Propyl nitrate

105.09258

105.09

210-985-0

983R6RCP6F

1513

1865

DTXSID2060834

Pale yellow liquid

55.05000

1.12790

N-propyl nitrate appears as a white to straw-colored liquid with an ether-like odor. About the same density as water and insoluble in water. Flash point 70°F. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a fuel. Shock sensitive. The shock sensitivity is removed by addition of 1-2% of propane, butane, chloroform, ethyl ether, or methyl ether.

1.0538 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-100 °C

110 °C

68°F

1.402

Slight

18 at 20 °C (NIOSH, 1997)

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 3.6

Inhalation-Rat LCL0: 5816 PPM/4 hours; Inhalation-Mouse LCL0: 5816 PPM/4 hours

Inflammable in case of open flame, high temperature, oxidant; burning produces toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 2-100

Sweet sickly odor

7.30e-13 cm3/molecule*sec

0.00 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole @ 25 °C

Heating may cause it to explode|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec @ 25 °C

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Highly Flammable

Organonitrates, such as N-PROPYL NITRATE, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents, but still react violently with reducing agents at higher temperature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes. Nitroalkanes with more than one nitro group are generally explosive. Contact with either strong oxidizers or with combustibles may cause fires and explosions.

347 °F (USCG, 1999)|350 °F|175 °C

11.07 eV

Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F.

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.

II

3.1

1865

UK0350000

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidant

Explosive when mixed with air; explodes in heat

The shock-sensitive nitrate is desensitised by 1-2% of propane, butane, chloroform, dimethyl ether or diethyl ether.

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P307+P311, P309+P311, P312, P321, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501

H225

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

...It is considered a strong oxidizing agent... .|Strong oxidizers, combustible materials (Note: Forms explosive mixtures with combustible materials.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases and vapors, such as oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide, may be released in a fire. (USCG, 1999)|Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with combustible substances. Explosive.|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree

|Danger|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P307+P311, P309+P311, P312, P321, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Respirator Recommendatons: Up to 250 ppm: (Assigned protection factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 500 ppm: (Assigned protection factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.|Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.|Respirator Recommendations: Escape: (Assigned protection factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern. Only nonoxidizable sorbents allowed (not charcoal)./Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for n-PROPYL NITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

...It is... flammable, and poses a dangerous fire and explosion risk.

Heating may cause it to explode.|Explosive limits in air of 2 to 100%.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 2-100

Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a sources of ignition and flash back. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.

Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use appropriate foam to blanket release and suppress vapors. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for n-PROPYL NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 25 ppm (110 mg/cu m).

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 25 ppm (105 mg/cu m); 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 40 ppm (170 mg/cu m).

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Well closed. Cool. Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, combustible substances and reducing agents.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with oxidizing agents, combustible substances or reducing agents. Do NOT expose to friction or shock. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Use non-sparking handtools.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 3 - Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but that require a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation.

RURAL/REMOTE: n-Propyl nitrate was measured at a rural site in Ontario, Canada at an average concn of about 5 parts per trillion in 1990(1). n-Propyl nitrate was identified, not quantified, in the atmosphere over the western Pacific Ocean (43 deg N, 150 deg E and 4 deg N 113 deg E) in 1994(2). n-Propyl nitrate was measured at two rural sites in Germany at concns ranging from 1 to 20 parts per trillion in 1988(3). n-Propyl nitrate was detected in the atmosphere of the Islands of Hawaii at concns of 0.30 to 0.55 parts per trillion(4).

moderately toxic

LC50 Rat inhalation 9,000-10,000 ppm/4 hr|LC50 Mouse inhalation 6,000-7,000 ppm/4 hr|LC50 Dog inhalation 2,000-2,500 ppm/4 hr|LD50 Rabbit iv 0.2-0.25 g/kg /from table/

n-Propyl nitrate's former production and use as a rocket fuel(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Alkyl nitrates, including n-propyl nitrate, are commonly formed in the atmosphere through the reaction of the alkyl peroxy radical (generated by the reaction of alkanes with hydroxyl radicals) and nitric oxide(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-propyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-propyl nitrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(2). The potential for volatilization of n-propyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg(4). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of n-propyl nitrate(SRC); however, biodegradation data for nitroglycerin suggest that alkyl nitrates may undergo biodegradation under acclimated conditions(5,6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-propyl nitrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). Although n-propyl nitrate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis readily, it may photolyze under conditions of sunlit surface water based on photolysis half-lives ranging from approximately 8 to 40 days(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5(SRC), from the measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). No data were located regarding the biodegradation of n-propyl nitrate(SRC); however, biodegradation data for nitroglycerin suggest that alkyl nitrates may biodegrade in water under acclimated conditions(6,7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-propyl nitrate, which has a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-propyl nitrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Based upon its UV cross section, the direct photolysis half-life of n-propyl nitrate has been estimated to range from about 8 to 40 days depending upon the angle and intensity of the sun(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-propyl nitrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 7.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 22 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). n-Propyl nitrate absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm) and may potentially be susceptible to direct photolysis(2,3). Based upon its UV cross section, the direct photolysis half-life of n-propyl nitrate has been estimated to range from about 8 to 40 days depending upon the angle and intensity of the sun(3). n-Propyl nitrate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis readily since it lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Nitroglycerin (1,2,3-propanetriol, trinitrate), was reported to have a hydrolysis half-life of about 10 years at neutral conditions(4), but the half-life was about 37 days under alkaline (pH 9) conditions(5).

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated for n-propyl nitrate(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc for n-propyl nitrate can be estimated to be 40(SRC)using a measured water solubility of 3,290 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2) According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-propyl nitrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for n-propyl nitrate is 1.27X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-propyl nitrate is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). n-Propyl nitrate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of n-propyl nitrate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 23.5 mm Hg(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,844 workers (273 of these are female) are potentially exposed to n-propyl nitrate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-propyl nitrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-propyl nitrate is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to low levels of n-propyl nitrate via inhalation of ambient air(SRC).

... n-Propyl nitrate exerts a direct action on vascular smooth muscles and that cardiac toxicity and respiratory depression contribute to the hypotension.

Exposure can cause anoxia and cyanosis. Other effects are weakness, dizziness, and severe headaches. (USCG, 1999)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Maintain an open air way and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Treat hypotension with supine positioning, intravenous crystalloid fluids. and low-dose pressors if needed.Monitor vital signs and ECG for 4 to 6 hours. Symptomatic methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue. Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not effective. Sever methemoglobinemia in infants not responsive to methylene blue therapy may require exchange transfusion.|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 d of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

n-propyl nitrate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

In Animals: irritation eyes, skin; methemoglobinemia, anoxia, cyanosis; dyspnea (breathing difficulty), lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, headache

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Confusion. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, blood

Nitric acid, propyl ester: ACTIVE

Method: NIOSH S227; Procedure: Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: n-propyl nitrate; Matrix: air; Detection Level: range 50-209 mg/cu m.|Method: OSHA 7, Organic Vapors; Procedure: Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: n-propyl nitrate; Matrix: air; Detection Level: not provided.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree