p-Phenylenediamine, dihydrochloride

181.06

180.022110

3911749

210-834-9

GL418131I1

0386

1673

DTXSID8021141

WHITE TO SLIGHTLY REDDISH CRYSTALS

29215119

52.04000

3.61740

White to purple-gray Crystalline Powder

1.15 g/cm3

275 °C

267.4ºC at 760 mmHg

135.9ºC

H2O: >=10 g/100 mL at 21 ºC

Store below +30°C.

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 6.2

Oral-rat LD50: 147 mg/kg; Abdominal cavity-mouse LD50: 316 mg/kg

Open flame is flammable; heat releases toxic hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxide gas

pKa = 6.2 /free base/ (conjugate acid)

Water soluble.

Salts, Acidic

Acidic organic/inorganic salts, such as 1,4-PHENYLENEDIAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate to high concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.

III

6.1

UN 1673 6.1/PG 3

3

23/24/25-36-43-50/53

28-36/37-45-60-61-28A

ST0350000

T,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stable. Incompatible with acids, strong oxidizing agents.

P261-P273-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P311

H301-H311-H317-H319-H331-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

DHEW/NCI; Bioassay of p-Phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride for Possible Carcinogenicity (1979) Technical Rpt Series No. 174 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 79-1730|USEPA; PHENYLENEDIAMINES; RESPONSE TO INTERAGENCY TESTING COMMITTEE; FED REGIST 47(5) 973 (1982). EVIDENCE IS GIVEN SUPPORTING TESTING OF THE CLASS OF COMPOUNDS PHENYLENEDIAMINES FOR THEIR TOXIC EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT. THE RESULTS OF TOXICITY TESTING OF 22 COMPOUNDS ARE TABULATED AS ARE THE EFFECTS FOR WHICH TESTING IS BEING CONSIDERED FOR 13 COMPOUNDS, AND THE USES OR POTENTIAL USES OF 47 PHENYLENEDIAMINES.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 62 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P285, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P341, P307+P311, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P405, and P501|P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P285, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P363, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)|Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the blood and kidneys. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin and kidney impairment. Medical observation is indicated. The effects may be delayed.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma.

NO open flames. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

highly toxic

NONINFECTED SNAILS OF THE BIOMPHALARI AND BULINUS TYPES OXIDIZED P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE-2HCL TO THE CORRESPONDING COLORED TRIVALENT NITROGEN-FREE RADICALS INSTANTLY AND INTENSIVELY. THIS REACTION DID NOT OCCUR WITH SNAILS INFECTED WITH MIRACEDIA OF SCHISTOSOMES. THE REACTION WAS INHIBITED BY SODIUM AZIDE, POTASSIUM CYANIDE, SODIUM SULFIDE, AND THE POTENT MOLLUSCICIDE, 5,2'-DICHLORO-4-NITROSALICYLANILIDE.

A bioassay of p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. p-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride was admin in the feed, at either of two concn, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. The high and low concn of p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride were, respectively, 1,250 and 625 ppm for both rats and mice. After a 103 wk period of cmpd admin, there were additional observation periods of 2 wk for rats and 1 wk for mice. Twenty animals of each sex and species were placed on test as controls. ... Under the conditions of this bioassay, there was no convincing evidence that dietary administration of p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride was carcinogenic in Fischer 344 rats or B6C3F1 mice. ... Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Negative; Female Rats: Negative; Male Mice: Negative; Female Mice: Negative.

53.7% photooxidation of a 1,4-diaminobenzene dihydrochloride sample (initial concentration unspecified) on a silica gel substrate was observed when irradiated with light above 290 nm for 17 hours(1).

An experimental BCF value of 450 was measured for algae exposed to 1,4-diaminobenzene dihydrochloride for 24 hours(1). An experimental BCF value of 6 was measured for fish (golden ide) exposed to 1,4-diaminobenzene dihydrochloride for 3 days(1).

EXPTL USE: ORAL ADMIN OF P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE-2HCL TO MICE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH SCHISTOSOMA MANSONIA INHIBITED THE HATCHABILITY OF THE PARASITE AND GRADUALLY DECR THE NUMBER OF LIVING PARASITE EGGS IN MOUSE LIVERS.

4. 4= VERY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 50-500 MG/KG, BETWEEN 1 TEASPOON & 1 OUNCE FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB). /P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE/

...APPLIED TO SKIN OF DOGS IN GELS & FLUIDS...16 MG WERE ABSORBED WHEN 50 ML OF LAURYL SULFATE-BASED GEL CONTAINING 1.5 G P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE WAS APPLIED FOR 3 HR & FREE ACCESS TO AIR WAS ALLOWED... AMT ROSE TO 110 MG /WHEN AREA WAS COVERED WITH ALUMINUM FOIL. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE APPLIED BEFORE TREATMENT, 2 MG ABSORBED/.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, and narcosis. Other symptoms include eczemoid contact dermatitis and bronchial asthma. It can cause hypersensitivity reactions (skin sensitization), skin allergies (such as disseminated neurodermatitis), arthritis, conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, neurological symptoms, spleen enlargement, vertigo, gastritis, diplopia, asthenia, exfoliative dermatitis and, on chronic exposure, jaundice and liver atrophy. Eye contact can cause inflammation, damage of the periocular and ocular tissues, edema and hyperemia of the lids and conjunctiva with tearing and exophthalmos, pain and burning of the eyes, redness and swelling of the lids, erosion of the corneal epithelium, iritis, iridocyclitis and retrobulbar neuritis with central scotoma. There have been cases of limitation of eye movement with proptosis, involvement of the cornea with loss of epithelium and infiltration, optic neuritis with papilledema, and lost or permanently impaired vision due to severe corneal ulceration. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is harmful by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride gas. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

For immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases, amines, and related compounds/|For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases, amines, and related compounds/

...COMPOSITION OF COSMETICS...HAIR DYES & EYELASH DYES...SENSITIZE THE LID SKIN & EXTERNAL OCULAR STRUCTURES. CONTINUED APPLICATION OF HAPTEN CAN CAUSE SEVERE DAMAGE TO CONTACTED TISSUES. CORNEAL ULCERATION WITH LOSS OF VISION & EVEN FATALITY HAVE BEEN REPORTED. /P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE/|Poison by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Questionable carcinogen.|MIXTURES OF CERTAIN AMINES HAVE GIVEN RISE TO SERIOUS CASES OF POISONING. PRESENCE OF P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE AND OF P-AMINO-PHENOL EXPLAINS OCCURRENCE OF ALLERGIC DERMATITIS WHICH GENERALLY AFFECT EXPOSED PARTS: HANDS, WRISTS, FOREARMS, FACE & NECK. /P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE/

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Dizziness. Headache. Laboured breathing. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

1,4-Benzenediamine, hydrochloride (1:2): ACTIVE|IN PAST WHEN THERE WERE FEW RESTRICTIONS ON COMPOSITION OF COSMETICS IN THIS COUNTRY, HAIR DYES & EYELASH DYES WERE SOLD WHOSE PRINCIPAL INGREDIENT WAS P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE. IT WAS SEVERE REACTION TO SUCH PREPN SOLD UNDER PROPRIETARY NAME LASH LURE THAT ENCOURAGED MORE STRINGENT FEDERAL REGULATION. /P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE/

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