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Lithium citrate

Lithium citrate structure

CAS No:
919-16-4
Formula:
C6H8O7.3Li
Chemical Name:
Lithium citrate
Synonyms:
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid,2-hydroxy-,lithium salt (1:3);Citric acid,trilithium salt;Lithium citrate;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid,2-hydroxy-,trilithium salt;Demalit;Trilithium citrate;Litarex;Lithonate S;Cibalith S;879647-30-0
Categories:
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients > Nervous System Drugs

Description

White crystal

Lithium citrate (anhydrous) is a lithium salt that is the anhydrous form of the trilithium salt of citric acid. The tetrahydrate form is used as a source of lithium for the treatment of anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and depression. It contains a citrate(3-).

Lithium citrate Basic Attributes

Molecular Weight：

209.92

Exact Mass：

210.05200

EC Number：

213-045-8

UNII：

3655633623

Characteristics

PSA：

140.62000

Density：

1.12 g/mL at 20 °C

Boiling Point：

309.6ºC at 760mmHg

Flash Point：

155.2ºC

Water Solubility：

H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless

Safety Information

wgk germany：

hazard class code：

36/37/38

safety instructions：

26-36

Marks：

Stability/Shelf Life：

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Precautionary statement(s)：

P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P33, P313

Hazard Statements：

H319

GHS Classification：

Not Classified| |Warning|H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P313|Aggregated GHS information provided by 38 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Drug Information

Drug Indication：

Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is used for treatment of depression and mania. It is often used in bipolar disorder treatment.

Pharmacology：

Although lithium has been used for over 50 years in treatment of bipolar disorder, the mechanism of action is still unknown. Lithium's therapeutic action may be due to a number of effects, ranging from inhibition of enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase 3, inositol phosphatases, or modulation of glutamate receptors.

Mechanism of Action：

The precise mechanism of action of Li+ as a mood-stabilizing agent is currently unknown. It is possible that Li+ produces its effects by interacting with the transport of monovalent or divalent cations in neurons. An increasing number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is the key factor in understanding how lithium works. Lithium has been shown to change the inward and outward currents of glutamate receptors (especially GluR3), without a shift in reversal potential. Lithium has been found to exert a dual effect on glutamate receptors, acting to keep the amount of glutamate active between cells at a stable, healthy level, neither too much nor too little. It is postulated that too much glutamate in the space between neurons causes mania, and too little, depression. Another mechanism by which lithium might help to regulate mood include the non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme called inositol monophosphatase. Alternately lithium's action may be enhanced through the deactivation of the GSK-3B enzyme. The regulation of GSK-3B by lithium may affect the circadian clock. GSK-3 is known for phosphorylating and thus inactivating glycogen synthase. GSK-3B has also been implicated in the control of cellular response to damaged DNA. GSK-3 normally phosphorylates beta catenin, which leads to beta catenin degratation. When GSK-3 is inhibited, beta catenin increases and transgenic mice with overexpression of beta catenin express similar behaviour to mice treated with lithium. These results suggest that increase of beta catenin may be a possible pathway for the therapeutic action of lithium.

MeSH Entry Terms：

Litarex

Lithium citrate Use and Manufacturing

Uses

Antimanic.

Manufacturing Info：

1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, lithium salt (1:3): ACTIVE

Use Classification：

Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients

Computed Properties

Molecular Weight:210.0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:7
Rotatable Bond Count:2
Exact Mass:210.0515378
Monoisotopic Mass:210.0515378
Topological Polar Surface Area:141
Heavy Atom Count:16
Complexity:211
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:4
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

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