1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane

203.83

203.83

200-934-0

76ZK8AK9CJ

1420

1078

DTXSID90861622

Colorless liquid or solid|Colorless liquid [Note: A liquid above 105 degrees F]

29034520

0

3.41

1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane is a colorless solid with a slight, ether-like odor. mp: 40.6°C; bp: 91.5°C.

1.6447 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

40.6 °C

91.5 °C

90-92°C

1.4046

0.01%

Refrigerator (+4°C)

Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 5.3

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 7.0

Oral-rat LD50:> 8000 mg/kg; inhalation-rat LCL0: 20000 ppm/30 points

Non-combustible; releases toxic chloride and fluoride fumes in the fire

Slight ether odor

Henry's Law constant = 1.6X10-1 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

1 mg/L is equivalent to 120 ppm and 1 ppm is equivalent to 8.33 mg/cu m at 25 °C, 760 mm Hg|Wt/gal = 13.8 lb

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-Difluoroethane is non-flammable. Incompatible with active metals such as potassium, sodium, beryllium, powdered aluminum, zinc, magnesium, and calcium. Reacts with acids.

Noncombustible Solid

Special precautions: 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.

3.4838X10+7 J/mol at 313.75 K

Critical temperature: 552.00 K; critical pressure: 3.34X10+6 Pa

1078

59-36/37/38

59-37/39-26

KI1425000

N-Xi,Xi

Treasury is low temperature, ventilated, dry; airtight

P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501

H315

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane may be disposed: 1) If in liquid form, by absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material 2) If in the solid form, by disposing in a secured sanitary landfill.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Chemically-active metals such as potassium, beryllium, powdered aluminum, zinc, magnesium, calcium and sodium; acids.|Attacks plastics, rubber and coatings.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is amending FDA's regulation on the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in selfpressurized containers to remove the essential-use designations for flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil used in oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The Clean Air Act requires FDA, in consultation with the EPA, to determine whether an FDA-regulated product that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS. FDA has concluded that there are no substantial technical barriers to formulating flunisolide, triamcinolone, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, albuterol and ipratropium in combination, cromolyn, and nedocromil as products that do not release ODSs, and therefore they will no longer be essential uses of ODSs as of the effective dates of this rule. MDIs for these active moieties containing an ODS may not be marketed after the relevant effective date. DATES: Removal of Part 2.125(e)(2)(iii) and 2.125(e)(4)(vii) is effective June 14, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(v) and 2.125(e)(4)(iv) is effective December 31, 2010. Removal of Part 2.125(e)(1)(iii) is effective June 30, 2011. Removal of 2.125(e)(2)(iv) and Part 2.125(e)(4)(viii) is effective December 31, 2013. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/|Use of ozone-depleting substances in foods, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (a) As used in this section, ozone-depleting substance (ODS) means any class I substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix A to subpart A, or class II substance as defined in 40 CFR part 82, appendix B to subpart A. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, any food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is not an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act. (c) A food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is, consists in part of, or is contained in an aerosol product or other pressurized dispenser that releases an ODS is an essential use of the ODS under the Clean Air Act if paragraph (e) of this section specifies the use of that product as essential. For drugs, including biologics and animal drugs, and for devices, an investigational application or an approved marketing application must be in effect, as applicable. ... (e) The use of ODSs in the following products is essential: ... (2) Metered-dose short-acting adrenergic bronchodilator human drugs for oral inhalation. Oral pressurized metered-dose inhalers containing the following active moieties: ... (iv) Pirbuterol. ... (4) Other essential uses. (iii) Anesthetic drugs for topical use on accessible mucous membranes of humans where a cannula is used for application. ... (vi) Metered-dose atropine sulfate aerosol human drugs administered by oral inhalation. ... (viii) Metered-dose ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate, in combination, administered by oral inhalation for human use. (ix) Sterile aerosol talc administered intrapleurally by thoracoscopy for human use. /Ozone-Depleting Substances/

Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances under the Montreal Protocol 1986 - 2004[UNEP; Ozone Secretariat UNEP November 2005, Available from, as of march 11, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/Production_and_consumption2005.pdf]|The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer[UNEP; Ozone Secretariat United Nations Environment Programme, The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Available from, as of March 11, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/pdfs/Montreal-Protocol2000.pdf]|Achievements in Stratospheric Ozone Protection Progress Report: This report covers the important and substantial achievements of the people, programs, and organizations that are working to protect the Earth's ozone layer. As impressive as these accomplishments are, our work is not done. Even though we have reduced or eliminated the use of many ozone-depleting substances, some still remain. Additionally, since ozone-depleting substances persist in the air for long periods of time, the past use of these substances continues to affect the ozone layer today. We must also continue to ensure that the alternatives being brought to the market support the country's long-term environmental goals in a cost-effective manner.[EPA; Achievements in Stratospheric Ozone Protection Progress Report, Available from, as of March 11, 2013: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/downloads/spd-annual-report_final.pdf]|UNEP; Ozone Secretariat. Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer: 2010 Update. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone depletion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, the success of the Montreal Protocol, and what could lie ahead for the ozone layer.[Available from, as of May 21, 2013: http://ozone.unep.org/Assessment_Panels/SAP/Scientific_Assessment_2010/]|USEPA; Ozone Layer Protection - Alternatives/SNAP Program. List of Substitutes. Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential as described in the final SNAP rule (59 FR 13044). Lists of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes are updated several times each year.[Available from, as of May 21, 2013: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/index.html]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 38 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 2000 ppm: [Table#2809]|Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: [Table#2810]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO-2,2-DIFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do not let this chemical enter the environment.|Ventilate area of spill or leak. If in liq form, collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material. If ... solid, ... collect spilled material in most convenient & safe manner for reclamation.

... In operations in which exposure to 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-Difluoroethane may occur ... local exhaust ventilation; general dilution ventilation; personal protective equipment /should be used/.|Skin that becomes contaminated with liquid 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,-2-difluoroethane washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane.|Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO-2,2-DIFLUOROETHANE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn, but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Refrigerant gas, NOS/|/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. /Refrigerant gas, NOS/|/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Refrigerant gas, NOS/|/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Refrigerant gas, NOS/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO-2,2-DIFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Irritating to eyes, skin /from table/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 500 ppm (4170 mg/cu m).

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 500 ppm (4170 mg/cu m).

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

See Chemical Dangers. Well closed.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

Inhalation of high levels may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system. This may result in cardiac disorders and central nervous system depression. Exposure could cause lowering of consciousness.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

As with most long-lived volatile CFCs, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane is distributed globally in the air(1).

practically nontoxic

LD50 Rat oral >8 g/kg|LD50 oral Rats > 25,000 mg/kg|LC50 Mice inhalation 15,000 ppm/2 hr

Persons /with cardiovascular disease are/ at increased risk.

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane's former production and use a refrigerant, solvent, corrosion inhibitor, and foam blowing agent(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), such as 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane, were scheduled for production phase-out in 1989 by the Montreal Protocol(2). Although originally scheduled for 50% production phase-out by the year 1998 in developed countries, the worsening ozone depletion has forced acceleration of the CFC phase-out to total phase-out by the year 2000(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-1 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 60 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(5). The potential for volatilization of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist, based upon a vapor pressure of 60 mm Hg(4). Structurally similar compounds such as Freon 12 and Freon 114 have been shown to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(6), suggesting that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane may also biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane may moderately adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-1 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 60 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(8). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.5 hours and 5.7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 82(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.41(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Structurally similar compounds such as Freon 12 and Freon 114 have been shown to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(9), suggesting that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane may also biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 60 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane is not expected to degrade in the troposphere. As a result, it will disperse and slowly diffuse to the stratosphere, a process that may take decades(3). By analogy to other chlorofluorocarbons(5), 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane will slowly photolyze in the stratosphere, releasing chlorine atoms which in turn are responsible for removing ozone(4). While some 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane may be lost from the atmosphere by being scavenged by rain, any loss will be returned to the atmosphere by volatilization(SRC). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane does not contain any chromophores that absorb solar radiation >290 nm and, therefore, it is not susceptible to direct photolysis in the troposphere(SRC).

Chemical hydrolysis of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane is not expected to be an environmentally significant fate process(1). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane is inert to chemical degradation in the troposphere(2-4). Upon diffusion into the stratosphere this compound will either photolyze slowly to release chlorine atoms which in turn participate in the catalytic removal of stratospheric ozone or it will slowly react with singlet oxygen(4,5). By analogy to other chlorofluorocarbons(5), 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2,-difluoroethane is predicted to have a stratospheric lifetime on the order of several decades(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 82 was calculated in fish for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2,-difluoroethane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.41(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2,-difluoroethane can be estimated to be 200(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2,-difluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane is estimated as 1.6X10-1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 60 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,1,1,2- tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.7 days(SRC). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 60 mm Hg(1).

Occupational exposure to 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane is produced or used. However, since this compound is no longer produced in the US, very little occupational exposure is expected. The ban on production and import of halons took effect on January 1, 1994. The ban on production and import of other Class I ODS (Ozone-Depleting Substances) - excluding methyl bromide - took effect on January 1, 1996(1). Due to its long atmospheric residence time, the general population is exposed to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane through inhalation of ambient air(SRC).|Greatest occupational exposure by volume use of refrigerants is in servicing (not including recharging), initial charging, & manufacturing & installation. /Fluorocarbons/

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated & slowly released into blood at concn that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization.|There is a significant accumulation of propellant in the brain, liver and lung compared to blood levels, signifying a tissue distribution of propellant similar to that of chloroform. /Fluorocarbons/|Regardless of the route of entry, chlorofluorocarbons appear to be eliminated almost exclusively through the respiratory tract. Little, if any, chlorofluorocarbon or metabolite has ever been reported in urine or feces. /Chlorofluorocarbons/

Chlorofluoroalkanes (and also the alternative HCFCs and HFCs) produced on an industrial scale are subject to stringent standards. Impurities must not exceed the following limits (vol %): acids, 0; moisture, <0.001; higher-boiling fractions, <0.05; and other gases, 2. /Chlorofluoroalkanes/

Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin; central nervous system depression; pulmonary edema; drowsiness; dyspnea (breathing difficulty) Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Victims of freon inhalation require management for hypoxic, CNS anesthetic, & cardiac symptoms. Patients must be removed from the exposure environment, & high flow supplemental oxygen should be utilized. The respiratory system should be evaluated for injury, aspiration, or pulmonary edema & treated appropriately. CNS findings should be treated supportively. A calm environment with no physical exertion is imperative to avoid increasing endogenous adrenegic levels. Exogenous adrenergic drugs must not be used to avoid inducing sensitized myocardial dysrhythmias. Atropine is ineffective in treating bradyarrhythmias. For ventricular dysrhythmias, diphenylhydantoin & countershock may be effective. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming at 40-42 °C until vasodilatory flush has returned. Elevation of the limb & standard frostbite management with late surgical debridement should be utilized. Ocular exposure requires irrigation & slit lamp evaluation for injury. /Freons/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia,administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO-2,2-DIFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Early ... human experience indicated that high vapor concentration (eg, 20%) may cause confusion, pulmonary irritation, tremors, & rarely coma, but ... these effects were generally transient & without late sequelae.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Aerosol sprays containing fluorocarbon propellants are another source of solvent intoxication. Prolonged exposure or daily use may result in damage to several organ systems. Clinical problems include cardiac arrhythmias, bone marrow depression, cerebral degeneration, and damage to liver, kidney, & peripheral nerves. Death occasionally has been attributed to inhalant abuse, probably via the mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias, especially accompanying exercise or upper airway obstruction. /Fluorocarbon propellants/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ As with other chlorofluorocarbons, intentional concentration and inhalation of CFC-112a has the potential to induce laryngeal spasm, edema, oxygen deprivation, and possible myocardial sensititzation. Aerosol sprays containing fluorocarbon propellants such as CFC-112a are a source of solvent intoxication. Prolonged exposure or daily use may result in damage to several organ systems. Clinical problems include cardiac arrythmias, bone marrow depression, cerebral degeneration, and damage to liver, kidney, and peripheral nerves. Death occasionally has been attributed to inhalant abuse, probably via the mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias, especially accompanying exercise or upper airway obstruction.|/CASE REPORTS/ ... Cause of death /from abuse of fluorocarbons/ is in ... doubt. Freezing of airway soft tissues can probably be eliminated ... except in cases where product was sprayed directly into mouth from container or balloon containing some liq.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO-2,2-DIFLUOROETHANE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin; central nervous system depression; pulmonary edema; drowsiness; dyspnea (breathing difficulty)

Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Irregular heartbeat. Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Grades: purified; solvent

Ethane, tetrachlorodifluoro-: INACTIVE|Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoro-: ACTIVE|SRP: The EPA has organized groups of chemicals into two classes according to their ozone-depletion potential. Class I controlled substances are those with an ozone-depletion potential of 0.2 or higher. Class II controlled substances are those with an ozone-potential of less than 0.2. Class II controlled substances are all hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).|Class I Controlled Substance: C2F2Cl4 (CFC-112) /and all isomers/: Ozone-depletion potential: 1.0.|In the United States, "Class I" substances were subject to the first round of phaseout targets. Class I substances have an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.2 or higher, and include halons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl bromide. Section 604 of the Clean Air Act sets the phaseout targets for Class I substances. The ban on production and import of halons took effect on January 1, 1994. The ban on production and import of other Class I ODS /ozone-depleting substance/ - excluding methyl bromide - took effect on January 1, 1996.|... /The use of chlorofluorocarbons for aerosol sprays/ was prohibited in 1979 except for a few specialized items, because of their depleting effect on stratospheric ozone. /Chlorofluorocarbons/|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLORO-2,2-DIFLUOROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Method: NIOSH 1016, Issue 2; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection; Analyte: 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.3 mg/sample.|Fluorocarbons in air of working area & in exhaled air can be analyzed by IR spectrometry. /Fluorocarbons/

Gas chromatographic method for analysis of fluorocarbons in body fluids is described. /Fluorocarbons/|Hexane extraction procedure for the determination of common fluorocarbon propellants in blood was evaluated. An analysis of sample headspace was also evaluated for determining chloropentafluoroethane in blood. Both procedures involved analysis by gas chromatography using electron capture detection. The widely used hexane extraction procedure for determining ppm levels of volatile halocarbons in tissue was evaluated by a combination of radiochemical and gas chromatographic techniques. The data suggest that hexane extraction gives significantly low results. /Fluorocarbons/