3,4-Dinitrotoluene

182.135

182.13

210-222-1

V6PS4L6ZHT

0729

52216

3454

DTXSID8027240

Yellow needles from carbon disulfide|... Red solid

2904203000

91.6

2.0 (calculated)

3,4-dinitrotoluene appears as yellow to red solid or heated liquid with a slight odor. Solidifies in cool water. Solid and liquid sink in water . (USCG, 1999)

1.2594 g/cm³ @ Temp: 111 °C

58.3 °C

284 °C

207°C c.c.

1.598

Solubility in water: very poor

Normally stored as a molten liquid. Separate from strong oxidizers & reducing agents. Hot water coils should not exceed 194 deg F (90 deg C). /Dinitrotoluenes/

3.50X10-4 mm Hg at 25 deg C /extrapolated/

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 6.28

Material may explode when exposed to heat or flame.

Slight odor

Henry's Law constant = 9.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.92X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Explosive

3,4-DINITROTOLUENE may explode when exposed to heat or flame (USCG, 1999).

-8075 Btu/lb = -4486 cal/g = -187.7x10+5 J/kg

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.

6.66X10+7 J/kmol at 331.45 deg K (est)

Critical temperature: 842.0 deg K (est); critical pressure: 3.4X10+6 Pa (est)

II

6.1

UN 3454 6.1/PG 2

3

45-23/24/25-48/22-51/53-62-68

S53-S45-S61

XT2100000

T,N

Fireproof. Separated from strong bases, food and feedstuffs, oxidants and strong reducing agents. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501

H301

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|1) BY MAKING PACKAGES OF DINITROTOLUENE IN PAPER OR OTHER FLAMMABLE MATERIAL & BURNING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER WHICH ALLOWS BURNING IN UNCONFINED CONDITION & IS EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. 2) BY DISSOLVING IN FUEL OIL & ATOMIZING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. /DINITROTOLUENE/|Dinitrotoluene is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Pretreatment involves contact of the dinitrotoluene contaminated waste with sodium carbonate and solid combustibles followed by incineration in an alkaline scrubber equipped incinerator unit. /Dinitrotoluene/

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Dinitrotoluene (1980) EPA 440/5-80-045|USEPA; Chemical Hazard Information Profile: 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (1978) EPA-560/11-80-011|Chem Indus Inst of Tox Report: A Thirty Day Toxicology Study in Fischer-344 Rats Given Dinitrotoluene, Technical Grade Docket # 22397 (1977)|Rickert DE et al; CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 13 (3): 217-34 (1984). A review with 86 reference on the toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and metabolism of 2,3- 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, and 3,5-dinitrotoluene in man and laboratory animals.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen. Behavior in Fire: May explode when exposed to heat or flame. (USCG, 1999)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air. Risk of explosion on contact with many substances.

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 64 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P309+P311, P312, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P312, P304+P340, P309+P311, P312, P314, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Safety glasses with side shield or safety goggles and plastic face shield. Self-contained breathing apparatus or air line mask. Butyl rubber gloves, boots and protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)|Wear appropriate clothing to prevent any possibility or probability of skin contact with molten liquids or repeated or prolonged contact with solutions. Wear eye protection to prevent any possibility of eye contact with molten material. /Dinitrotoluene/|Respiratory selection: 15 mg/cu m any supplied air respirator or any self-contained breathing apparatus; 75 mg/cu m: any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood or any self-contained breathing appartus with a full facepiece; 200 mg/cu m: a Type C supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood, operated in continuous flow mode; > 200 mg/cu m or unknown: self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode or a combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode; Escape: any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates. /Dinitrotoluene/|Employees should be provided with, and required to use, impervious clothing, gloves, face-shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with molten or liquid dinitrotoluene, or liquids containing dinitrotoluene. /Dinitrotoluene/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 3,4-DINITROTOLUENE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Combustible material.

Material may explode when exposed to heat or flame.

Fire extinguishing agents: Water, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Dinitrotoluenes, molten/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/

1) REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2) VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL. 3) FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, SWEEP ONTO PAPER OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL & BURN IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER WHICH ALLOWS BURNING IN UNCONFINED CONDITION & IS EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. LARGE QUANTITIES MAY BE RECLAIMED ... IF ... NOT PRACTICAL, DISSOLVE IN FUEL OIL & ATOMIZE IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. /DINITROTOLUENE/|Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/|Environmental considerations - land spill: Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Dinitrotoluene, liquid; dinitrotoluene, solid/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where dinitrotoluene or liquids containing dinitrotoluene are handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle these substances should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Dinitrotoluene/|... PROGRAM TO PREVENT HEALTH IMPAIRMENT DUE TO EXPOSURE TO AROMATIC NITRO-COMPOUNDS REQUIRES EXPOSURE CONTROL & MED SUPERVISION, ... JOB ANALYSIS TO ENSURE PROPER HANDLING PROCEDURES, ADEQUATE EQUIPMENT DESIGN FOR ... OPERATING & MAINTENANCE, & APPROPRIATE VENTILATION WITH AIR-POLLUTION CONTROL ARE MIN REQUIREMENTS. TOTALLY ENCLOSED SYSTEMS ARE PREFERRED. ... AIR ANAL CAN BE HELPFUL; BUT IN GENERAL, RESULTS HAVE BEEN MISLEADING DUE TO LOW VAPOR PRESSURE ... & CONTAMINATION OF SURFACES WHERE SKIN CONTACT OCCURS. ... MIST FROM HOT CHARGES, LEAKING LINES, STEAMING OPERATIONS, HOT DRAINAGE DITCHES, ETC ... . DRAINAGE CANNOT BE IGNORED AS SOURCES OF GROSS SKIN EXPOSURE ... . /NITRO-CMPD, AROMATIC/|Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. If the use of respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted are those approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. /Dinitrotoluene/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 3,4-DINITROTOLUENE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Dinitrotoluenes; Dinitrotoluenes, liquid; Dinitrotoluenes, molten; Dinitrotoluenes, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 3,4-DINITROTOLUENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

A skin irritant.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1.5 mg/cu m. Skin Designation. /Dinitrotoluene/

NIOSH considers dinitrotoluene to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Dinitrotoluene/|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. /Dinitrotoluene/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 1.5 mg/cu m, skin. /Dinitrotoluene/

Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from strong bases, food and feedstuffs, oxidants and strong reducing agents. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is mildly irritating to the skin. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin.

NO open flames. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Dinitrotoluene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Dinitrotoluene/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Dokai Bay, Kitakyushu City, Japan: 1979, 6 industrial wastewater drains, 16.7% pos, 19 ppb, estimated daily discharge into bay, 1470 g/day(1). 3,4-Dinitrotoluene was detected in 63.3% of the 54 samples of condensate water collected from a TNT manufacturing facility at a range of 0.03-1.3 mg/L; a minimum of one sample per week was collected over a one year period(2). 3,4-Dinitrotoluene was detected in a wastewater sample from an ammunition production facility at a concentration of 9 ug/L(3).

LD50 Rat oral 807 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 747 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The log of the 48 hr immobilization concentration (IC50) of Daphnia magna was 1.49 umol/L for 3,4-dinitrotoluene in static tests. Using a semi-static procedure, the log of the 21 day IC50 was 0.78 umol/L for 3,4-dinitrotoluene. The log of the lowest concentration of 3,4-dinitrotoluene tested that significantly (p< 0.01) lowered the population growth constant of Daphnia after 21 days was 0.24 umol/L. This same concentration was the lowest concentration to significantly (p< 0.01) lower the mean length of Daphnia after 21 days.

Those individuals with blood or liver disorders may be at increased risk from exposure to 2,4-DNT. /2,4-Dinitrotoluene/

3,4-Dinitrotoluene's formation during the production of isomeric mixtures of dinitrotoluenes for intermediate use in the manufacturing of toluene diisocyanate and dyestuffs(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 3,4-Dinitrotoluene is also formed during explosive production, such as TNT and ammunition manufacture, and released in wastewaters(2,3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), and 370(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.08(3), indicate that 3,4-dinitrotoluene is expected to have moderate to low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 3,4-dinitrotoluene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 3,4-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.5X10-4 mm Hg(4). 3,4-Dinitrotoluene is susceptible to photolysis on surfaces exposed to sunlight(5). Limited biodegradation data specific to 3,4-dinitrotoluene suggest that it is not readily biodegradable according to the Japanese MITI test(6) but can be co-metabolized(7). Biodegradation may be an important fate process for 3,4-dinitrotoluene based on results of various screening tests for other dinitrotoluene isomers that demonstrated microbial degradation(8-11).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), and 370(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.08(3), indicate that 3,4-dinitrotoluene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(5), measured BCF values of less than 2.7(6) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 3,4-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4). In aqueous solution, 3,4-dinitrotoluene has a quantum yield of 0.00007 at 313 nm(7) indicating that it is susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC); based on this quantum yield, the photolysis half-life in surface water under summer conditions is slightly over 32 hours(7). Limited biodegradation data specific to 3,4-dinitrotoluene suggest that it is not readily biodegradable according to the Japanese MITI test(6) but can be co-metabolized(8). Biodegradation may be an important fate process for 3,4-dinitrotoluene based on results of various screening tests for other dinitrotoluene isomers that demonstrated microbial degradation(9-12).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3,4-dinitrotoluene, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.5X10-04 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. At temperatures below 15 °C, the gas/particle partitioning model predicts that 3,4-dinitrotoluene will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases. Vapor-phase 3,4-dinitrotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 84 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.92X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 3,4-dinitrotoluene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 3,4-Dinitrotoluene is susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 3,4-dinitrotoluene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.92X10-13 cu m/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 84 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 3,4-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). In aqueous solution, 3,4-dinitrotoluene has a quantum yield of 0.00007 at 313 nm(3) indicating that it is susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC); based on this quantum yield, the photolysis half-life in surface water under summer conditions is slightly over 32 hours(3).

3.02|The BCF of 3,4-dinitrotoluene in carp (Cyprinus carpio) over a 6-week period was determined to be less than 0.27 and less than 2.7 when exposed to concentrations of 10 and 1 mg/L, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 3,4-dinitrotoluene can be estimated to be 575(SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on a log Kow of 2.08(2), the Koc of 3,4-dinitrotoluene can be estimated to be 326(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), these estimated Koc values suggest that 3,4-dinitrotoluene is expected to have medium to low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 3,4-dinitrotoluene is estimated as 9.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 3,4-dinitrotoluene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 3,4-Dinitrotoluene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). 3,4-Dinitrotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.5X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

SURFACE WATER: 3,4-Dinitrotoluene concentrations of 0.5 and 0.8 ug/L were detected in surface water samples collected from two brooks near Hirschagen/Waldhof, Germany in the vicinity of munitions manufacture during World War II(1); the river into which the brooks feed (River Losse) had a concentration of (0.03 ug/L)(1); two ponds in the Clausthal-Zellerfield region of Germany (again near previous munitions manufacture) had levels of 0.1 and 0.7 ug/L(1); the ponds feed into the River Oder which had a level of <0.01 ug/L(1).

Occupational exposure to 3,4-dinitrotoluene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3,4-dinitrotoluene is produced or used. (SRC)

Bioactivation of dinitrotoluene in the rat is thought to occur by the following processes: The methyl group is oxidized to an alcohol by a cytochrome p450 dependent pathway; the benzyl alcohol is conjugated with glucoronic acid and excreted in the bile. Intestinal microflora hydrolyze the glucuronide and reduce one nitro group, forming an aminonitrobenzyl alcohol which can be readsorbed from the intestine. The amino group oxidized to an hydroxylamine by hepatic enzymes and conjugated with sulfate. Decomposition of the sulfate ester yields a highly electrophilic nitrenium (or carbonium) ion which can react with DNA and other biological nucleophiles.|The metabolites produced from 5 DNT isomers (2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6- and 3,4-DNT) by Escherichia coli strain W3110, isolated from human intestine, were identified. Data obtained from metabolites produced by the Escherichia coli were 2 monoaminonitrotoluenes and hydroxylaminonitrotoluenes in all cases. This finding indicates that DNT is reduced via hydroxylaminonitrotoluenes to monoaminonitrotoluenes in Escherichia coli. In addn, the redn reactivities of DNT isomers were 3- > 2- for 2,3-DNT, 4- > 2- for 2,4-DNT, 5- > 2- for 2,5-DNT and 3- > 4- for 3,4-DNT.

0.04 Days

INHALATION, INGESTION OR SKIN ABSORPTION: Headache, weakness, nausea or dizziness, cyanosis, drowsiness, shortness of breath and collapse. EYES AND SKIN: Can burn eyes and skin. (USCG, 1999)

Call a doctor. INHALATION: Remove from exposure. If cyanotic, oxygen can be administered. EYES: Flush with copious amounts of water. SKIN: Remove all contaminated clothing. Wash with lukewarm water and soap. INGESTION: Induce vomiting. Administer gastric lavage. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

In case of ingestion, induction of emesis is not recommended because of the potential for central nervous system depression. Gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal may be considered soon after ingestion, provided airways are protected. /Dinitrotoluene/|Methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue in symptomatic patients, methemoglobin levels exceeding 20% to 30% or lower in patients with predisposing conditions such as anemia, and respiratory and heart diseases. Hyperbaric oxygen or exchanged transfusion may be considered in refractory patients or when contraindication to administration of methylene blue exists (eg, G6PD deficiency). /Dinitrotoluene/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

3,4-dinitrotoluene

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Confusion. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Further see Inhalation.

Commercial grade consisting of a mixture of the three isomers, 2,4-; 3,4-; 3,5-, is available. /Dinitrotoluene/|Technical grade dinitrotoluene contains less than 5% 3,4-dinitrotoluene by weight.

Benzene, 4-methyl-1,2-dinitro-: ACTIVE|Analysis of technical grade DNT yielded the following results: 76.49% 2,4-DNT, 18.83% 2,6-DNT, 0.65% 2,5-DNT, 2.43% 3,4-DNT, 1.54% 2,3-DNT, 0.040% 3,5-DNT, 0.050% Trinitrotoluene, 0.005% cresols, 0.003% mononitrobenzene, and 0.003%, 0.0005%, and 0.006%, for ortho-, meta-, and para-, mononitrotoluenes, respectively.

DINITROTOLUENE ISOMERS INCL 3,4-DNT WERE DETECTED IN WATER BY GC.|HPLC TECHNIQUES WERE USED IN THE LOW LEVEL DETECTION OF 3,4-DNT.|FUSED SILICON DIOXIDE CAPILLARY GC COLUMNS COATED WITH OV-101 WERE USED FOR ANALYSIS OF EXPLOSIVES INCLUDING 3,4-DNT AT LOW PICOGRAM LEVEL. HIGH FLOW RATE OF HELIUM CARRIER GAS WILL IMPROVE SEPARATION OF EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.