Silane

32.11730

32.00820

232-263-4

0564

2203

DTXSID6052534

Colorless gas

3910000000

0 Ų

-1.45160

Silane is a colorless, flammable and poisonous gas, with a strong repulsive odor. It is easily ignited in air, reacts with oxidizing agents, is very toxic by inhalation, and is a strong irritant to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Silane is lighter than air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is used in the production of amorphous silicon.

0.680 g/cm³ @ Temp: -185 °C

-185 °C

-112 °C

NA (Gas)

decomposed by H2O; insoluble alcohol, benzene [HAW93]

Fireproof.|Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated location. Separate from alkalies, oxidizing materials, halogens, and air. Outside or detached storage is preferred.

greater than 1 atm (NIOSH, 2016)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.3|1.11

Repulsive odor

Gaseous or liquid cmpd of silicon and hydrogen ... analogous to alkanes or saturated hydrocarbons.|Specific gravity: 1.44 g/L (gas)|Decomp rapidly at 500 °C, slowly at 250 °C; undergoes reactions such as addition to the double bond of olefins, although limited by the competing decomp reaction, forming cmpd such as ethyl silane; similar cmpd form with more unsaturated carbon cmpd, yielding an endless variety of organosilanes|Silane ignites spontaneously in air.

Highly flammable. Pure state ignites in air, the first seven to eight of the series 6H2n+1 ignite spontaneously in air at room temperature or slightly elevated temperatures [Mellor 1:376 1946-47]. Slowly reacts with water to form silicon hydroxides and hydrogen gas.

Nitrides, Phosphides, Carbides, and Silicides

Highly Flammable

Slowly reacts with water to form silicon hydroxides and hydrogen gas [Hydrides of the Elements of Main Groups I - IV 1971 p.513]. Silane burns in contact with bromine, chlorine or covalent chlorides (carbonyl chloride, antimony pentachloride, tin(IV) chloride). Even traces of the free halogens may cause violent explosions, when handling silane, extreme caution should be taken, [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 6, 220]. Mixtures of silane and nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, detonate very easily, [Chem. Abs., 1990, 112, 121711].

Pyrophoric

Lower flammable limit: 1.4% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 96 (est)% by volume|Flammable Gas (may ignite SPONTANEOUSLY in air).

The gas is heavier than air.

2.1

UN 2203

1

R12;R17;R20

S9-S16-S33-S36/37/39

VV1400000

F+:Highlyflammable;Xn:Harmful;

Stable at ordinary temp; completely decomp at approx 400 °C into silicon and hydrogen; decomp by an electric dischage ... .

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

... Attacked by water in the presence of even minute traces of hydroxyl ion to evolve hydrogen and form silicic acid or hydrated silicon dioxide. The reaction with water is further accelerated by larger amt of inorganic or organic bases.|Halogens (bromine, chlorine, carbonyl chloride, antimony pentachloride, tin(IV) chloride), water.|Can react with oxidizing materials.|Silane burns in contact with bromine, chlorine or covalent chlorides (carbonyl chloride, antimony pentachloride, tin(IV) chloride, etc). Extreme caution is necessary when handling silane in systems with halogenated cmpd, as a trace of free halogen may cause violent explosions.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for SILANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Silane; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2000; 2000/15OSH/014.|Moskowitz PD et al; p.97-113 in Hazard Assessment and Control Technology in Semiconductor Manufacture (1989)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116 [Gases - Flammable (Unstable)]: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Silane (UN2203) will ignite spontaneously in air. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. (ERG, 2016)|Extremely flammable. Gas/air mixtures are explosive.|Flammable - 4th degree, Reactive - 3rd degree

|Danger|H220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]|P210, P377, P381, P403, and P410+P403|Aggregated GHS information provided by 149 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]|P210, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116 [Gases - Flammable (Unstable)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116 [Gases - Flammable (Unstable)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Cold-insulating gloves. Safety goggles, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.|Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.|(See protection codes)

Silicone hydride will ignite in air by slightly raising the temp or lowering the pressure.|... /Silane/ is mildly endothermic ... Pure material is said not to ignite in air unless the temp be incr or the pressure reduced. Presence of other hydrides as impurities causes ignition always to occur on contact. However, 99.95% pure material, even at concn down to 1% in hydrogen and/or nitrogen, ignites in contact with air unless emerging at very high gas velocity, when mixtures with up to 10% silane content may not ignite. Silane from a cylinder at 24 bar contained inside a ventilated cabinet inadvertently flowed back to the low pressure side of a nitrogen cylinder regulator outside the cabinet. When the regulator failed, the leaking silane ignited and burned outside the cabinet, preventing access to the main silane valve, and the leak reignited after extinguishing the fire. The system has been redesigned to eliminate the problems.|Pyrophoric. Flammable gas. Low ignition energy ...|Extremely flammable ... /Silane/ decomposes on heating or on burning producing silicon and hydrogen, causing fire and explosion hazard ...

Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.|... Silanes ... form spontaneously ... explosive mixtures with air. /Silanes/|... /Saline/decomposes on heating or on burning producing silicon and hydrogen, causing fire and explosion hazard ...|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.37-100

Use fine spray or fog to control fire by preventing its spread and absorbing some of its heat. Stop flow of gas before extinguishing fire. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Do not use halocarbons. Explosive decomposition may occur under fore conditions. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Approach fore from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Do not apply water to point of leak in tank car or container. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.|Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out; in other cases extinguish with powder, carbon dioxide.

... React slowly with water ... A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.|Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Ventilation. Remove gas with fine water spray (extra personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus).|Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Releases may ignite spontaneously.

CAUTION: Silanes are toxic. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Use effective fume removal device. /Silanes/|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|Evacuation: ... If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SILANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 116: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. ... Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.|/GUIDE 116: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.|/GUIDE 116: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas.|/GUIDE 116: GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SILANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Irritating to respiratory tract.|Avoid contact with skin and eyes. /Silanes/|Irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.|... /Silane/ irritates the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite.

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 ppm (7 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted avg: 5 ppm (7 mg/cu m).

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove gas with fine water spray.

Fireproof.

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.

STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Cold-insulating gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 4 - Materials that rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperature or that are readily dispersed in air and burn readily.| 3 - Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but that require a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation.

LC50 Rat inhalation 4000 ppm/4 hr|LD50 Rabbit subcutaneous 3540 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 9600 ppm/4 hr

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Impurities: Phosphorous trihydride, arsenic trihydride & boron hydride /in gaseous silane/.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116 [Gases - Flammable (Unstable)]: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. (ERG, 2016)

Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal (refer to ingestion protocol in Section Three ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and related compounds/|... ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower ... /For EYES:/ First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ACUTE ... SYMPTOMS: Inhalation--Cough. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat ; Skin--Redness. ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE; Eyes--Redness. Pain.

monosilane

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.|inhalation

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane; nausea, headache

Cough. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat.

Redness. ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

The composition of the silane mixture is 40 wt% silicone tetrahydride, 30 wt% silicon hydride, 15 wt% trisilane, & 15 wt% higher silanes.

Computer and electronic product manufacturing|Silane: ACTIVE|The parent silane cmpd is reported to have little application in industry; however, many of the derivatives have wide use.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 4th degree, Reactive - 3rd degree