Paraffin oils

338.696

338.019

232-384-2

EM6MD4AEHE

DTXSID3034743

Colorless, oily liquid|Colorless, oily liquid aerosol dispersed in air.|Transparent colorless oily liquid

27122090

122

0.00000

white; light oil

0.875-0.905 g/cm³

-24 °C

360 °C

>300°C

n20/D 1.467(lit.)

Soluble in ether. Sparingly soluble in ethanol. Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.

Store at room temperature

<0.5 mmHg

LD50 oral in rat: > 24gm/kg

Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.

Practically odorless even when warmed

Practically tasteless even when warmed

171.35 Ų [M]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: stepped-field]

Develops not more than a faint odor of petroleum when heated; free or nearly free from fluorescence|Burned lube oil odor /oil mist (mineral)/|Liquid surface tension: 27 dynes/ cm = 0.027 N/m at 20 °C|Liquid water interfacial tension: 47 dynes/ cm = 0.047 N/m at 70 °C

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

OIL. [MINERAL] may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted oil and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. Burns exothermically when heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents.

Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.

NONH for all modes of transport

1

36-51/53

26-61

PY8047000

Xi,N

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P301 + P310-P331

H304

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Incineration and landfill: Contaminated mineral oil can be disposed of by controlled incineration. An alternative can be the use of oily sand and debris for landfill at sites carefully chosen to avoid any risk of the oil causing contamination of water supplies.|Recycling and incineration: There are several stages of treatment. The final wastewater will probably require treatment, usually biological degradation, or perhaps carbon adsorption. The separated oil may be recycled, burnt for its heat content, incinerated if it is a difficult waste, or dumped. There are several ways of handling special wastes where the oil is relatively valuable and/or easily recoverable, and these include solvent extraction into an immiscible solvent, steam distillation, and air stripping of more volatile compound. It is always worth considering whether the recovery or reuse is technically and economically viable.|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Mineral oil (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

White mineral oil is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.|Mineral oil is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.|Mineral oil may safely be used in animal feed, subject to the provisions of this section. ... It is used in animal feeds for the following purposes: (1) To reduce dustiness of feeds or mineral supplements. (2) To serve as a lubricant in the preparation of pellets, cubes, or blocks and to improve resistance to moisture of such pellets, cubes, or blocks. (3) To prevent the segregation of trace minerals in mineralized salt. (4) To serve as a diluent carrier in the manufacture of feed grade biuret in accordance with good manufacturing practice. (5) For the removal of water from substances intended as ingredients of animal feed. ... The quantity of mineral oil used in animal feed shall not exceed 3.0 percent in mineral supplements, nor shall it exceed 0.06 percent of the total ration when present in feed or feed concentrates.

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H304 (93.84%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]|P301+P310, P331, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2848 companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P301+P310, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P312, P314, P331, P332+P313, P337+P313, P405, and P501

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material under ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 mg/cu m: [Table#3682]|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 125 mg/cu m: [Table#3683]|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 250 mg/cu m: [Table#3684]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Mineral oil (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200 °F.

Slightly combustible liquid when exposed to heat or flame.

To fight fire, use dry chemical, CO2, foam.|Water or Foam May Cause Frothing.|Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. ...Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.|1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber. /Mineral oil mist/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Mineral oil (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A skin and eye irritant.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Mist/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 5 mg/cu m.|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Minute Short-Term Exposure Limit: 10 mg/cu m.

| 0 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible materials.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Mineral oil is a colorless oily liquid. It is used in pharmaceutical preparations (processing aids, intestinal lubricants), cosmetics (cold creams, hair preparations), food applicants (release agents, binders, flotation sealants, defoaming agents, protective coatings), food packaging and processing, chemical and plastics industry (processing medium, extenders, plasticizers), and animal feed products. HUMAN STUDIES: It can be applied to human eyes without causing discomfort or signs of irritation. Foreign-body granulomas or paraffinomas in the liver, spleen, or mesenteric lymph nodes have been reported following systemic absorption of mineral oil. Lipid granulomas of the lung are localized lipid pneumonia, usually found in adults as a result of habitual use of large amounts of mineral oil by nasal, oral or pharyngeal administration for prolonged periods of time. Peritoneal lipid granuloma was observed in an individual who received mineral oil in the chest for a permanent collapse of the lung (oleothorax); it was noted that the substance had been introduced inadvertently into the abdominal cavity. In the 1940s, oleothorax (paraffin oil instillation) was widely used to treat patients with apical tuberculosis. The oil plombage should have been removed after a few years; however, since oleothoraces were usually asymptomatic, removal was uncommon. These elderly patients are at risk of late complications, such as rupture of the oleothorax and aspiration of oil. Injection of mineral oil to change physical configuration is an obsolete procedure from 1899, revived by bodybuilders as an alternative to intramuscular injections of steroids. Paraffin oil has destructive consequences: skin inflammation, hard edema, sterile abscesses, diffuse lymphangitis and paraffinomas. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rabbits injected ip with 30 mL mineral oil scored an unusually high frequency (2.8%) of well-spread metaphases in the peritoneal cavity. Plasmacytomas were found in 58% of 373 mice given three 0.5-mL doses of mineral oil. A group of 30 rats received 2% mineral oil in the diet (total dose, 136 mL/animal in 500 days); no significant tumor induction was reported.

Concurrent use of /anticoagulants, coumarin- or indandione-derivative, oral, or contraceptive, oral, or digitalis glycosides or fat-soluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K/ with mineral oil may interfere with the proper absorption of these or other medications and reduce their effectiveness.|In addition to interfering with absorption of oral anticoagulants, mineral oil also decreases absorption of vitamin K, which may lead to increased anticoagulant effects.|Concurrent use /with stool softener laxatives/ may cause increased absorption of mineral oil and result in the formation of tumor-like deposits in tissues.|There has been a great deal of work on the effect of mineral oil in impeding the absorption of fat soluble vitamins A (and precursors) D, E, K and essential fatty acids. There is no doubt that interference with absorption can occur, particularly of carotene if amounts in food exceed approximately 6000 ppm.

LD50 Mice oral 22 g/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ To compare the effectiveness of acute and chronic bioassays for the ecological risk assessment of polluted soils, soil samples from a site with an historical mineral oil contamination (<50-3,300 mg oil/kg dry soil) at the Petroleum Harbour in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, were screened for ecological effects using acute and chronic bioassays. A two-step 0.001 M Ca(NO3)2 extraction at a final solution-to-soil ratio of 1:1 was used to prepare extracts for the acute bioassays. Acute bioassays (=5 days) applied to the 0.001 M Ca(NO3)2 extracts from the polluted and reference soils included growth tests with bacteria (Bacillus sp.), algae (Raphidocelis subcapitata), and plants (Lactuca sativa), immobility tests with nematodes (Plectus acuminatus), springtails (Folsomia candida), and cladocerans (Daphnia magna), and the Microtox test (Vibrio fischeri). Chronic bioassays (four weeks) performed on the same soil samples included tests with L. sativa, F. candida, and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and the bait-lamina test (substrate consumption). The acute bioassays on Microtox showed a response that corresponded with the level of oil pollution. All other acute bioassays did not show such a consistent response, probably because pollutant levels were too low to cause acute effects. All chronic bioassays showed sublethal responses according to the contaminant levels (oil and in some soils also metals). This shows that chronic bioassays on soil samples are more sensitive in assessing the toxicity of mineral oil contamination in soil than acute bioassays on soil extracts. A pilot scale bioremediation study on soils taken from the two most polluted sites and a control site showed a rapid decline of oil concentrations to reach a stable level within eight weeks. Acute bioassays applied to the soils, using Microtox, algae, and D. magna, and chronic bioassays, using plants, Collembola, earthworms, and bait-lamina consumption, in all cases showed a rapid reduction of toxicity, which could be attributed to the degradation of light oil fractions.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... the chronic toxicity of Corexit 9500A and chemically dispersed heavy fuel oil 7102 (HFO 7102) to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos was compared to chemically dispersed Nujol, a nontoxic mineral oil. Dispersant alone was toxic, but caused different signs of toxicity than HFO 7102. Nujol at a dispersant-to-oil ratio of 1:20 was nontoxic, suggesting that dispersant was sequestered by oil and not present at toxic concentrations.

Oral mineral oil should not be given to patients with swallowing abnormalities.

Mineral oil's production and use as a binder, defoaming agent, fermentation aid, lubricant, coating (protective), and release agent(1) and administration as a human and veterinary medication(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in hydraulic fracking(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 10 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of mineral oil in the United States may be as low as 10 workers to at least 10,000 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,100,229 workers (433,405 of these are female) are potentially exposed to mineral oil in the US(1). Occupational exposure to mineral oil, also called paraffin oils, may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where mineral oil is produced or used(SRC).

In severe cases of constipation, such as with fecal impaction, mineral oil and stool softener laxatives administered orally or rectally are indicated to soften the impacted feces. To help complete the evacuation of the impacted colon, a rectal stimulation or saline laxative may follow.|Medication (vet): orally, as a laxative with light grades (low viscosity) even having some advantage in animals over heavy grades (high viscosity).|MEDICATION (VET): A preparation that contains 0.5% neomycin, 1% carbaryl, 9% sulfacetamide, 0.5% tetracaine, and 88.1% mineral oil is used in treatment of ear infections and ear mite infestations of small animals, including rabbits...|Increase water retention in the stool by coating surfaces of stool and intestines with a water-immiscible film. Lubricant effect eases passage of contents through intestines. Emulsification of lubricant tends to enhance its ability to soften stool mass.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for Mineral oil (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In the 1940s, oleothorax (paraffin oil instillation) was widely used to treat patients with apical tuberculosis. The oil plombage should have been removed after a few years; however, since oleothoraces were usually asymptomatic, removal was uncommon. These in the meantime elderly patients are at risk of late complications, such as rupture of the oleothorax and aspiration of oil. We report the case of a 69-year-old man with a spontaneous rupture of an oleothorax leading to oil aspiration, lipid pneumonia and culture-proven disseminated tuberculosis with fatal outcome. Unexpected positive PCR for M. tuberculosis-DNA in tracheal secretions was one of the leading signs in this case. Thus oil plombage in patients with oleothorax may be "time bombs". Primary physicians should be aware of this life-threatening complication.|In recent years, the oral use of mineral oil has not been advocated because of the possibility of interference with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and the danger of pulmonary aspiration. The dose required for the former effect exceeds that normally used in clinical practice. ... Oral mineral oil should not be given to patients with swallowing abnormalities.|Oral mineral oil is not recommended for bedridden elderly patients since they are more prone to aspiration of oil droplets, which amy produce lipid pneumonia.|Oral mineral oil is not recommended for children up to 6 years of age since patients in this age group are more prone to aspiration of oil droplets, which may produce lipid pneumonia.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Mineral oil (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1= Practically non-toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) above 15 g/kg, more than 1 quart (2.2 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb).

Vet: ... parenterally, in ... vaccines to prolong antigen effect. Histological studies indicate that great deal of ... oil remains at injection site for long time, with macrophages picking up small amounts and transporting it through lymphatic system. Its ultimate fate is still unknown.|When large amounts of liquid petrolatum were fed to rabbits, rats and guinea pigs, small quantities were deposited in the mesenteric lymph nodes and, in several cases, in the intestinal mucosa, liver and spleen.|Tritiated mineral oil was administered orally or by ip injection to Sprague-Dawley and Holtzman rats. Five hours after oral administration of 0.66 mL/kg body weight, 1.5% of the dose had been absorbed unchanged, and an additional 1.5% was found in the carcasses as non-mineral oil substances. Liver, fat, kidney, brain and spleen contained mineral oil. Within two days, only 0.3% remained in the animals. After ip administration, the mineral oil was retained to a greater extent, and only 11% had been excreted in the feces eight days after treatment.|In general, mineral oil is absorbed to only a limited extent from the gastrointestinal tract. However, it as found in the liver, spleen, mesenteric and portal-hepatic lymph nodes and lungs of a man known to have ingested large amounts of liquid paraffin over many years. Mineral oil has been observed by differential staining and gas chromatography (GC) procedures in the lung tissue of many individuals who routinely use mineral oil by oral or nasal administration|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Mineral oil (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Polynuclear aromatic compounds have been detected in samples of mineral oil for medicinal and cosmetic uses.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include eye irritation. Inhalation of vapor or particulates can cause aspiration pneumonia. Excessive doses may result in anal seepage and irritation. Other symptoms include lipid granuloma, lipid pneumonia, eczematous dermatitis, contact dermatitis, folliculitis, oil acne and melanosis. Ingestion of this compound dissolves and prevents absorption of vitamin A from intestinal contents. When taken for 2-3 days, it can penetrate and soften stools, and may also interfere with absorption of water. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is a mild eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. (NTP, 1992)

Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. Breathing: If a person breaths large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Hydrocarbon Blends, Mixtures, and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 m/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Hydrocarbon Blends, Mixtures, and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, is in respiratory arrest, or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Hydrocarbon Blends, Mixtures, and Related Compounds/|In a case of chronic mineral oil pneumonia (caused by laxative administration), experimental treatment with scheduled coughing spells and expectoration can improve patient prognosis.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /In nasal drops and sprays/...oil gravitates to lower lobes of lungs, where it sets up a granulomatous reaction, followed by marked fibrosis and encystment. Daily oral doses of 30-90 mL for many months has produced the same effect. The fatality of this complication is high.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Liquid petrolatum... can be applied to human eyes without causing discomfort or signs of irritation.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /Mineral oil/ occasionally may cause miliaria and folliculitis.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Foreign-body granulomas or paraffinomas in the liver, spleen, or mesenteric lymph nodes have been reported following systemic absorption of mineral oil.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Mineral oil (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

delphinidin

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Table: Mineral Oil Preparations [Table#3688]|The classical cold cream consists of mineral oil (50-60%), beeswax (capprox 15%), borax (approx 1%), and water (30-40%).|Medical /and technical/ white oils may contain alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) at levels up to 10 mg/kg as an antioxidant.

Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing|Paraffin oils: ACTIVE|About 1% of the total mineral oil consumption is used to formulate lubricants.|Mineral oil, heavy or light, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons derived from crude petroleum and is used as a lubricant laxative. In refinement for human use, the aromatic amines and unsaturated hydrocarbons are removed from petroleum, leaving a variety of saturated hydrocarbons. Light mineral oil is similar to mineral oil but lower molecular weight hydrocarbons predominate, resulting in lower viscosity and specific gravity; it is not intended for use in internal liquid products. ... Mineral oil may contain tocopherol or butylated hydroxytoluenes to inhibit oxidation. The palatability of mineral oil is improved when it is emulsified with acacia.

Method: NIOSH 1400, Issue 2; Procedure: Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: mineral oil; Matrix: Air; Detection Limit: 0.05 mg per sample.|Use of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane for the quantitative determination of mineral oil air sample by UV absorption.

Food Additives -> GLAZING_AGENT; LUBRICANT; RELEASE_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Food Additives -> GLAZING_AGENT; RELEASE_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Antistatic; Emollient; Skin protecting; Solvent

Food Additives -> GLAZING_AGENT; LUBRICANT; RELEASE_AGENT;|Food Additives -> GLAZING_AGENT; RELEASE_AGENT;