Didecyldimethylammonium chloride

362.07600

361.34800

230-525-2

JXN40O9Y9B

DTXSID9032537

Colorless crystals|Clear yellow liquid /commercial aqueous solution/|Solid powder of slight yellowish color at 20 °C

D - Dermatologicals

2923900090

0

log Kow = 2.59 at 20 °C, pH 7

Liquid

0.95 g/cm3 (20ºC)

88 °C

>180 deg C; decomposes before boiling at 1 atm /OECD Guideline 103/

In isopropanol: 827, 797 and 836 g/L at 10, 20 and 30 deg C, respectively; in-octanol: 248 g/L at 20 deg C; in hexane: 0.000424 g/L at 10 deg C

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water. /Residential uses/

<4.3X10-5 mm Hg at 25 deg C, <1.1X10-5 mm Hg at 20 deg C /OECD Guideline 104/

LD50 oral in rat: 84mg/kg

Mushroom-like odor

pH = 6.8 to 6.9 at 25 °C in a 29.5% water solution

Henry's Law constant = 6.9X10-10 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Extremely hygroscopic|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Anion is corrosive ... treated wood has the disadvantage of being incompatible with many paints and coatings

III

6.1(b)

UN 2811

R22

S26; S36/37/39; S45

C

P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P405, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Pesticide Disposal: Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. If these pesticides cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental COntrol Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. /Bardac Wood Preservative 80/|Container DIsposal: Plastic Container: Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or, if allowed by state and local authorities by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. Metal Container: Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, ... or by other procedures approved by state and local authorities.|Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to the discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA.|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Aliphatic Alkyl Quaternaries (DDAC) EPA 739-R-06-008 (August 2006). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of November 4, 2014: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501|H301 (13.72%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1152 companies from 30 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P405, and P501|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P405, and P501|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

For End Use Products Intended for Commercial, Institutional, Industrial, Agricultural, and Residential Uses: PPE requirements are dependent on the Acute Toxicity Daft submitted to EPA to support the end use product registration /and the specific product label should be consulted/

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label./Residential uses/|After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash. /Residential uses/

Precautionary Statements for all Manufacturing Use Products (based on concentration of active ingredients): Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not breathe vapor or spray mist. Wear a dust/ filtering respirator (MSHA/ NIOSH approval number TC-21C) ora a NIOSH approved respirator with any N, R, P, or HE filter. WEar goggles or faceshield, rubber gloves, and protective clothing when handling. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|Individuals who enter pressue treatment cylinders and other related equipment that are contaminated with the wood treatment solution ... must wear protective clothing including overalls, jacket, gloves and boots impervious to the wood treatment formulation. Federal, state and local confined space entry procedures must be followed. /Bardac Wood Preservative 80/|Applicators must not eat or drink, or use tobacco products during those parts of the application process that may expose them to the wood treatment formulation. /Bardac Wood Preservative 80/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... The primary dermal effects that have been reported are rash, burning sensation, numbness, and itching. ... /Quaternary ammonium compounds/

Levels of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride from treated packages of lumber following rainfall events were reported as 73.2 and 65.8 mg/L after 2 events, averaging 15.9 mg/L over 15 events(1). The discharge measured into the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada)was 1.06 mg/L(1).

SEDIMENT: Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride concentrations in sediment samples collected along the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada ranged from 0.57 to 1.26 ug/g dry weight; collection times not specified(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Didecyl dimethylammonium chloride is a clear yellow liquid with an ethanolic odor. It is used as an algaecide, bacteriocide, fungicide, fungistat, microbiocide, microbiostat disinfectant, viricide, tuberculocide, molluscide, sanitizer, wood preservative, deodorant, and insecticide. It has been tested for treatment of impetiginized eczema patients in combination with prednicarbate. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Nausea, headache, and sore throat are the primary systemic effects that have been reported. The primary dermal effects that have been reported are rash, burning sensation, numbness, and itching. A case report of dermatitis from detergent/disinfectant was described. A 24 year old woman, who had worked in a hospital for 2 years, presented with a 2 month history of dermatitis of the dorsum of the hands and wrists. Patch testing showed she was positive for didecyldimethylammonium chloride and bis-(aminopropyl)-laurylamine which was present in detergents/disinfectants. According to the EPA classification didecyl dimethylammonium chloride is not likely to be carcinogenic to humans. ANIMAL STUDIES: In animals it is a severe eye irritant, severe dermal irritant, but not a sensitizer. It was of moderate acute oral toxicity in rodents, with possible effects on the liver and central nervous system being seen. In rats no adverse oncogenic effects were observed, however, there were treatment-related changes in both sexes in the mesenteric lymph node (blood filled sinuses, hemosiderosis and hystiocytosis) and bile duct hyperplasia at 1500 ppm. There were no developmental effects in rats. In developmental study in rabbits an increased number of dead fetuses/litter and decreased fetal body weight at 10.0 mg/kg was observed. In the Ames test, with or without the microsomal activation (S-9 fraction), didecyl dimethylammonium chloride was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. It was not mutagenic in vivo in rats, in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and did not produce unscheduled DNA synthesis. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Swimming performance decreased significantly in juvenile rainbow trout. Significant decreases in larval growth and survival were noted at all tested concentrations and in all sturgeon age groups. The larval stage was usually more sensitive than the fry stage. Acute toxicity tests with fertilized eggs were unsuccessful. Developmental stage altered the sensitivity of coho salmon to Bardac 2280, with alevins being approximately twice as sensitive as smolts.

The bactericidal activity of a quaternary ammonium salt, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), was depressed by the presence of soap, sodium laurate (NaLA): the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of DDAC against Staphylococcus aureus was 63 and 250 ug/mL in the absence and presence of 0.01% NaLA, respectively. The neutralizing effect was studied in relation with the mode of action of DDAC. The apparent uptake of DDAC by the cell was not repressed by NaLA's presence when compared to that in its absence. The solution of NaLA showed alkaline pH, but the biocidal activity of DDAC was higher at pH 11 than at pH 7. Although the presence of NaLA had no significant effect on DDAC's action on increasing the turbidity of the cell suspension, the mixture of these reagents alone without cells exhibited some turbidity. From these findings it is deduced that NaLA can form a less active complex with DDAC by both ionic and hydrophobic interactions...

LD50 Rat oral 84 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (male) oral 331 mg/kg /65% a.i./ /from table/|LD50 Rat (female) oral 238 mg/kg /65% a.i./ /from table/|LD50 Rat oral 238 mg/kg /80% a.i./|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute lethal and sublethal toxicity of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated. The nominal 96-hr LC50 value in a flow-through exposure system was 0.409 mg/L. Investigation of the effects of acute sublethal exposures on blood chemistry, swimming performance, disease resistance, and gill morphology revealed no adverse effects after a 24-hr exposure to 0.1 mg DDAC/L. Primary and secondary biochemical indicators of stress, i.e., plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate levels, were only significantly elevated after a 24-hr exposure to DDAC at 0.4 mg/L. However, swimming performance decreased significantly after 12- and 24-hr exposures to both 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed no gross disruptions to gill epithelial surfaces as a result of toxicant exposure. A disease challenge test revealed that exposure to sublethal concentrations of DDAC for 24 hr had no significant effect.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ This study was conducted to describe the acute lethality and latent toxicity of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) on early life stages of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Fish responses to 0, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 ug/L concentrations of DDAC were determined using a 96-hr standard static renewal method for acute toxicity testing, with three replicates per concentration. Twenty fish per replicate were tested for 3, 11, and 42-day-old larvae, and 7 fish per replicate were tested for 78-day-old juveniles. Following exposure, survival and growth were evaluated in exposed fish raised in clean water for 2 weeks. The 96-hr median lethal concentration (LC50) values for DDAC were 10.0 to 50.0, 58.5, and 99.7 ug/L for 3, 11, and 42-day-old larvae and 100 to 250 ug/L for 78-day-old juveniles. Significant decreases in larval growth and survival were noted at all tested concentrations and in all sturgeon age groups. Results of this study reveal age- and concentration-dependent responses to DDAC. Among the age groups tested, the 3-day-old larvae were the most sensitive group. Results also revealed that 96-hr lethality testing alone is not adequate for determining the toxicity of DDAC to white sturgeon.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The primary goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of using early life stages of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) (eggs, larvae and fly) as a species relevant to the Fraser River, B.C., for the acute and sublethal toxicological testing of forest industry effluents. Here reported the first successful acute toxicity tests for 8-day-old larvae and 42-day-old fry exposed to several chemicals known to be released into the Fraser River (i.e., 6 monochlorovanillin (6 MVAN), 4,5 dichloroguaiacol (4,5 DCG), 4,5 dichlorocatechol (4,5 DCAT), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC)). In most cases, white sturgeon fry were at the lower end of the range for acute toxicity values for chlorinated phenolic compounds, when compared with other juvenile fish species, and they were extremely sensitive to DDAC. The larval stage was usually more sensitive than the fry stage. Acute toxicity tests with fertilized eggs were unsuccessful.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of a seawater challenge on coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, previously exposed to didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) were examined. In one experiment, salmon were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of DDAC over three durations followed by a 24-hr seawater challenge in a computer-controlled, intermittent-flow respirometer to measure effects on several biochemical variables. After a 144-hr dose, plasma cortisol, glucose, and gill Na++-ATPase activity were significantly increased at a nominal DDAC concentration of 0.2 mg/L. In the second experiment, animals were exposed to five different concentrations for 24 hr followed by a 24-hr seawater challenge. Plasma cortisol was significantly increased at the highest exposure concentration (0.75 mg/L). Plasma Na+ was significantly elevated at exposure concentrations of 0.3, 0.5, 0.65, and 0.75 mg/L. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was significantly reduced at exposure concentrations of 0.65 mg/L and 0.75 mg/L.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicity of the antisapstain wood preservative Bardac 2280 (principal active ingredient 80% didecyldimethylammonium chloride, DDAC) was tested with four fish and four aquatic invertebrate species. White sturgeon fry (Acipenser transmontanus) were the most sensitive fish species tested with a 24-hr 50% lethal concentration (LC50) value between 1 and 10 ppb Bardac 2280. The 96-hr LC50 values for the three other fish species ranged from 0.39 ppm for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to 2.0 ppm for juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Developmental stage altered the sensitivity of Coho salmon to Bardac 2280, with alevins being approximately twice as sensitive as smolts. Altering salinity up to 30%o seawater had no significant effect on the toxicity of Bardac 2280 to Coho smolts. The 48-hr LC50 values for Daphnia magna, Mysidopsis bahia, Hyalella azteca, and Neomysis mercedis were 0.037 ppm, 0.039 ppm, 0.106 ppm, and 0.947 ppm, respectively.

Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride's production and use as a disinfectant and microbiocide in various applications(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a general purpose disinfectant and pesticide, in water treatment of cooling towers and as a wood preservative(1,2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 677 to 9.1X10+5 in a variety soils (most >1.0X10+4)(2,3), indicate that didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is expected to have low to no immobility in soil(SRC). Didecyl dimethyl ammounium chloride is a cationic surfactant(2) that will exist in cation form in the environment(SRC), and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because cations do not volatilze(SRC). Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of <4.3X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Biodegradation rates of 67% or higher in 28 days using standardized biodegradation tests(3) suggest that biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 677 to 9.1X10+5 in a variety soils (most >1.0X10+4)(2,3), indicate that didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride exists in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9(2) and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF of 81, measured in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Results of a river die-away test having 97% degradation over 30 days(4) indicate that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). In addition, results of various biodegradation screening tests have found didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride to be readily biodegradable (OECD Guidelines 301D, 301B) or inherently biodegradable (Zahns-Wellens test) with degradation rates of 67% or higher(3). Results of aqueous hydrolysis tests found didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride to be hydrolytically stable with half-lives of >= 1 year at pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9 at 20 °C(3). Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is reported to be photolytically stable(2), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, which has a vapor pressure of <4.3X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is photolytically stable(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Results of aqueous hydrolysis tests found didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride to be hydrolytically stable with half-lives of >= 1 year at pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9 at 20 °C(2). Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is reported to be photolytically stable(3), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Photodegradation half-lives of 132 and 169 days in exposed and non-exposed soils have been reported for 14C-labeled didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride at a concentration of 10 mg/kg(4).

A BCF of 81 was reported in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) for didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is reported to have low bioconcentration in tests using carp (Cyprinus carpio)(3); BCF values not reported(SRC).

The log Koc for didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride has been reported as 5.64 (sand), 5.96 (sandy loam), 6.20 (silty clay loam), 6.17 (silt loam)(1), corresponding to Koc values of 4.4X10+5, 9.1X10+5, 1.6X10+6, and 1.5X10+6 respectively(SRC). In batch equilibrium studies using five different soil types and OECD Guideline 106 (Adsorption - Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method), didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride had Koc values of 667, 1140, 10456, 14072 and 24433(2). According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values suggest that didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is expected to have low to no mobility in soil with most Koc values suggesting the compound is immobile in soil. Didecyl dimethyl ammounium chloride is a cationic surfactant(1) that may exist in cation form in the environment(SRC), and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Didecyl dimethyl ammounium chloride binds rapidly to suspended solids and sediments(1). Reported Kd values at 25 °C are 3.03 (sand), 3.91 (sandy loam), 4.52 (silty clay loam), and 4.49 (silt loam)(1).

Volatilization from moist soil and water surfaces is not expected because didecyl dimethyl ammounium chloride exists as a cation(1) and cations do not volatilize. Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of <4.3X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2).

SEAWATER: Environmental concentrations measured at three different locations along the North East coast of England found concentrations of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride in the range 120-270 ng/L(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is <10; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 111,703 workers (63,847 of these were female) were potentially exposed to didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is produced or used(2). Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride via dermal contact with consumer products containing this compound(SRC). The use of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride as an antimicrobial product on food contact surfaces, treatment of mushroom houses, and application to food-grade eggs may result in pesticide residues in human food(2). Residues from the use of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride for food contact sanitization on treated surfaces, such as food utensils, countertops, equipment, and appliances, can migrate to food coming into contact with the treated surfaces and can be ingested by humans(2).

EXPL THER A double blind trial with 2 concentrations of the combination didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (Hoe S-2922, Bardac-22) with prednicarbate for the treatment of impetiginized eczema in 30 hospitalized patients is described. The study did not reveal any significant differences in effectiveness, although a trend in favor of the higher concentration was apparent.

DDAC (40% aqueous in both radiolabled (14C) and nonradiolabled form), used in a definitive pharmacokinetic study to determine absorption, distribution and excretion and was administered orally (single dose), by gavage, to Charles River CD Rats (Crl CD(SD)Br--5/sex/group) in 3 dose regimens: 1) A single low dose (5 mg/kg), 2) a repeated low dose in diet containing 34 ppm "cold" in the feed daily for 14 days, followed by a 5 mg/kg dose of (14C)]-DDCA (9.01 mCi/mmole, and 99% radiochemical purity) or 3) a single high dose of 50 mg/kg. Excretion of radioactivity was shown to occur primarily in the feces (89-99%), some in urine (<2.5%), and an insignificant amount was expired. Highly ionic DDAC is not readily absorbed from the GI tract...

DDAC (40% aqueous in both radiolabled (14C) and nonradiolabled form), used in a definitive pharmacokinetic study to determine absorption, distribution and excretion and was administered orally (single dose), by gavage, to Charles River CD (Crl CD(SD)Br--5/sex/group) ... . In the addendum the metabolic profile was determined in a 2 step experiment. First, another group of rats (10 male Charles River CD (Crl CD(SD)Br) were treated with (14C)-DDAC at 50 mg/kg in order to obtain enough (14C) residues to use as standards. The (14C) metabolites were characterized by TLC, HPLC and MS. The second part of the experiment involved using the "standard" metabolic profiles to analyze the metabolites from feces samples obtained in the initial study. It was shown that metabolism tends to be sex specific. Females metabolize the parent compound more so than males. Metabolism, which may be microbial in nature, involved the oxidation of the 2 decyl side chains to form hydroxy and hydroxyketo derivatives. Modification of methyl substituents was not evident.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ There are 1,105 incidences that have been reported in the California Pesticide Surveillance Program Database (1982-2003) as definitely, probably, or possibly related to quats. ...Nausea, headache, and sore throat are the primary systemic effects that have been reported. The primary dermal effects that have been reported are rash, burning sensation, numbness, and itching. ...Although there are some people who were unable to work after exposure for a certain period of time, no one was hospitalized. /Quaternary ammonium compounds/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ There have been nearly 2700 incidents reported to the OPP Incident Data System (IDS) and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (1982-2004) associated with exposure to end-use products containing quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats). Most of the incidents are related to dermal, ocular and inhalation irritation. Allergic type reaction /has/ also been reported in some incidents. ...Inhalation incident symptoms: respiratory irritation/burning, irritation to mouth/throat/nose, coughing/choking, chest pain, disorientation, dizziness, shortness of breath. Dermal incident symptoms: irritation/burning, rash, itching, and blistering. Allergic symptoms: hives and allergic contact dermatitis. Oral incident symptoms: irritation to mouth/throat/nose, vomiting/nausea/abdominal pain, dizziness, and headache. Ocular incident symptoms: irritation/burning, eye pain, conjunctivitis, swelling eye and swelling of eyelid. /Quaternary ammonium compounds/|/CASE REPORTS/ A case report of dermatitis from detergent/disinfectant was described. A 24 year old woman, who had worked in a hospital for 2 years, presented with a 2 month history of dermatitis of the dorsum of the hands and wrists. The cause of her dermatitis was linked to the use of a particular detergent/disinfectant at work. Seven months later after she had changed jobs to a work location where she had no obvious contact with detergents or disinfectants she presented again with dermatitis. This time she had involvement of the eyelids, face, and arms. Her office had been cleaned with a different detergent the day before. Each time the room was cleaned she had to wait until the floor dried or she would get a new episode of dermatitis. Symptoms were so severe that the patient required systemic treatment with corticosteroids. Patch testing showed she was positive for didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DC, Bardac 22) and bis-(aminopropyl)-laurylamine which was present in both detergents/disinfectants. DC is also used on wood to protect it from termites and as a fungicide and as an algicide in swimming pools. The /study concludes/ that dermatitis caused by exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds may occur in other susceptible individuals.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Cancer Classification: Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The relative toxicity of Aliquat 203 (didecyl-dimethyl-ammonium-chloride) was experimentally investigated in mice, rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, and humans. These studies produced no evidence of an unusual degree or kind of toxicity. No data were found which indicated potential toxicologic hazard from wearing of uniforms impregnated with 0.5 percent Aliquat 203. An infrared spectrum of the technical-grade compound was evaluated also.

Bardac 22

One of the most widely used pesticides in British Columbia, Canada; 454,400 kg used by lumber mills in 1996

The National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) identifies 74 companies with active labels for products containing the chemical didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. To view the complete list of companies, product names and percent didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in formulated products click the following url and enter the CAS Registry number in the Active Ingredient field.|TC 192 (BASF Corporation): Active ingredient: alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride 8.0%; 1-decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride 12.0%.|TC 192 (IBC Manufacturing Company): Active ingredient: 1-decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride 18.0%; carbamic acid, butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester 4.0%.|Baquacide 795 Swimming Pool Algicide (Arch Chemicals, Inc.): Active ingredient: 1-decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride 50.0%.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|1-Decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride (1:1): ACTIVE|Used in waterborne copper-based wood preservative products ... introduced in New Zealand in 1978 ... to counteract basidiomycetes and soft rot fungi ... not suitable for wood in contact with the ground|... used in Canada in antisapstain formulations for treatment of freshly sawn lumber, in disinfectant formulations, and as a molluscicide.|... use as a molluscicide at pipe ends ... adding /didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride/ to the intake and bentonite clay as an absorbant in the outfall.

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based on polyclonal antibodies, was developed to measure didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC). The anti-DDAC polyclonal antibodies recognized the free DDAC in an indirect competitive ELISA. With this assay, the detection limit was 8 ug/mL, and 50% inhibition was reached at 29 ug/mL. The antibodies recognized the aliphatic chain of the DDAC molecule. They also cross-reacted with compounds having 1012-carbon aliphatic chains, such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, or n-decyl alpha-D-glucoside. The competitive ELISA was used to measure the amount of DDAC present in several available antisapstain products. For example, with F2A (15% DDAC), a linear relationship between the ELISA results and the theoretical values was observed in a range between 20 and 50 ppm DDAC. The measured concentrations of DDAC in other commercial products, F2, NP-1, and Bardac 2280, were in close agreement with the values reported by the /manufacturer/.|HPLC is used to resolve and quantitate didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) from the extracts of four species of wood. Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DoDAB) is used as an internal standard. The extract is injected directly onto the column with no sample cleanup step. An evaporative light-scattering detector is used to detect the quaternary ammonium compounds in amounts ranging from 250 ng to 5 mug injected on the column. Baseline resolution of the DDAC and DoDAB is achieved regardless of wood species. Average extraction efficiency for DDAC is 85% or better for all four species.

Agrochemicals -> Fungicides|Cosmetics -> Antistatic; Emulsifying; Hair conditioning; Surfactant