Ammonium vanadium oxide ((NH4)VO3)

116.98

116.963081

232-261-3

FL85PX638G

1522

2859|3285

DTXSID1052533

White or slightly yellow, crystalline powder|White crystals

28419030

57.20000

0.01980

White to yellow Solid

2.326 g/cm³

200 °C (decomp)

H2O: 5.1 g/L (20 ºC)

Store at RT.

Oral-rat LD50: 58.1 mg/kg; Abdominal cavity-mouse LD50: 49.9 mg/kg

Flammable; heat produces toxic nitrogen oxides, vanadium oxides and ammonia fumes

<7.0 in aqueous solution (acts as an acid to neutralize bases)

Thermal decomposition starts at 70 °C. Readily converted to V2O5 at elevated temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres. Heat of formation: -1551.0 kJ/mol at 25 °C.|Loses water and ammonia on heating.|At a concentration of 30 mg/L, ammonium metavanadate gives water a just discernible tint... .|Within tissues in organisms, V3+ and V4+ predominate because of largely reducing conditions; in plasma, however, which is high in oxygen, V5+ is formed.|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Slightly soluble in water.

Salts, Acidic

Acidic inorganic salts, such as AMMONIUM METAVANADATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. Ammonium metavanadate is a weak oxidizing agent, and may react with strong or weak reducing agents to generate heat and products that may be flammable, combustible, or otherwise reactive.

II

6.1

UN 2859 6.1/PG 2

3

25-26-36/37/38-20-34-22-36/37-23/24/25

26-36/37/39-45-37/39-22-28

YW0875000

T+,T

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from combustibles, reducing agents and food

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture - hygroscopic.

P260-P284-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H301-H315-H319-H330-H335

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P119, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.|Vanadic Acid, Ammonium metavanadate is a poor candidate for incineration.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Incompatible materials: Strong acids and oxidizing agents.|Lithium, chlorine trifluoride. /Vanadium dust, Vanadium fume/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P312, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 33 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301 (99.23%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P312, P320, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 822 companies from 24 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P301+P310, P304+P312, P304+P340, P307+P311, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P330, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nonflammable

Suitable extinguishing media: Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficultly). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.|Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For UN3171, if Lithium ion batteries are involved, also consult GUIDE 147.|/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Ammonium metavanadate is included on the dangerous goods list.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Ammonium metavanadate is included on the dangerous goods list.

Vanadium compounds act chiefly as an irritant to the conjunctiva and respiratory tract. /Vanadium compounds/|... Extensive evidence exists that vanadium dust (usually the pentoxide) is severely irritating to the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract. /Vanadium dust/|Vanadium is a primary irritant to the ... skin. /Vanadium/|Potential symptoms of overexposure to dust or fumes are irritation of eyes, skin, throat ... . /Vanadium dust and fumes/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Minute Ceiling value: 0.05 mg V/cu m. /Vanadium dust; The REL applies to all vanadium compounds except vanadium metal and vanadium carbide./

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of dust may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the respiratory tract. This may result in chronic rhinitis and chronic bronchitis.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

P119; An acute hazardous waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

P119; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when ammonium vanadate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

most toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ammonium metavanadate is a white or slightly yellow, crystalline powder. It is used in dyeing and printing on woolens; staining wood black; manufacture of vanadium black and "indelible ink"; producing vanadium luster on pottery; as photographic developer; in hematoxylin staining in microscopy; as a reagent in analytical chemistry. Because of its ready conversion to vanadium pentoxide at elevated temperatures, it is used as a substitute. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: One worker was exposed to large amounts of dry ammonium vanadate dust over a 6-hr period while shovelling powder into a bin. Within 2 hr of commencing work, retro-orbital headache, tears, dry mouth, and green discoloration of the tongue were reported. There was a marked green discoloration of the skin of the fingers, scrotum, and upper legs. His nose was reported to be stuffy, and he was lethargic. The next day, his testicles were swollen and tender, and, on the third day after exposure, he developed wheezing, dyspnea, and a cough productive of green sputum. He had several small hemoptyses over the following 2 weeks. Wheezing and dyspnea persisted for about 1 month; chest symptoms were at their worst 3 weeks after the incident. On examination 6 weeks after the last exposure, he was asymptomatic, with the exception of a partially blocked left nostril and the reddened appearance of nasal mucosa. Chest examination revealed no abnormality. Pulmonary function assessment showed normal lung volume, forced expiratory flow rate, and gas transfer. He had a mild eosinophilia of the peripheral blood. In human fibroblast cultures VO3- can induce DNA synthesis and cell growth. Ammonium metavanadate was not found to increase the frequency of structural chromosome aberrations in human leukocytes, whereas a significant increase in numerical aberrations, micronuclei, and satellite associations was found. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applied to the human lymphocyte micronucleus assay, by means of an alphoid centromere-specific DNA probe, confirmed the aneuploidogenic potentiality of vanadium. ANIMAL STUDIES: Acute tubular necrosis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and necrosis of lymphoid tissue were demonstrated in mice receiving 20 mg vanadium/kg of ammonium metavanadate solutions. In a 3-month study, rats received ammonium metavanadate at a concentration of 200 mg/L (in terms of vanadium) in their drinking water. Animals exhibited retardation of body weight gain and anemia. Gross pathology examination revealed parenchymatous dystrophy of the liver and kidneys with the formation of cylinders in the tubules in some animals. Neurophysiological effects have been reported following acute exposure (oral and sc injection) of dogs and rabbits to vanadium oxides and salts including ammonium metavanadate. These include disturbances of the central nervous system (impaired conditioned reflexes and neuromuscular excitability). The teratogenicity of ammonium vanadate was studied in hamsters. Twenty pregnant hamsters per dose group received 0, 0.47, 1.88, and 3.75 mg/kg of ammonium vanadate by ip injection on gestation days 5 through 10. Pregnant females were killed on day 15. There was a statistically significant increase in skeletal abnormalities and a decrease in the male:female ratio. Ammonium metavanadate increased the convertant and revertant frequencies in the D7 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the highest activity was observed without metabolic activation. The micronucleus test was found to be positive for ammonium metavanadate in bone marrow of mice following intragastric treatment. In contrast, no difference was found between controls and treated animals in the structural chromosome aberration test performed 24 and 36 hr after treatment. In studies with ammonium metavanadate at concentrations of 5-40 uM, weak mutagenesis was demonstrated at the hprt gene of Chinese hamster V79 cells, and at the gpt locus of hprt-/gpt+ transgenic cell line G12. Female mice given ammonium metavanadate ip at doses of 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg, every 3 days for 3, 6, or 9 weeks, showed a dose-related increase in resistance to E. coli endotoxin lethality up to 6 weeks and a dose-related decrease in resistance to Listeria lethality. Enlargement of the liver and spleen with enhanced formation of splenic megakaryocytes and red blood cell precursors was also observed.

Today, vanadium compounds are frequently included in nutritional supplements and are also being developed for therapeutic use in diabetes mellitus. Previously, tissue uptake of vanadium from bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) was shown to be increased compared to its uptake from vanadyl sulfate (VS). Our primary objective was to test the hypothesis that complexation increases vanadium uptake and that this effect is independent of oxidation state. A secondary objective was to compare the effects of vanadium complexation and oxidation state on tissue iron, copper, and zinc. Wistar rats were fed either ammonium metavanadate (AMV), VS, or BMOV (1.2 mM each in the drinking water). Tissue uptake of V following 12 wk of BMOV or AMV was higher than that from VS (p<0.05). BMOV led to decreased tissue Zn and increased bone Fe content. The same three compounds were compared in a cellular model of absorption (Caco-2 cells). Vanadium uptake from VS was higher than that from BMOV or AMV at 10 min, but from BMOV (250 uM only, 60 min), uptake was far greater than from AMV or VS. These results show that neither complexation nor oxidation state alone are adequate predictors of relative absorption, tissue accumulation, or trace element interactions.|Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated the potential anticarcinogenicity of vanadium, a dietary micronutrient in rat liver, colon, and mammary carcinogenesis models in vivo. In this paper, we have investigated further the antihepatocarcinogenic role of this essential trace element by studying several biomarkers of chemical carcinogenesis with special reference to cell proliferation and oxidative DNA damage. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by chronic feeding of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) at a dose of 0.05% in basal diet daily for 5 days a week. Vanadium in the form of ammonium metavanadate (0.5 ppm equivalent to 4.27 umol/L) was supplemented ad lib to the rats. Continuous vanadium administration reduced relative liver weight, nodular incidence (79.99%), total number, and multiplicity (p<0.001; 68.17%) along with improvement in hepatocellular architecture when compared to carcinogen control. Vanadium treatment further restored hepatic uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyl transferase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activities, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and prevented the development of glycogen-storage preneoplastic foci (p<0.01; 63.29%) in an initiation-promotion model. Long-term vanadium treatment also reduced bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelling index (p<0.02) and inhibited cell proliferation during hepatocellular preneoplasia. Finally, short-term vanadium exposure abated the formations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosines (p<0.001; 56.27%), length:width of DNA mass (p<0.01), and the mean frequency of tailed DNA (p<0.001) in preneoplastic rat liver. The study indicates the potential role of vanadium in suppressing cell proliferation and in preventing early DNA damage in vivo. Vanadium is chemopreventive against the early stages of 2-AAF-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.|Metallo-elements including Vanadium (V) have strong affinity for sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in biological molecules including Glutathione (GSH) in tissues. Because of this fact it was of interest to further investigate the interaction of Ammonium Vanadate [NH(4)VO(3)] with Glutathione as a biomarker of toxicity and the role of Glutathione in the detoxification and conjugation pr(o)Cesses in whole blood components including plasma and cytosolic fraction. Effects of different concentrations of Ammonium Vanadate [NH(4)VO(3)] on the level of reduced Glutathione in whole blood components (Plasma and Cytosolic fraction) were examined. GSH depletion in plasma and cytosolic fraction was Ammonium Vanadate's concentration-dependent. Depleted GSH level was more pronounced with more incubation time period. These findings show that changes in the GSH status produced by Ammonium Vanadate could be due to either by adduct formation of Vanadium and glutathione, i.e., (V-SG) or by increased production of oxidized Glutathione (2GSH +V(+5) /produces/ GSSG). This change in GSH metabolic status provides some information regarding the mechanism of toxicity by Ammonium Vanadate and the protective role of glutathione.|Expression pattern of heat shock proteins (Hsp) 72/73 and glucose regulated protein (Grp) 94 was studied in liver, kidney and testis of rats injected with sublethal doses of ammonium metavanadate (5 mg/kg/day). In addition, some batches of animals were given green tea decoction, known to be rich in anti-oxidative compounds, as sole beverage in order to evaluate its protective properties. In control animals, the stress proteins expression was found to be organ-dependent: anti-Grp94 antibody revealed two bands at 96 and 98 kDa in kidney and liver whereas the 98 kDa band only was found in testis; anti-Hsp72/73 antibody revealed that the constitutive Hsp73 was present in all organs whereas the inducible Hsp72 was only present in kidney and testis. In kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Hsp73 was over-expressed by about 50% whereas Hsp72 was down-regulated by 50-80%. No such effects were observed in liver and testis. In liver and kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Grp94 was over-expressed by 50% and 150%, respectively, whereas no change was found in testis. In rats given green tea as sole beverage, the 96 kDa protein expression level in liver was reduced both in controls and in vanadium-treated animals. However, green tea drinking failed to prevent the vanadium-induced Hsp72 under-expression in kidney of vanadium-treated rats.|For more Interactions (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Rat oral 58.1 mg/kg|LD50 Rat dermal 2102 mg/kg|LD50 Rat ip 18 mg/kg|LD50 Rat sc 23 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 7.8 mg/cu m/4 hr

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A concentration of 0.02 mg/L, as ammonium vanadate, interfered with the cell division of the fresh-water algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, whereas 0.25 mg/L was lethal. /Ammonium vanadate/|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ This paper deals with the underlying biochemical mechanism of the cytotoxicity of vanadium (as ammonium monovanadate) in a warm water teleost, Clarias batrachus (Linn). Lipid peroxidation, a well-known biochemical marker for cell injury, was found to be significantly enhanced in fish liver, kidney, and brain after 12 hr and maximally induced after 72 hr exposure of this compound (10 mg/L). When the fish were exposed to 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L of vanadium compound for 72 hr, lipid peroxidation in these three organs were elevated dose-dependently but the degree of increase varied between organs. The induction of both enzymatic (paraquat-NADPH) and nonenzymatic (ascorbate-Fe2+) in vitro lipid peroxidation was enhanced by this vanadium salt when added in micromolar concentrations (42 or 85 uM) to the liver, kidney, and brain microsomal preparations. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that kidney tissue was most severely affected with acute vanadium intoxication, followed by liver and brain. /Ammonium monovanadate/|/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ There is little known regarding vanadium toxicity to soil biota, and the present study was set up to determine the toxicity of added vanadate to soil organisms and to investigate the relationship between toxicity and vanadium sorption in soils. Five soils with contrasting properties were spiked with 7 different doses (3.2-3200 mg V/kg) of dissolved vanadate, and toxicity was measured with 2 microbial and 3 plant assays. The median effective concentration (EC50) thresholds of the microbial assays ranged from 28 mg added V/kg to 690 mg added V/kg, and the EC50s in the plant assays ranged from 18 mg added V/kg to 510 mg added V/kg. The lower thresholds were in the concentration range of the background vanadium in the untreated control soils (15-58 mg V/kg). The vanadium toxicity to plants decreased with a stronger soil vanadium sorption strength. The EC50 values for plants expressed on a soil solution basis ranged from 0.8 mg V/L to 15 mg V/L and were less variable among soils than corresponding values based on total vanadium in soil. It is concluded that sorption decreases the toxicity of added vanadate and that soil solution vanadium is a more robust measure to determine critical vanadium concentrations across soils. /Vanadate/|/PLANTS/ Red mud (RM) is a byproduct of aluminum production; worldwide between 70 and 120 million tons is produced annually. ...RM which was released in the course of the Kolontar disaster in Hungary into the environment /was analyzed/ in acute and genotoxicity experiments with plants which are widely used for environmental monitoring. ...Induction of micronuclei /was found/ which reflect chromosomal damage in tetrads of Tradescantia and in root cells of Allium as well as retardation of root growth with contaminated soils and leachates. Chemical analyses showed that RM contains metals, in particular high concentrations of vanadium. Follow-up experiments indicated that vanadate causes the effects in the plants. This compound causes also in humans DNA damage and positive results were obtained in carcinogenicity studies. Since it was found also in RM from other production sites our findings indicate that its release in the environment is a global problem which should be studied in more detail. /Vanadate/

Ammonium metavanadate's production and use as in dyes, inks, varnishes and paints, as a photographic developer and as a catalyst and reagent(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Log Kd values for ammonium vanadate determined in 11 soils from 10 soil orders were as follows(1):[Table#5864]

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of ammonium metavanadate in the United States may be as low as 25-49 workers and as high as 50-99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,895 workers (1,548 of these are female) are potentially exposed to ammonium metavanadate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ammonium metavanadate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ammonium metavanadate is produced or used(2). Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ammonium metavanadate via dermal contact with consumer products containing ammonium metavanadate(SRC).

Within tissues in organisms, V3+ and V4+ predominate because of largely reducing conditions; in plasma, however, which is high in oxygen, V5+ is formed.|/In/ calves given 10-20 mg/kg of ammonium metavanadate by mouth daily ...levels of vanadium in the liver ranged from 0.3 to 5.1 ppm of wet tissue, in the kidney from 6.0 to 40.

10 ppm total metallic impurities /in high-purity grade/.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepan (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In 1956... /a study/ reported symptoms of respiratory tract irritation (sneezing, minor epistaxis, and coughing) and eye irritation experienced by men occupationally exposed to dust containing a mixture of vanadium pentoxide, sodium, and ammonium metavanadate. These men were exposed to vanadium-bearing dust concentrations ranging from 3.6-25.1 mg/cu m, 95% of which consisted of particles below 5 um. /Vanadium dusts/|/CASE REPORTS/ The case histories of four men were reported... . One worker was exposed to large amounts of dry ammonium vanadate dust over a 6-hr period while shovelling powder into a bin. Within 2 hr of commencing work, retro-orbital headache, epiphora (tears), dry mouth, and green discoloration of the tongue were reported. There was a marked green discoloration of the skin of the fingers (despite the use of gloves), scrotum, and upper legs. His nose was reported to be stuffy, and he was lethargic. The next day, his testicles were swollen and tender, and, on the third day after exposure, he developed wheezing, dyspnea, and a cough productive of green sputum. He had several small hemoptyses over the following 2 weeks. Wheezing and dyspnea persisted for about 1 month; chest symptoms were at their worst 3 weeks after the incident. On examination 6 weeks after the last exposure, he was asymptomatic, with the exception of a partially blocked left nostril and the reddened appearance of nasal mucosa. Chest examination revealed no abnormality. Pulmonary function assessment showed normal lung volume, forced expiratory flow rate, and gas transfer. He had a mild eosinophilia of the peripheral blood. The other three workers also reported broadly similar findings (e.g., green discoloration of the tongue and skin, respiratory difficulties) associated with exposure to vanadium pentoxide.|/GENOTOXICITY/ The genotoxicity of four vanadium compounds, sodium metavanadate (NaVO3), ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3), sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4) and vanadyl sulfate (SVO5), was evaluated in human lymphocyte cultures using structural and numerical chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, sister-chromatid exchanges and satellite chromosome associations as endpoints. These compounds were not found to increase the frequency of structural chromosome aberrations whereas a significant increase in numerical aberrations, micronuclei and satellite associations was found. Since these results could have been related to a possible mechanism of the action of vanadium as a mitotic spindle poison, the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was applied to the human lymphocyte micronucleus assay, by means of an alphoid centromere-specific DNA probe. The four vanadium salts showed a micronucleus percentage with positive signal (presence of centromere and thus of whole chromosome(s)) that was always higher than 68% at all doses tested. That confirmed the aneuploidogenic potentiality of vanadium.|/GENOTOXICITY/ ...Ammonium metavanadate... /was/ not found to increase the frequency of structural chromosome aberrations /in human leukocytes/, whereas a significant increase in numerical aberrations, micronuclei, and satellite associations was found. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applied to the human lymphocyte micronucleus assay, by means of an alphoid centromere-specific DNA probe, confirmed the aneuploidogenic potentiality of vanadium.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ammonium metavanadate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Cough. Laboured breathing.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

/Available in/ 77-78% V2O5 grades, high-purity grade, and technical grade.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Vanadate (VO31-), ammonium (1:1): ACTIVE|Ammonium metavanadate and, to a lesser extent, potassium and sodium metavanadates, are the main vanadates of commercial interest.|Under environmental conditions, vanadium may exist in oxidation states +3, +4, and +5. V3+ and V4+ act as cations, but V5+, the most common form in the aquatic environment, reacts both as a cation and anionically as an analogue of phosphate. /Vanadium ions/