Picramic acid

199.12

199.12

202-544-6

5VDQ7GK8L3

36939|4861

3317

DTXSID5024479

Dark red needles from alc, prisms from chloroform

2922299090

137.89000

2.41840

2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol appears as dark red needles or prisms. Red crystals. Water insoluble. Explosive in the dry state but desensitized by wetting. Easily ignited and once ignited burn readily.

1.749 g/cm 3

169 °C

386.3ºC at 760 mmHg

187.5ºC

1.73

H2O: <0.1 g/100 mL at 20.5 ºC

Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage.

Subcutaneous-Rat LDL0: 2100 mg/kg

Inflammable in case of open flame, high temperature, oxidant; burning produces toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

A powerful explosive when dry.

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Highly Flammable

2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROPHENOL should not be subjected to strong shock or heat, and is a dangerous fire risk. This compound reacts with strong oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992). Explodes if dried and exposed to heat, flame, friction or shock. Wetting greatly reduces this tendency. Treat as an explosive. Mixing with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides, nitrides, and alkali metals may lead to a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. May explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, even in the presence of water or organic solvents. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. An amino acid (reacts as an acid with bases and as a base with acids).

II

4.1

3317

1-20/21/22-52/53-11

35-61-36/37

SJ5800000

E,Xn,F

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids

Explosive when mixed with oxidant; explosive when vibrated

Stable. Combustible - burns rapidly: dangerous fire risk. Do not subject to shock, friction or heat. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P210, P230, P240, P250, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, P370+P380, P372, P373, P401, P501

H201

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Combustible when exposed to ... oxidizers.|This partially reduced derivative of picric acid, 'picramic acid', explodes very powerfully when dry.

Smith GC; Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety 2: 1704-5 (1983). Picric acid and derivatives.

This chemical ignites rapidly and burns relatively fast. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H201: Explosive; mass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]|P210, P230, P240, P250, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, P370+P380, P372, P373, P401, and P501|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, and P501|H201 (95.24%): Explosive; mass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 84 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P363, P405, and P501|H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]|P210, P240, P241, P280, and P370+P378

Fires involving this chemical can be controlled using dry chemical, CO2, or Halon foam extinguishers. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Solids - Toxic (Wet/Desensitized Explosive)]: Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial evacuation for 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|SUITABLE & EFFECTIVE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (EG, CLOTHING, RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & GOGGLES) SHOULD BE PROVIDED &, WHERE NECESSARY, BE SUPPLEMENTED BY BARRIER CREAMS & INDUSTRIAL SKIN CLEANSERS. /PICRIC ACID & DERIVATIVES/

...IN CONTACT WITH OPEN FLAME IN GLASS TUBE OR BEAKER, IGNITES RAPIDLY & BURNS RELATIVELY FAST...|Combustible when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.

MAY EXPLODE WHEN SHOCKED OR HEATED.|A powerful explosive when dry.

moderately toxic

4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol's production and use in the manufacture of dyes and as a reagent for albumin(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 75(SRC) from a log Kow of 0.93(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Although no dissociation constant value was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in moist soils(SRC). Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since the anion will not volatilize and the neutral species has an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(5). 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 75(SRC) from a log Kow of 0.93(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Although no dissociation constant value was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in water surfaces(SRC). Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since the anion will not volatilize and the neutral species has an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(5). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF value of 42 reported in rainbow trout(7) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 7.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Particulate-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nitrophenols exhibit strong absorption of UV light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm(4), suggesting that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). Nitrophenols exhibit strong absorption of UV light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm(3), suggesting that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment(SRC). Although no dissociation constant value was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in the environment(SRC).

2.95|A BCF value of 42 was reported for 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol in rainbow trout(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

The Koc of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is estimated as approximately 75(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.93(1) and a regression derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is estimated as 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from moist soil or water surfaces(2). 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(3). Although no dissociation constant was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in moist soils and water surfaces(SRC).

IT IS AN ORGANIC CONTAMINANT FOUND IN DRINKING WATER WITH NO AVAILABLE INFORMATION ON CHRONIC TOXICITY. /FROM TABLE/|4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol was identified, not quantified, in drinking water in the US(1).

Occupational exposure to 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is produced or used. (SRC)

The bioconcentration of metabolism of picric acid and picramic acid were determined for rainbow trout. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) in the epaxial muscle at 42 days for both of these compounds was < 1; the skin had a bioconcentration factor value of 1 and 9, respectively. The half-life elimination for the high and low dose of picric acid was 12.0 and 12.5 days, respectively; and for picramic acid was 9.0 and 9.5 days, respectively. In separate experiments, (14C)picric acid was metabolized to picramic acid, glucuronide conjugates and an unidentified group of compounds, and 42% of the (14C)picric acid was metabolized to picric acid, glucuronide conjugates and an unidentified group of compounds. The low bioconcentration in the trout muscle may be due to the trout's ability to excrete the parent compound and metabolites. The higher radioactivity observed on the skin may be due to the water route of exposure and the binding of the parent compounds to protein.

A STRAIN OF P AERUGINOSA REDUCED 2,4,6-TRINITROPHENOL (PICRIC ACID) TO PICRAMIC ACID UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS.|Picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) is widely used ... The acute toxicity, distribution, and metabolism of picric acid were investigated using Fischer 344 rats. The LD50 for picric acid following oral dosing of male and female rats was established as 290 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Blood gas analysis indicated severe acidosis during acute intoxication. Metabolism of picric acid was limited to reduction of nitro groups to amines. Metabolites isolated from urine included N-acetylisopicramic acid (14.8%), picramic acid (18.5%), N-acetylpicramic acid (4.7%), and unidentified components (2.4%). Approximately 60% of the parent picric acid was excreted unchanged. ...

SYMPTOMS: Dizziness, abdominal cramps, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, weakness, convulsions and collapse. Small repeated doses may lead to weakness general depression, headache, and mental impairment. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is a fire hazard and should not be subjected to shock or heat. This compound is a local irritant. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes if immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Rapid body cooling may be necessary in case of hyperthermia. Salicylates are contraindicated. /Dinitrophenol and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's to treat dehydration. Watch for signs of fluid overload and pulmonary edema. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Dinitrophenol and related compounds/

TOXIC SYMPTOMS /OF 2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROPHENOL ARE/ SIMILAR TO 2,4-DINITROPHENOL ...PRODUCES MARKED INCR IN METABOLISM & TEMPERATURE, PROFUSE SWEATING, COLLAPSE, DEATH. MAY CAUSE DERMATITIS, CATARACTS, WT LOSS, GRANULOCYTOPENIA, POLYNEUROPATHY, EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS. /2,4-DINITROPHENOL/|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. MARKED FATIGUE, TREMENDOUS THIRST, PROFUSE SWEATING, FLUSHING OF FACE. 2. NAUSEA, VOMITING, ABDOMINAL PAIN, & OCCASIONALLY DIARRHEA. 3. RESTLESSNESS, ANXIETY, EXCITEMENT, OCCASIONALLY LEADING TO CONVULSIONS. /DINITROPHENOL/|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 4. RISE IN BODY TEMP...ROUGHLY PROPORTIONAL TO TOXIC DOSE, MAY CULMINATE IN SEVERE HYPERPYREXIA... 5. TACHYCARDIA, HYPERPNEA, DYSPNEA, CYANOSIS, &...MUSCLE CRAMPS. 6. LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, CESSATION OF BREATHING, & DEATH. /DINITROPHENOL/|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 7. LATE COMPLICATIONS: A. DECR URINE OUTPUT WITH ALBUMINURIA, CASTS, PIGMENTS, SOMETIMES BLOOD CELLS, DUE TO TOXIC NEPHRITIS. B. JAUNDICE & TENDERNESS IN LIVER REGION DUE TO TOXIC HEPATITIS. /DINITROPHENOL/|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 8. OCCASIONAL HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AFTER REPEATED EXPOSURES (OR IN CHRONIC POISONING) INCLUDE AGRANULOCYTIC ANGINA, SKIN RASHES, PERIPHERAL NEURITIS, & LATE CATARACT FORMATION. /DINITROPHENOL/

2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol

USED IN HAIR DYES & SHAMPOOS (RINSES).

COMPD WAS EXTRACTED FROM THIN PLATES OF SILICA GEL & DETERMINED SPECTROPHOTOMETRICALLY. PICRAMIC ACID WAS DETERMINED @ 408 NM, WITHOUT VISUALIZING AGENT.

Cosmetics -> Hair dyeing