Aminourea hydrochloride

111.53

111.019943

3593642

209-247-0

34854VG84B

4732

2811

DTXSID4020244

Prisms from dilute alcohol|White crystals

2928000090

81.1

-2.75

White Crystalline Powder and/or Chunks

1.286g/cm3

175-185 °C

347 to 365° F at 760 mm Hg DECOMPOSES (NTP, 1992)

66.5ºC

H2O: 0.1 g/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless

-20°C Freezer, Under Inert Atmosphere

0.13 mm Hg at 25 deg C /Estimated/

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 123 mg/kg

Henry's Law constant = 1.5X10-12 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C /Estimated/

pKa = 10.8

Ammonolysis with liquid NH3 gives 95% yield of free base|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C /Estimated/

Water soluble. Acid reaction in water. (NTP, 1992)

Amides and Imides

When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride. [EPA, 1998].

III

6.1

UN 2811 6.1/PG 3

3

22-40-36/38-25-45-23/24/25

24/25-22-45-53

VT3500000

Xn,T

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.

P301 + P310

H301

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride. (EPA, 1998)

|Danger|H301 (98.9%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 95 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P301+P310, P308+P313, P314, P321, P330, P405, and P501

(Non-Specific -- Poisonous Solid, n.o.s.) Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. (Non-Specific -- Poisonous Solid, n.o.s.) This material may burn, but does not ignite readily. For small fires use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

(Non-Specific -- Poisonous Solid, n.o.s.) Isolate hazard area. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Do not touch spilled material. Absorb small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Take up small, dry spills with clean shovel; place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Semicarbazide hydrochloride is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 1,000/10,000 lbs.

LD50 Mouse oral 225 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 145 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse sc 167 mg/kg

Biological half-lives were significantly different among the three acetylation phenotypes (analysis of variance, P < 0.05): 3.94+/-1.70 hours for slow acetylators, 2.25+/-0.37 hours for intermediate acetylators, and 1.86+/-0.67 hours for rapid acetylators. /Hydrazine/

...is not known to occur as natural product.

Semicarbazide is present in certain foods packaged in glass jars and bottles in very low quantities (ppb or ug/kg of food) due to migration from the plastic gasket which forms the airtight seal in the metal lid. Amount of up to 25 ppb have been found in baby foods, which give an estimate of intake of around 2 ug/kg bw/day as a worst case for infants /age 4-12 months/. /Semicarbazide/

... Binds to cytosine residues in RNA, to deoxycytosine residues in DNA in vitro and to cytosine and deoxycytosine nucleosides

Semicarbazide, a hydrazine derivative, is carcinogenic to mice but shows no or little mutagenicity in the Salmonella-microsome test. To clarify whether or not the genotoxic mechanism contributes to the non-mutagenic carcinogenicity of semicarbazide, ...DNA damage induced by semicarbazide /was investigated/ using 32P-5'-end-labeled DNA fragments obtained from the c-Ha-ras-1 protooncogene and the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Semicarbazide caused DNA damage frequently at the thymine and cytosine residues in the presence of Cu(II). Catalase and bathocuproine partially inhibited DNA damage, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide plus Cu(I) participates in DNA damage. When a high concentration of semicarbazide was used in the presence of catalase, DNA damage was induced, especially at G in 5'-AG and slightly at 5'-G in GG and GGG sequences. An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic study has confirmed that the reaction of semicarbazide with Cu(II) produces carbamoyl radicals (.CONH2), possibly generated via the nitrogen-centered radicals of semicarbazide. Azodicarbonamide also produced carbamoyl radicals and induced DNA damage frequently at 5'-G in GG and GGG sequences, suggesting that carbamoyl radicals participate in this sequence-specific DNA damage by semicarbazide. On the basis of... previous reports, ...the sequence-specific DNA damage at G in 5'-AG in the present study is due to the nitrogen-centered radicals. This study has shown that semicarbazide induces DNA damage in the presence of Cu(II) through the formation of hydrogen peroxide and Cu(I). In addition, semicarbazide-derived free radicals participate in DNA damage. DNA damage induced by these reactive species may be relevant to the carcinogenicity of semicarbazide. /Semicarbazide/

Toxic by ingestion. (EPA, 1998)

Signs and Symptoms of Semicarbazide Hydrochloride Exposure: No information on specific clinical effects of exposure to semicarbazide hydrochloride was found in available references. However, animal data indicate that signs and symptoms of acute exposure to semicarbazide hydrochloride may include loss of coordination, dizziness, tremors, convulsions, and seizures. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to semicarbazide hydrochloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to semicarbazide hydrochloride. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to semicarbazide hydrochloride. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g in children (1/2 to 1 oz) (1 to 2 g/kg in infants), and 30 to 100 g (1 to 3-1/2 oz) in adults. Administer one dose of a cathartic, mixed with charcoal or given separately. 5. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Hydrazine and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased level of consciousness, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or a dextrose strip or glucometer reading less than 50 mg/dl) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary. Draw blood sample before administration ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Hydrazine and Related Compounds/

...Available commercially in US in chemically pure & technical grades.

Hydrazinecarboxamide, hydrochloride (1:1): ACTIVE|First reported preparation ... was by reaction of benzylidenesemicarbazide with hydrochloric acid. ...method used for commercial production is not known.|...Semicarbazide (SEM) is a minor thermal decomposition product of the blowing agent azodicarbonamide (ADC).

POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD...PSZONICKA, M & SKWARA, W (1970) CHEM ANALYT (WARSAW), 15, 175-182.