are: PO2 64.8 mm HG, SaO2 /artial saturation of oxygen/ 92.4%, PCO2 28.8 mm Hg. The chest Xray shows signs of acute pulmonary edema. Corticoids and furosemide give a progressive improvement. 48 hr later a favorable evolution is noted in the two cases. The German manufacturer of the product gave its composition which is as follows: - petrol 17.3% - essence 15.3% - methylene chloride 13.7% - freon (trichlorofluoro-methane - dichlorofluoromethane) 42.2% - impregnant (melamine resin; organic methylic soap) 2.6% - propan butan 9.2%. The compound responsible for the symptomatology is petrol vapor which, if inhalated, is well known to produce pulmonary toxicity. The woman's condition was worse because she used the spray herself and therefore inhaled a lot a vapours. With this type of product the direction for use have to be strictly followed ie the operation must take place in a well ventilated room.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Although toxicity due to acute inhalation is low, CFC-21 is appreciably more toxic than related difluorinated methanes such as dichlorodifluoromethane or chlorodifluoromethane. The chronic toxicity of CFC-21 is markedly different from these compounds, and appears to be more similar to chloroform.

dichlorofluoromethane

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.|inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

asphyxia, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest; liquid: frostbite

Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

respiratory system, cardiovascular system

REFRIGERANTS, 39%; FOAM BLOWING AGENTS, 14%; SOLVENTS, 14%; FLUOROPOLYMERS, 14%; STERILANT GAS, 2%; AEROSOL PROPELLANTS, 2%; FOOD FREEZANT, 1%; OTHER, 8%; EXPORTS, 3% (1985) /FLUOROCARBONS/|Refrigeration/air conditioning, 43%; foam blowing agents, 20%; polymer precursors, 13%; solvent cleaning, 12%; aerosol propellants, 2%; medical equipment sterilization, 3%; other, 7% /Fluorocarbons/

Grade: Technical

Methane, dichlorofluoro-: ACTIVE|Per 40 CFR 82, which implements the Montreal Protocol, dichlorofluoromethane will no longer be produced or imported in the United States after 2015, except for its use as a refrigerant in equipment manufactured before 1/1/2020; no production or importing after 1/1/2030 will be allowed.

Method: NIOSH 2516, Issue 2; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: dichlorofluoromethane; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.05 mg/sample.|AOB Method VG-011-1. Halogenated and Aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Whole Gas Analyzed by Purge and Trap GC/ELCD/PID.|AREAL Method IP-1A. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Indoor Air Using Stainless Steel Canisters; Capillary GC/MS; detection limit = ppb (quantity not specified).

Volatiles are frequently abused as inhalants. The methods used for identification are generally nonspecific if analyzed concurrently with ethanol or require an additional analytical procedure that employs mass spectrometry. A previously published technique utilizing a capillary flow technology splitter to simultaneously quantitate and confirm ethyl alcohol by flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection after headspace sampling and gas chromatographic separation was evaluated for the detection of inhalants. Methanol, isopropanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (Norflurane, HFC-134a), chloroethane, trichlorofluoromethane (Freon-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon-12), dichlorofluoromethane (Freon-21), chlorodifluoromethane (Freon-22) and 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Freon-114) were validated for qualitative identification by this method. The validation for qualitative identification included evaluation of matrix effects, sensitivity, carryover, specificity, repeatability and ruggedness/robustness.|Fluorocarbon determination in blood: gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Recovery of fluorocarbons added to blood ranged from 85 to 95%. Major sources of error are loss of pure fluorocarbon in preparation of the standards and changes in chromatographic response. /Fluorocarbons/