Rhodium

102.91

102.905502

233-397-6

DMK383DSAC

1247

3089

DTXSID3052480

C95190

Silvery-white, soft, ductile, malleable metal; face-centered cubic structure|...In air, it occurs in the form of gray fume or dust.

7110310000

0

0.00000

Red wire

12.41 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

1964 °C

3695 °C

H2O: Insoluble

Flammables area

0 mmHg (approx)

Combustible

Atomic number 45; valences 1-6; most common states 1, 3; One naturally occurring isotope:103; artificial radioactive isotopes: 97-102; 104-110|Electrical resistivity 4.51 microohm-cm @ 0 °C; Brinell hardness: 100; Not attacked by acids even aqua regia when in compact form; the finely divided metal reacts with aqua regia; Absorbs oxygen when melted; at a read heat is slowly oxidized to the sesquioxide; Converted to the trihalide by chlorine or bromine at a red heat; not attacked by fluorine.|Enthalpy of formation: 556.9 kJ/mol (gas); Heat capacity: 25.0 J/mol K (crystal); 21.0 J/mol K (gas)|Enthalpy of fusion: 26.59 kJ/mol|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for RHODIUM (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water

Metals, Less Reactive

Highly Flammable

RHODIUM FUME is flammable. Acts as a reducing agent. Reacts violently with BrF5, ClF3 and OF2. Reacts with fluorine, with chlorine (when heated), hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide (when heated), and nitrogen dioxide. Also incompatible with Zn. May catalyze reactions between other materials. Reactivity may be altered by the presence of insoluble rhodium compounds depending on the specific compounds and their proportions in the mixture.

Metal: Noncombustible Solid in bulk form, but flammable as dust or powder.

III

4.1

UN 3089 4.1/PG 2

3

36/38-11-36/37/38-36-34-23

26-24/25-16-22-36-17-45-36/37/39

VI9069000

C,Xi,F

Treasury with low temperature, ventilation and dry; anti-open flame; anti-static

Converted to trihalide by chlorine or bromine at a red heat; not attacked by fluorine.

P210

H413

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Violent reaction to chlorine, bromine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride and /fluorine monoxide/|Chlorine trifluoride, oxygen difluoride.|Metallic rhodium prepared by heating its compounds in hydrogen must be allowed to cool in an inert atmosphere to prevent catalytic ignition of the sorbed hydrogen on exposure to air.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: May react violently or explosively on contact with water. Some are transported in flammable liquids. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some of these materials will burn with intense heat. Dusts or fumes may form explosive mixtures in air. Containers may explode when heated. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. (ERG, 2016)|Many reactions may cause fire or explosion.

|Warning|H228 (81.82%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]|P210, P240, P241, P280, and P370+P378|Aggregated GHS information provided by 248 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Danger|H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]|P261, P285, P304+P341, P342+P311, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2. Dousing metallic fires with water will generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.). Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers, G-1® or Met-L-X® powder. Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: If impossible to extinguish, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out. (ERG, 2016)|In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 50 meters (160 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 0.5 mg/cu m: (Assigned protection factor = 5) Any dust and mist respirator (if not present as a fume). /Rhodium (metal fume and insoluble compounds, as Rh)/|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 1 mg/cu m: (Assigned protection factor = 10) Any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators (if not present as a fume)/(Assigned protection factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator. /Rhodium (metal fume and insoluble compounds, as Rh)/|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 2.5 mg/cu m: (Assigned protection factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode/(Assigned protection factor = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a dust, mist, and fume filter. /Rhodium (metal fume and insoluble compounds, as Rh)/|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 5 mg/cu m: (Assigned protection factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. /Rhodium (metal fume and insoluble compounds, as Rh)/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for RHODIUM (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Moderate when exposed to heat or flame.|Flammable in powder form.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-Hour Time Weighted Avg: 0.1 mg/cu m. /Rhodium (as Rh), metal fume and insoluble compounds/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.1 mg/cu m.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

See Chemical Dangers.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

May cause mechanical irritation.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Belongs to the platinum group of metals. One of rarest elements; constitutes about 1x10-7% of the crust of the earth; found in small quantities associated with all native platinum: in minerals rhodite, sperrylite and iridosmine... Discovered in 1803 by Wollaston...|...Obtained from South America. ...In river sands of the Urals and in North America and South America. ...With other platinum metals in copper-nickel sulfide ores of the Sudbury, Ontario, region.

Exposure Routes: inhalation Symptoms: Possible respiratory sensitization Target Organs: respiratory system (NIOSH, 2016)

Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ No toxic effects of rhodium have been reported from...observations of human beings.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Workers wearing rings coated with rhodium showed negative rhodium patch tests though all other metals of which rings were constituted gave positive results.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Potential symptom of overexposure to metal fumes and insoluble compounds is respiratory sensitization.

Rhodium

inhalation

Possible resp sensitization

Cough.

Redness.

respiratory system

44% as a catalyst; 22% in electrical applications; 13% for electroplating jewelry; 12% for decorating glass and porcelain; 9% in misc applications (1975).

PRODUCED AS POWDER...SINGLE CRYSTALS ARE AVAILABLE.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Rhodium: ACTIVE|Annual world production...only 2 or 3 tons. ...Rhodium in small quantities costs about $450/Troy ounce.|Harder and higher-melting than platinum or palladium; highest in electrical and thermal conductivity of platinum group.

Method: EPA-NERL 265.1, Rhodium (Atomic Absorption, Direct Aspiration); Analyte: rhodium; Matrix: water; Detection Level: 50 ug/L.|Method: EPA-NERL 265.2, Rhodium (Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique); Analyte: rhodium; Matrix: water; Detection Level: 5 ug/L.|NIOSH Method: S188; Analyte: rhodium, metal fume and dust; Matrix: air; Procedure: Atomic Absorption; Detection Level: not reported. /Rhodium, Metal Fume and Dust/|Determination of rhodium in platinum-rhodium catalyst by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.