Permanganic acid (HMnO4), barium salt

375.198298

389.85000

232-110-1

YQV1TGU8UP

1448

Brownish-violet to black crystals|Dark purple crystals

101.50000

Barium permanganate appears as a purplish colored crystalline solid. Noncombustible, but accelerates burning of combustible material. Finely divided combustible materials may be explosive. May spontaneously ignite on contact with combustible liquids. Contact with sulfuric acid may result in fires or explosions. Used as a disinfectant and to make other permanganates.

3.77 g/cm³

200 °C (decomp)

62.5g/100mL (10°C) H2O; decomposed by alcohol [MER06] [CRC10]

Protect containers against physical damage. /Manganese & manganese cmpd/

Spontaneous combustion when mixed with ethanol and glycerin; combustible in case of organic matter

Fire and explosion risk in contact with organic materials.

Odorless

Decomposed by alcohol|Oxidizing material

Soluble in water.

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Acetic acid or acetic anhydride can explode with permanganates, such as BARIUM PERMANGANATE, if not kept cold [Von Schwartz 1918 p 34]. Explosions can occur when permanganates that have been treated with sulfuric acid come in contact with benzene, carbon disulfide, diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, petroleum, or organic matter.

II

5.1

1448

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from fuel, organic matter, reducing agent, acid and ammonium salt

Explosive when mixed with ammonium salt and organic matter

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|... Ion exchange, lime softening and reverse osmosis are effective to remove barium from drinking water. Conventional coagulation/filtration processes are not effective to remove barium from drinking water. /Barium ion/|Package lots. Place in a separate labeled container for recycling or disposal. Small quantities. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Avoid breathing dust. Dissolve the barium salt in the minimum volume of water. For each gram of barium salt, add 15 mL of 10% sodium sulfate solution. Let stand for 1 week. Test for completeness of precipitation by adding a few drops of 10% sodium sulfate solution. If required, add more sodium sulfate solution until no further precipitation occurs. Decant supernatant liquid or filter solid. Treat solid as normal refuse. Wash liquid into drain. /Barium salt/

When mixed with combustible material, can ignite by friction or acids ... .|Contact with sulfuric acid may result in fires or explosions.|Can react violently with most metal powders, ammonia, and ammonium salts, phosphorus, many finely divided organic compounds, flammable liquids, acids, and sulfur. /Permanganates/|Permanganates are explosive when treated with sulfuric acid. When both compounds are used in an absorption train, an empty trap should be placed between them. /Permanganates/|Materials susceptible to spontaneous combustion include ... organic materials mixed with strong oxidizing agents (such as ... permanganates) ... /Permanganates/

Behavior in Fire: Can increase the intensity of fire. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]: Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2016)

Goggles or face shield; dust respirator; rubber gloves and shoes. (USCG, 1999)|Protective equipment /incl/ ... face shield; /NIOSH approved/ respirator; rubber ... shoes.|Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 10 mg/cu m /Manganese compounds and fume (as Mn)/: [Table#1198]|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 25 mg/cu m /Manganese compounds and fume (as Mn)/: [Table#1199]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Barium permanganate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

This material itself is non-combustible but will accelerate the burning of combustible material.

Fire and explosion risk in contact with organic materials.

Barium permanganate does not burn, but contact with organic and combustible materials may cause fires or explosions. In case of fire, evacuate the area and fight the fire from a safe, protected location ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible ... If fire becomes uncontrollable, consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

Containers may explode in fire.|This material itself is non-combustible but it will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If the combustible material is finely divided the mixture may be explosive.

Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.|The sulfate may be brushed up and treated as normal refuse. Soluble barium salts should be scooped up and treated as for waste disposal. Wash the spill area thoroughly with water. /Soluble barium salts/|Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Barium/|Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Barium/|For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Barium permanganate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts. Avoid bodily contact with the material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact ... Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn.|Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Barium permanganate (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some may burn rapidly. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.|/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Health: Toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of dust is toxic. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Barium permanganate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Dust: Irritating to eyes, nose, and throat. ... Solid: Irritating to skin and eyes.|Soluble barium compounds may cause local irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, bronchial tubes, and skin. /Soluble barium cmpd (as barium)/

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Barium permanganate is included on this list.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

D005; A waste containing barium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Barium/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Barium/

D005; A solid waste containing barium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Barium/

Their former extensive local application in treatment of urethritis has become obsolete. /Permanganates/|Most bacteria are killed within 1 hr by permanganates in dilution of 1:10,000, but some microorganisms survive exposure to much higher concn. Germicidal efficiency ... Is greatly reduced in presence of org matter. /Permanganates/

5 g /From table, permanganate/

Manganous ion resulting from redn of permanganate is astringent, & this aids in suppression of inflammation. /Permangantes/

Inhalation or contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. Ingestion causes abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, pallor, shortness of breath. (USCG, 1999)

Get medical attention. Alert doctor to possibility of barium poisoning, particularly if compound was swallowed. INHALATION: remove to fresh air. EYES: flush with copious amounts of water for 15 min. SKIN: wash with copious amounts of water. INGESTION: induce vomiting; give a 10% water solution of Epsom salt. (USCG, 1999)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Barium and Related Compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Barium permanganate (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: Skin and eye contact can cause severe irritation and burns. Barium permanganate can affect you when breathed in. Breathing the dust or mist can irritate the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes, causing cough and phlegm. Exposure to either form can affect the nervous system and cause hypokalemia, which can cause heart disorders. Long Term Exposure: After repeated exposure, barium may show up as spots in the lungs on chest X-ray. Some barium chemicals are contaminated with silica, which scars the lungs. Animal studies have found increased blood pressure and changes in the heart from ingesting barium over a long time. Repeated contact may cause chronic drying and cracking skin.

Grade or purity: Commercial

Lux in Handbook of Preparative Inorg Chem, Vol I, G Brauer, ed (Academic Press, NY, 2nd ed, 1963) p 1462.