2,2-Dimethylbutane

86.18

86.18

1730736

200-906-8

07L56L3MP2

74126

1208

DTXSID4025111

Colorless liquid

29011000

0

3.82

Clear colorless to slightly yellow Liquid

0.6485 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-99.9 °C

49.7 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

<−30 °F

1.384

H2O: insoluble ;soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether; very soluble in acetone, benzene, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride

Flammables area

5.35 psi ( 20 °C)

2.97 (vs air)

Reported as an impurity (0.2 wt %) in 99.0–99.7 wt % 2,3-dimethylbutane (Chevron Phillips, 2004).

Inflammable in case of open flame, high temperature, oxidant; burning produces irritating smoke

~7.7%

2.32e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 1.71 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Octane rating: 100+|Heat capacity: 191.9 J/mol K at 25 °C|Heat of fusion: 1.61 cal/g|Air Pollution Factors: Manmade sources: evaporation from gasoline fuel tank: 0.1 vol % of total evaporated hydrocarbon's; evaporation from carburetor: 0.0-0.1 vol % of total evaporated hydrocarbon's.|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.32X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Highly Flammable

NEOHEXANE may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted material and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, burns exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

797 °F (USCG, 1999)|761 °F (405 °C).

4159.5 kJ/mol

Lower flammable limit: 1.2% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 7.0% by volume.

27.68 kg/mol at 25 °C

Critical temperature: 498.1 K

II

3

UN 1208 3/PG 2

3

11-38-51/53-65-67

9-16-29-33-61-62

EJ9300000

F,Xn,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids

Explosive when mixed with air

Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P210-P261-P273-P301 + P310-P331

H225-H304-H315-H336-H411

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

Oxidizing agents

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P331, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 341 companies from 17 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P312, P321, P331, P332+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Air-supplied apparatus or organic vapor cartridge; goggles or face shield; rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)|Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use of full-face respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Handle with gloves...|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 1000 ppm: /Hexane isomers (excluding n-Hexane)/ [Table#205]|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 2500 ppm: /Hexane isomers (excluding n-Hexane)/ [Table#206]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2,2-DIMETHYLBUTANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Explosion limits 1.2-7%

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.|Use water spray to cool unopened containers.|Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations...

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. /Hexane isomers (excluding n-Hexane)/|Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to it flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 def F). /Hexane isomers (excluding n-Hexane)/

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot. /Hexanes/|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Hexanes/|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Hexanes/|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Hexanes/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,2-DIMETHYLBUTANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Recommended Exposure Limits: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 100 ppm (350 mg/cu m) /Hexane isomers (excluding n-Hexane)/|Recommended Exposure Limits: 15 Minute Ceiling Value: 510 ppm (1800 mg/cu m) /Hexane isomers (excluding n-Hexane)/

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

In Southern California, the 2,2-dimethylbutane profile for various emissions for vehicle exhaust was 0.44, 0.35, 1.01, 0.00, 0.85, and 1.73 wt% for: an EPA 46 car study, mean composite of 13 samples from the Caldecott Tunnel, cold start, stabilized, hot start, and from an older fleet, respectively(1). The average concentration of 2,2-dimethylbutane in the exhaust of 6 cars in the UK, 1988, was 1733 ppb(2). Gasoline engine exhaust (noncatalyst and catalyst equipped), and unburned gasoline (whole and headspace vapors) profiles include 2,2-dimethylbutane at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 0.2, and 0.3 wt%, respectively(3). Source composition profiles for exhaust from an FTP test of 46 in-use passenger vehicles for 1975-1982 model years, Vancouver gasoline, Vancouver gasoline vapor, Whatcom County gasoline and Whatcom County gasoline vapor included 2,2-dimethylbutane at 0.440, 0.218, 0.334, 0.192, 0.345% NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons)(4). Emission rates of 2,2-dimethylbutane from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles in the Fort McHenry tunnel(Baltimore, MD; collected June 1992) were measured as 4.5 and 15.9 mg/vehicle-mile, respectively; air concentrations at the east portal ranged from 1.9 to 67.8 ppbC. Emission rates of 2,2-dimethylbutane from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles in the Tuscarora tunnel (Pennsylvania; collected September 1992) were measured as 2.3 and 12.1 mg/vehicle-mile, respectively; air concentrations ranged from 9.4 to 2.1 ppbC (5). 2,2-Dimethylbutane was emitted from the tailpipe of automobiles at a rate of 800 ug 2,2-dimethylbutane per kilometer (vehicles equipped with catalytic converters) and 195,000 ug 2,2-dimethylbutane per kilometer (vehicles without catalytic converters)(6). Vehicle emissions were analyzed in the Maria Maluf Tunnel in Sao Paulo, Brazil in May 2004. Average emission factors for 2,2-dimethylbutane were reported; May 5 morning, 10.2 mg/kg; May 5 evening, 16.4 mg/kg; May 6 morning, 122.9 mg/kg; May 6 evening, 26.2 mg/kg(7).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The 2,2-dimethylbutane concentration ranged from 0 to 1 ppbV at a downtown Los Angeles location where it was detected in 4 of 17 samples in the Fall of 1981(1). The average concentration of 2,2-dimethylbutane at street level in London, 1988, was 16 ppb(2). The average and range of concentrations of 2,2-dimethylbutane measured in southern California over September 8-9, 1993 were 0.90 and 0.00-2.30 ug/cu m, respectively(3). 2,2-dimethylbutane has been detected in roadway air, airport facility air, and 'near' aircraft air in concentrations of 0.495, 0.50, and 0.172 ppb, respectively(4). 2,2-Dimethylbutane was detected at a mean concentration of 0.8 mg/cu m in the atmosphere of Porto Alegre, Brazil from March 1996 to April 1997(5). The arithmetic and geometric means were 47.9 and 43.9 ppbC, respectively, for the atmospheric 2,2-dimethylbutane content at urban locations in NW England(6). 2,2-dimethylbutane was detected at a mean concentration of 1.1 ug/cu m around the Los Angeles, CA area during a smog event on September 8-9, 1993(7).|RURAL/REMOTE: For the atmospheric 2,2-dimethylbutane content at rural locations in NW England, the arithmetic and geometric means were 1.8 and 1.8 ppbC, respectively(1).|SOURCE DOMINATED: In oil field emissions measured in Tulsa, OK, 2,2-dimethylbutane was detected at average concentration of 7.0 ppbC(1). The arithmetic and geometric means were 11.2 and 4.4 ppbC, respectively, for the atmospheric 2,2-dimethylbutane content at polluted rural locations in northwest England(2). 2,2-Dimethylbutane was detected in air samples collected in June 2004 from a gasoline service station located in Brazil at an average concentration of 19.5 ug/cu m(3).

2,2-Dimethylbutane's production and use as an intermediate for agricultural chemicals and as a component of high-octane motor and aviation fuels(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2100(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.82(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,2-dimethylbutane is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,2-dimethylbutane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 319 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 21.2 mg/L(5). 2,2-Dimethylbutane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon it's vapor pressure of 319 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Under aerobic conditions, 2,2-dimethylbutane was shown to degrade after a 15 day lag period when tested as a mixture of light hydrocarbons in activated sludge (14% of the initial amount remained after 34 days of incubation); however, when tested as the single carbon source little degradation was observed (86% of the initial amount remained) suggesting that biodegradation may occur via co-metabolism(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2100(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.82(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,2-dimethylbutane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 319 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 2.12 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(7), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 57 minutes and 3.7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 150(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Under aerobic conditions, 2,2-dimethylbutane was shown to degrade after a 15 day lag period when tested as a mixture of light hydrocarbons in activated sludge (14% of the initial amount remained after 34 days of incubation); however, when tested as the single carbon source little degradation was observed (86% of the initial amount remained) suggesting that biodegradation may occur via co-metabolism(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: 2,2,-Dimethylbutane, which has a vapor pressure of 319 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,2-dimethylbutane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(2), calculated from its rate constant of 2.32X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 2,2-Dimethylbutane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,2-dimethylbutane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 2.32X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). 2,2-Dimethylbutane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). 2,2-Dimethylbutane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 150 was calculated in fish for 2,2-dimethylbutane(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.82(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Koc of 2,2-dimethylbutane is estimated as 2100(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.82(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,2-dimethylbutane is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2,2-dimethylbutane is estimated as 1.7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 319 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 21.2 mg/L (2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,2-dimethylbutane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 57 minutes(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.7 days(SRC). 2,2-Dimethylbutane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2,2-dimethylbutane from dry soil surfaces may exist (SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 319 mm Hg(1).

SURFACE WATER: 2,2-Dimethylbutane was measured in eight samples of sea water taken during a cruise on the Indian Ocean; concentrations ranged from 0.24-1.91 nanoliters of vapor per liter of water at approximately 30 °C(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 2,2-dimethylbutane is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|Occupational exposure to 2,2-dimethylbutane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,2-dimethylbutane is produced or used. 2,2-Dimethylbutane is widely detected in vehicle exhaust and gasoline vapors. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2,2-dimethylbutane via inhalation of ambient air, and as a result of handling gasoline. (SRC)

Extensive studies ... have demonstrated that 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2- and 3-methylpentane are distributed in human tissues in very much the same manner as n-pentane and n-hexane, with adipose tissue having a high affinity for all of the C6-alkanes.

19.00 Days

Inhalation causes dizziness, nausea, and vomiting; concentrated vapor may cause unconsciousness and collapse. Contact with liquid causes irritation of eyes; repeated contact may produce irritation of skin. Ingestion causes irritation of stomach. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, rapidly developing pulmonary edema, and central nervous system excitement followed by depression. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously.Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Grades: 95%, 99%, research.

Butane, 2,2-dimethyl-: ACTIVE

Air samples were analyzed by GC using a cryogenic trapping technique for introduction of air samples into the gas chromatograph.|A modified variant of the purge-and-trap gas chromatographic analysis of volatile organic carbon compounds in water was designed. Samples collected in 1-1 glass bottles are purged at 60 °C for 1 hr in an ultrapure helium gas stream using an open loop arrangement. At a flow rate of 100 mg/min for 60 min, the method separated over 200 organic compounds within 40 min using flame ionization and ion trap detection and is capable of quantitation down to 5 ng/l per component. The recoveries of 2,2-dimethylbutane from water at 30 and 60 °C were 52 and 84%, respectively. Recoveries of 2,2-dimethylbutane with the two series of tubes (all Tenax-TA or 3 different kinds) were 33.7, 38.5, and 26.1%, and 33.0, 64.4, and 2.6% for tubes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A specimen purge seawater standard chromatogram (Tenax-TA tube) revealed the presence of 2,2-dimethylbutane. 2,2-Dimethylbutane was also seen in chromatograms of water samples taken from Solent estuary in southern England.|The determination of volatile organic compounds /including 2,2-dimethylbutane/ from EPA method 524.2 using purge and trap capillary GC, ECD, and FID detection.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree