Ethyl nitrate

91.066

91.07

210-903-3

E1ZT886LR5

8826

1993

DTXSID0060806

Colorless liquid

55

0.73780

Ethyl nitrate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may cause vigorous decomposition and rupturing of the container. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

1.1084 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-94.6 °C

87.2 °C @ Press: 762 Torr

50 deg F (closed cup)

Index of refraction: 1.3852 @ 20 °C

Sol in water, miscible in ethanol and ethyl ether

64.0 mm Hg @ 25 deg C

3.1 (Air= 1)

Abdominal cavity-cat LD50: 300 mg/kg

Inflammable in case of open flame, high temperature, oxidant; burning produces toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

evolves an explosive concn of vapor in air at normal working temp. It is capable of explosive decomp when exposed to heat.

Pleasant odor

Sweet taste

2.00e-13 cm3/molecule*sec

1 MG/L= 269 PPM; 1 PPM= 3.72 MG/CU M @ 25 °C, 760 MM HG|Hydroxyl radical rate constant= 2.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 36 °C

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Highly Flammable

Organonitrates, such as ETHYL NITRATE, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents, but still react violently with reducing agents at higher temperature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes. Nitroalkanes with more than one nitro group are generally explosive.

322.4 kcal (vapor)

LOWER, 4.0% BY VOL

1.1A

0473

2

23-24/25

E

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidant

Heat explosion

P201, P202, P281, P372, P373, P380, P401, P501

H200

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 4th degree

|Danger|H200: Unstable Explosive [Danger Explosives]|P201, P202, P281, P372, P373, P380, P401, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)

SPONTANEOUS HEATING: NO

Lower, 3.8%|Explodes at 185 °F|...evolves an explosive concn of vapor in air at normal working temp. It is capable of explosive decomp when exposed to heat.

FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEM...|EXTINGUISHING METHOD... WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE EXCEPT AS BLANKET.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply watt from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.|Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

Precautions should be taken to prevent the spread of any liq that may accidentally escape from a container. ...should not be exposed in.../poorly/ ventilated conditions.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amount of water or soap and water.|If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 4 - Materials that in themselves are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures.

SOURCE DOMINATED: Ethyl nitrate was detected in air samples collected between November 1988 and April 1989 from Juelich, a city surrounded by five lignite-coal-burning power plants in the Black Forest region of Germany at a mean concn of 47.7 parts per trillion(1).|URBAN/SUBURBAN: Ethyl nitrate was detected not quantified in air samples from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada(1).|RURAL/REMOTE: Ethyl nitrate was detected in air samples collected in May/June 1989 from Schauinsland, southwest of Juelich in the Black Forest region of Germany at a mean concn of 9.5 parts per trillion(1).

Ethyl nitrate was tentatively identified as a volatile of stored food exudate, according to a study conducted in Denmark(1).

highly toxic

The atmospheric photochemistry of the organosulfur compounds methyl sulfide, ethyl sulfide, & methanethiol was studied with emphasis on gaseous & particulate reaction products & their modes of formation when exposed to sunlight irradiation & various NO(x) mixtures. Experimental results show that ethyl nitrate is a gas-phase photooxidation product of ethyl sulfide.|The yields of alkyl nitrates formed in the NOx-air photooxidations of the homologous series of n-alkanes from ethane through n-octane have been determined at 299 +/- 2 K & 735 torr total pressure for 2 different chemical systems. Alkyl peroxy radicals were generated by reaction of the n-alkanes with OH radicals (generated from the photolysis of methyl nitrite in air) or Cl atoms (from photolysis of CL2 in air). The alkyl nitrate yields obtained from the 2 systems, corrected for secondary reactions, were in agreement within the exptl errors & incr monotonically with the carbon number of the n-alkane, from equal to or less than 1% for ethane to approx 33% for n-octane, with the yields apparently approaching a limit of approx 35% for larger n-alkanes. Data are consistent with the alkyl nitrates being formed almost entirely from the reaction of peroxy radicals with NO, & the ratios of the corrected alkyl nitrate yields reflect the fraction of RO2 radicals which react with NO to form alkyl nitrates.

Ethyl nitrate's production and use for organic synthesis of drugs, perfumes, and dyes, and as rocket propellant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl nitrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.1 and 120 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 24(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl nitrate, which has a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl nitrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 80 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl nitrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 36 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 80 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Ethyl nitrate may photolyze due to it's absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(3).

An estimated BCF of 2(1) was calculated for ethyl nitrate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for ethyl nitrate can be estimated to be 24(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(2).

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl nitrate is estimated as 3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl nitrate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Ethyl nitrate's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 64 mm Hg(3).

Occupational exposure to ethyl nitrate may occur with this compound at workplaces where ethyl nitrate is produced or used. (SRC)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 l/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

...HIGHLY TOXIC & IN LARGE DOSES MAY CAUSE DIZZINESS, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, VOMITING, BLOODY DIARRHEA, WEAKNESS, CONVULSIONS, & COLLAPSE. SMALL, REPEATED DOSES MAY LEAD TO WEAKNESS, GENERAL DEPRESSION, HEADACHE, & MENTAL DISORDERS. /ALKYL NITRATES/|IT IS SAID THAT ETHYL NITRATE HAS ANESTHETIC PROPERTIES & ON INHALATION CAUSES HEADACHE.../PRC: CNS DEPRESSION/ & VOMITING.|A poison by intraperitoneal route. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. A moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat (explodea @ 185 °F).

ethyl nitrate

Nitric acid, ethyl ester: ACTIVE

MASS SPECTROMETRY/CHEMICAL IONIZATION IS SUITABLE FOR IDENTIFICATION & QUANT ANAL OF ETHYL NITRATE IN SMOG.

MASS SPECTROMETRY BY CHEMICAL IONIZATION IS SUITABLE FOR IDENTIFICATION & QUANT ANAL OF ETHYL NITRATE IN SMOG.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 4th degree