Potassium iodide

166.00300

165.86800

231-659-4

1C4QK22F9J

77362

DTXSID7034836

C47680

Colorless or white, cubical crystals, white granules, or powder|HEXAHEDRAL CRYSTALS, EITHER TRANSPARENT OR SOMEWHAT OPAQUE

R - Respiratory system|S - Sensory organs|V - Various

2827600000

0

-2.99600

Potassium iodide is an odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)

3.13 g/cm³

680 °C

1330 °C

1330ºC

1.677

H2O: 1.43 kg/L;1 gram dissolves in 0.7 mL water, 0.5 mL boiling water; 51 mL absolute ethanol; 22 mL alcohol; 8 mL methanol; 75 mL acetone; 2 mL glycerol; about 2.5 mL glycol

Store at RT.

0.31 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

9 (vs air)

Approx LD i.v. in rats: 285 mg/kg (Hildebrandt)

STRONG BITTER SALINE

Aqueous solution in neutral or usually alkaline, pH 7-9

Slightly deliquescent in moist air; on long exposure to air becomes yellow due to liberation of iodine, small amount of iodate may be formed; light and moisture accelerate the decomposition; aqueous solution becomes yellow in time due to oxidation, but a small amount of alkali prevents it|30 g KI with 21 mL water gives 30 mL of a saturated solution at 25 °C|Slightly hygroscopic in moist air|Readily dissolves elemental iodine /Potassium iodide solution/

Water soluble.

Salts, Basic

Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks potassium iodide [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:164, 165. 1956]. Potassium iodide is a weak reducing agent, and may react with strong or weak oxidizing agents.

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

II

8

UN 2056 3/PG 2

2

R36/37/38

S24/25

NN1575000

C

Stable. Protect from light and moisture. Incompatible with strong reducing agents, strong acids, steel, aluminium, alkali metals, brass, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, copper, tin, nickel and their alloys.

P305 + P351 + P338

H302-H315-H319

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

A sample of fluorine perchlorate exploded on contact with a potassium iodide solution.|Incompatibilities: mercurous chloride in presence of an excess of potassium iodide produces metallic mercury & mercuric iodide, the latter forming the soluble double salt, potassium mercuric iodide.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed over-the-counter drug products, incl potassium iodide, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.|Potassium iodide is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.|Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).|Potassium iodide used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in table salt as a source of dietary iodine in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.|For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for POTASSIUM IODIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

FDA, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Guidance Document: Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies; December 2001. Available at http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/4825fnl.htm as of March 12, 2006

|Danger|H302 (22.86%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P285, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 591 companies from 42 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P201, P202, P260, P263, P264, P270, P281, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P314, P321, P337+P313, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P314, P337+P313, P405, and P501

Goggles or face shield. (USCG, 1999)

Potassium iodide increased the toxic effect in selenium poisoning.|Concurrent use of captopril, enalapril, or lisinopril with potassium iodide may result in hyperkalemia; serum potassium concentrations should be monitored , however usual doses of potassium iodide used for radiation protection (i.e. up to 130 mg) contain negligible amounts of potassium and should not constitute a problem with ACE inhibitors.

LD50 Rats iv 285 mg/kg (approx.)

While data specific to potassium iodide were not located(SRC, 2006), the literature suggests that some pharmaceutically active compounds originating from human and veterinary therapy are not eliminated completely in municipal sewage treatment plants and are therefore discharged into receiving waters(1). Wastewater treatment processes often were not designed to remove them from the effluent(2). Selected organic waste compounds may be degrading to new and more persistent compounds that may be released instead of or in addition to the parent compound(2). Studies have indicated that several polar pharmaceutically active compounds can leach through subsoils into aquifers(1).

Potassium iodide is distributed into /human/ breast milk ...

Potassium Iodide is oral antithyroid agent used in the prevention of radioactive iodine uptake into the thyroid gland during a nuclear radiation emergency. Potassium Iodide may be used as an adjunct to other antithyroid agents in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis and preoperatively to induce thyroid involution.

Potassium iodide is indicated as a radiation protectant (thyroid gland) prior to and following oral administration or inhalation of radioactive isotopes of iodine or in radiation emergencies. /Included in US product labeling/|Potassium iodide is indicated in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. /Included in US product labeling/|Potassium iodide is used in the treatment of erythema nodosum. /NOT included in US product labeling/|Potassium iodide is used concurrently with an antithyroid agent to induce thyroid involution prior to thyroidectomy. /NOT included in US product labeling/|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for POTASSIUM IODIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

VET: WARNING: Iodism may occur at therapeutic doses.|Since some individuals are markedly sensitive to iodides, potassium iodide should be used with caution when initially administered. Patients at risk for iodine-induced adverse effects include those with hypocomplementemic vasculitis and those with goiter or autoimmune thyroid disease.|... Potassium iodide should be used with extreme caution, if at all, in patients with tuberculosis and is contraindicated in the presents of acute bronchitis.|Potassium iodide may cause salivary gland swelling or tenderness, burning of mouth or throat, metallic taste, soreness of teeth and gums, and unusual increase in salivation.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for POTASSIUM IODIDE (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

It works in the thyroid gland. By inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and release, thyroid gland vascularity is reduced, thyroid gland tissue becomes firmer, thyroid cell size is reduced, follicular colloid reaccumulates, and bound iodine levels increase. As a protectant following radiation exposure, KI blocks the uptake of radioactive iodine isotopes by the thyroid gland thereby minimizing the risk of radiation-induced thyroid neoplasms.

Although eliminated chiefly by the kidneys, it can also be found in saliva, tears, sweat, & milk. ... Some of retained iodine is stored in the thyroid & incorporated into thyroxine.|The iodide ion is excreted in part by bronchi.|Potassium iodide is distributed into /human/ breast milk ...

In hyperthyroid patients, potassium iodide produces rapid remission of symptoms by inhibiting the release of thyroid hormone into the circulation. The effects of potassium iodide on the thyroid gland include reduction of vascularity, a firming of the glandular tissue, shrinkage of the size of individual cells, reaccumulation of colloid in the follicles, and increases in bound iodine. These actions may facilitate thyroidectomy when the medication is given prior to surgery.|When administered prior to and following administration of radioactive isotopes and in radiation emergencies involving the release of radioactive iodine, potassium iodide protects the thyroid gland by blocking the thyroidal uptake of radioactive isotopes of iodine.|The mechanism of action of potassium iodide's antifungal activity against Sporothix schenckii has not been determined. Potassium iodide does not appear to increase monocyte or neutrophil killing of S. schenckii in in vitro studies. However, exposure of the yeast form of S. schenckii to various concentrations of iodine (iodine and potassium iodide solution) has resulted in rapid cell destruction.|Potassium iodide is thought to act as an expectorant by increasing respiratory tract secretions and thereby decreasing the viscosity of mucous ...|When potassium iodide is administered simultaneously with radiation exposure, the protectant effect is approximately 97%. Potassium iodide given 12 and 24 hours before exposure yields a 90% and 70% protectant effect, respectively. However, potassium iodide administered 1 and 3 hours after exposure results in an 85% and 50% protectant effect, respectively. Potassium iodide administered more than 6 hours after exposure is thought to have a negligible protectant effect.

Impurities: sulfates and heavy metals|Typically less than 1 ppm H2O-OH in 99.9995% purity, ultradry grades

May irritate eyes or open cuts. (USCG, 1999)

Flush all affected areas with water. (USCG, 1999)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Iodism (chronic iodine poisoning) may follow prolonged use; symptoms include metallic taste, sore mouth, swollen eyelids sneezing, skin eruptions, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, and diarrhea. ... angioedema, laryngeal edema, and cutaneous hemorrhages may occur.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Serum-sickness type of hypersensitivity, such as fever, arthralgia, lymph node enlargement, and eosinophilia, may appear. Thromobotic thrombocytopenic purpura and fatal periarteritis nodosa attributed to hypersensitivity to iodide ... described. /Iodide preparations/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In a small proportion of individuals given large doses of iodide for long periods ... thyroid gland shows hyperplasia & is depleted of stores of iodine. Thyroid hormone corrects hypothyroidism and causes goiter to subside ... /Iodide preparation/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Hypersensitivity reactions to iodides may occur and may be manifested by angioedema, cutaneous and mucosal hemorrhage, and signs and symptoms resembling serum sickness, such as fever, arthralgia, lymph node enlargement, and eosinophilia. Urticaria, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and fatal periarteritis have also been attributed to iodide hypersensitivity. Hypocomplementemic vasculitis in some patients with chronic urticaria or systemic lupus erythematosus has been associated with iodide sensitivity, and some clinicians caution that potassium iodide may precipitate severe systemic illness in such patients. Jodbasedow or iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis may occur with low doses of iodides (i.e., less than 25 mg of iodine daily); this effect is uncommon in the US but more frequent in areas with endemic iodine deficiency.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM IODIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Antistrumin

Oral: Solution: 249 mg (of iodide) per 5 mL Pima Syrup, (Fleming), 1 g/mL SSKI, (Upsher-Smith) Tablets: 65 mg Thyro-Safe (scored), (Recip US); 130 mg Iosat, (Anbec). Thyro-Block (scored), (MedPointe).|Available in 99.9995% purity, ultradry grades; 45% solution

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Potassium iodide (KI): ACTIVE|Potassium Iodide of commerce contains about 99.5% KI.|Incompatibilities: Alkaloidal salts, chlorate hydrate, tartaric and other acids, calomel, potassium chlorate, metallic salts.|VET: Potassium iodide contains 76.45% iodine & 23.55% potassium. ...iodized salt usually contains about 0.007% iodine or about 0.01% potassium iodide. Adequate use of such salt in feed rations assures adequate iodine intake for normal nutritional needs but not necessarily for therapy.

Titrimetic determination in iodine ointment.|Emission spectrographic method. /Potassium/|Analyte: potassium iodide; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with sodium bitartrate produces a white crystalline precipitate that is soluble in ammonium hydroxide and in solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates (Potassium test)|Analyte: potassium iodide; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: addition of chlorine colors the solution yellow to red; addition of chloroform colors the solution violet; addition of silver nitrate produces a yellow curdy precipitate that is insoluble in nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide (Iodide test)|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for POTASSIUM IODIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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