1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

167.838

167.85

211-135-1

0S5MKE574X

1486

1702

DTXSID2021317

Colorless, heavy liquid

0

2.66

1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is a clear colorless liquid. (NTP, 1992)

1.5406 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-70.2 °C

130.5 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

35.5±15.8 °C

1.484

2.89g/L(25 ºC)

Before being stored or transported over longer periods of time, chlorinated ethanes should be carefully analyzed for water, free acid, and stabilizers because decomposition may lead to excessive corrosion. Chlorinated ethanes should not be brought into contact with tanks, containers, valves, etc made of aluminum. /Chloroethanes/

Vapour pressure, kPa at 25°C: 1.9

1.80e-14 cm3/molecule*sec

0.00 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 2.50X10-3 atm-cu m/mol at 25 det C

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.80X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C

Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. It is also incompatible with dinitrogen tetraoxide, 2,4-dinitrophenyl disulfide, potassium, potassium hydroxide, nitrogen tetraoxide, sodium and sodium potassium alloy. It may react with chemically active metals, strong caustics, hot iron, aluminum and zinc in presence of steam. It may also react with mixtures of dinitrogen tetraoxide with halocarbons. (NTP, 1992)

-8.3784X10+08 J/Kmol

243.50 joules/g at 20 °C

Critical temperature = 624 K; Critical pressure = 4.02X10+06 Pa

II

6.1(a)

UN 2810 6.1/PG 3

2

R22

S26-S36-S45-S24-S16-S7-S39

KI8450000

Xn: Harmful;

Separated from strong oxidants and strong bases. Well closed.

Stable.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338

H302-H318-H332-H351

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2006)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U208, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.|Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Recommendable methods: Incineration & evaporation. Not recommendable method: Discharge to sewer. Dilute with kerosene or fuel oil due to high chlorine content. Evaporate small amt only.

Mixtures of potassium with tetra- and pentachloroethane will often explode spontaneously after a short delay during which a voluminous solid separates out.|Tetrachloroethane may explode with potassium or sodium.|Mixtures of sodium-potassium alloy and ... tetrachloroethane ... can explode on standing at room temperature. They are especially sensitive to impact.|Incompatability: Dinitrogen tetraoxide.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

DHHS/NTP; Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) Technical Report Series No. 237 (1983) NIH Publication No. 83-1793

Literature sources indicate that this chemical is nonflammable. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible under specific conditions. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 10 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P330, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P301+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P330, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.|Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]|(See protection codes)

It is non combustible.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Tetrachloroethane/|Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam extinguishers. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment for the area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand,earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. ... It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste.

/1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane should be/ handled in the workplace with caution. Exposures should be minimized due to the structural similarity to the carcinogenic chloroethanes.|If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Tetrachloroethane/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Tetrachloroethane/|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Tetrachloroethane/|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /Tetrachloroethane/|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at lease 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Tetrachloroethane/|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Tetrachloroethane/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

It irritates the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.

Handle with caution in the workplace.|NIOSH considers ethylene dichloride; hexachloroethane; 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane; and 1,1,2-trichloroethane; to be potential occupational carcinogens. Additionally, NIOSH recommends that the other five chloroethane compounds: 1,1-dichloroethane; ethyl chloride; methyl chloroform; pentachloroethane; and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane be treated in the workplace with caution because of their structural similarity to the four chloroethanes shown to be carcinogenic in animals.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Separated from strong oxidants and strong bases. Well closed.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

NO contact with hot surfaces. NO open flames.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

U208; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

U208; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (frequency of occurrence, median concn in ppb): organics and plastics (1; 27.4), inorganic chemicals (4; 14.8), electronics (1; 272.6)(1). The highest effluent concn was 272.6 ppb in the electronics industry(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Field studies were conducted in Phoenix, AZ and Los Angeles and Oakland, CA (US) during 1979 to better characterize the atmospheric abundance, fate and human exposure of selected organic chemicals that may be potentially hazardous(1). The average concentrations of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane measured in air at Los Angeles, Phoenix, and Oakland were 3.7, 8.5, and 4.2 ppb, respectively(1). Reported median and maximum concentrations of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane measured at 602 sites/samples in the US were 2.2 and 63 parts per trillion, respectively(2). Annual mean concentrations of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane measured at 12 locations within the city of Hamburg, Germany ranged from 0.006 to 0.3 ug/cu m(3).|INDOOR: Mean, median, minimum, and maximum 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane concentrations were 216, 0, 0, and 2557 ug/cu m, respectively, in indoor air samples and 39, 0, 0, and 708 ug/cu m, respectively, in ambient air samples collected at 19 residences in Kuwait during 1994 and 1995(1).|RURAL/REMOTE: 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane was not detected in rural air at 2 sites in the USA(1). The mean concentrations of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane in marine air at 8 sampling sites over the northern and southern Atlantic Ocean ranged from not detected to 1.4 parts per trillion (median 0.3 parts per trillion)(2).|SOURCE DOMINATED: In 43 sampling locations throughout the US, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane was not detected in over 75% of samples(1). In samples in which 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane was detected, the mean concn was 0.071 parts per trillion with a max concn of 3.1 parts per trillion(1).

LD50 RABBIT PERCUTANEOUS 20 G/KG (20,000 MG/KG)|LC50 RABBIT INHALATION 2500 MG/CU M/4 HR|LD50 MOUSE ORAL 1500 MG/KG|LC50 Rat inhalation 2100 ppm/4 hr|LD50 Rat oral 670 mg/kg

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane at 125 or 250 mg/kg (5 times/wk for 103 wk) was not carcinogenic in F344/N rats, although the observed increase in the proportion of male rats with liver tumor may be associated with the administration of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane. The cmpd at 250 or 500 mg/kg was carcinogenic in B6C3F1 mice, causing an increased proportion of female mice with hepatocellular carcinoma and an increased proportion of male and female mice with hepatocellular adenoma.

/SRP: Individuals with a compromised liver would be at risk from exposure to 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane./

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane's production as a byproduct during the manufacture of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and its use in the production of tetrachloroethylene(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 399(2) indicates that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.50X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 12.0 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data are not available for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane(SRC, 2008); however, biodegradation data for the isomer 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane indicate that degradation will be slow under aerobic conditions, but may proceed under anaerobic conditions(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 399(2) indicates that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is expected to adsorb very little to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.50X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.2 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 12(SRC), from a water solubility of 1.07X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C(6) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is expected to be slow under environmental conditions based on reported half-lives of 46.8 and 350 years at 25 °C and pH 7(7,8). Biodegradation data are not available for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane(SRC, 2008); however, biodegradation data for the isomer 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane indicate that degradation will be slow under aerobic conditions, but may proceed under anaerobic conditions(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 12.0 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is calculated to be 891 days(SRC), based on a rate constant of 1.80X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 891 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Hydrolysis of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is expected to be slow under environmental conditions based on reported half-lives of 46.8 and 350 years determined at 25 °C and pH 7(3,4). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).|The hydrolysis rate constant of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane was measured in dilute aqueous solutions within the temperature ranges of 147 to 190 °C (neutral range) and 52 to 87 °C (basic range), and at pH values of 3 to 12(1). The rate constant value was determined by 5 to 20 time-concentration points, with each sample analyzed in triplicate(1). The hydrolysis rate constant (neutral, 25 C) was determined to be 2.60X10-8/min, while the basic rate constant (pH 7, 25 C) was 2.15X10-9/min(1). Based on these data, the environmental half life of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (at 25 C, pH 7) was reported to be 46.8 yr(1). A base-catalyzed hydrolysis half-life of 350 years at 25 °C and pH 7 was extrapolated from data determined between 50 and 90 °C and pH 6.04-9.95(2). A neutral hydrolysis rate constant of 7.2X10-9/min was measured at 90 °C and pH 4.41(2). The major product of the basic reaction was reported to be trichloroethene(2).

An estimated BCF of 12 was calculated in fish for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane(SRC), using a water solubility of 1.07X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The experimentally determined Koc for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is 399(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is 2.50X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.3 days(SRC). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 12.0 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane was identified, not quantified, in groundwater at one of 18 Department of Energy (DOE) facilities(1). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane was analyzed for but not detected in groundwater samples collected from 72 wells in the Glassboro, NJ area during 1996(2).|DRINKING WATER: US Groundwater Supply Survey (945 supplies derived from groundwater chosen both randomly and on the basis that they may contain VOCs)- 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane was not detected in any supplies above the detection limit of 0.2 ppb(1). It was confirmed to be in extracts from the Carrollton water plant in New Orleans which derives its water from the Mississippi River(2). The concentration of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane in a sample collected over 7 days was 0.11 ppb(2).|SURFACE WATER: 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane was analyzed for but not detected in 12 water samples collected from the River Elbe at locations upstream and downstream of Hamburg, Germany (1). The reported limit of determination was 10 ng/L(1). 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane was analyzed for but not detected in water samples collected from 4 rivers and 5 lakes in Northern Greece(2).

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane was detected in one out of 234 table-ready food items tested during the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study(1). Cheddar cheese contained 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 53.0 ppb(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4145 workers (926 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is produced and used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane via inhalation of ambient air(SRC).

WHEN ADMIN SC TO MICE, HALF OF DOSE OF 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE WAS EXHALED UNCHANGED, & PART METABOLIZED WAS EXCRETED MAINLY AS TRICHLOROETHANOL & TO MINOR EXTENT AS TRICHLOROACETIC ACID.|INHALATION OR INGESTION OF 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE BY PREGNANT RATS & RABBITS RESULTED IN PRESENCE OF HIGH LEVELS OF CHEM IN FETUSES, INDICATING TRANS-PLACENTAL PASSAGE.|It can be absorbed through inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact.

... /1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE WAS/ METAB ... TO GIVE FIRST DICHLOROACETIC ACID AND THEN GLYOXYLIC ACID. WITH PART OF TETRACHLOROETHANE, NONENZYMIC DEHYDROCHLORINATION OCCURS, WITH FORMATION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE, WHICH IS ALSO FOUND IN BREATH.|1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE WAS SC INJECTED INTO MICE & EXCRETION WAS FOLLOWED FOR 3 DAYS. THE PART METABOLIZED WAS EXCRETED MAINLY AS 2,2,2-TRICHLOROETHANOL (17-49% OF DOSE) & TO LESSER EXTENT AS TRICHLOROACETIC ACID.|IN RATS, GUINEA PIGS & RABBITS, 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE UNDERWENT DEHALOGENATION BY PRODUCING TRICHLOROETHANOL WHICH IS ELIMINATED PRINCIPALLY IN URINE IN FORM OF CONJUGATED GLUCURONIC DERIVATIVE (UROCHLORALIC ACID). OXIDN TO TRICHLOROACETIC ACID IS CONSIDERABLE ONLY IN RATS.|1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE, WHEN ADMIN FOR 8 HR AS VAPOR @ 200 PPM TO RATS & MICE, PRODUCED THE FUJIWARA REACTION-POSITIVE URINARY METABOLITES TRICHLOROACETIC ACID, TRICHLOROETHANOL, & TOTAL TRICHLORO CMPD.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

INDUCTION HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS PRIMARILY THROUGH A PROMOTING MECHANISM.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), restlessness, irregular respiration, muscle incoordination Target Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous system, liver (NIOSH, 2016)|Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia,administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... high percentage of large mononuclear cells found in circulating blood of patients suffering from early stages of tetrachloroethane poisoning. ... occasional complaints of tired feeling &, more often, gastric symptoms ... lack of appetite & slight nausea ... slight headache, & intercurrent remissions & exacerbations ... /tetrachloroethane/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In study of 380 workers ... in small factories in India ... tried to determine degree of inhalation of tetrachloroethane...used as cleaning agent. ... high % ... with nervous symptoms, such as headache, vertigo, nervousness, numbness & tremors. Tetrachloroethane @ 9-17 ppm induced tremors in 14% of the personnel; @ 40-74 ppm, in 33%; @ 50-61 ppm, in 41%; and @ 65-98 ppm, in 50%. /Tetrachloroethane/

1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion and by inhalation.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), restlessness, irreg respiration, muscle incoordination; In Animals: liver changes

Headache. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Vomiting.

Redness. Burning sensation. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, central nervous system, liver

99%; Neat standard for EPA methods

Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-: ACTIVE|1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is often an incidental by-product in the manufacture of chlorinated ethanes. It can be prepared by heating the 1,1,2,2-isomer with anhydrous aluminum chloride or chlorination of 1,1-dichloroethylene at 40 °C.|Not produced for sale in bulk quantities ... It is present as an unisolated intermediate in some processes for the manufacture of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene from ethylene dichloride.|1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane has no known commercial use other than as an unisolated process intermediate.

EMSLC Method 502.1, Volatile Halogenated Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography; Gas Chromatography Electrolytic Conductivity Detector; detection limit not reported|EMSLC Method 524.1, Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Packed Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry; Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry; detection limit not reported.|OSW Method 8021; Halogenated and Aromatic Volatiles By Gas Chromatography using Electrolytic Conductivity and Photoionization Detectors in Series: Capillary Technique; Capillary Gas Chromatography Electrolytic Conductivity Detector; detection limit = 0.0050 ug/l .|OSW Method 8240A; Volatile Organics by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS): Packed Column Technique; Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry; detection limit = 5.0 ug/kg (solid), 5.0 ug/l (liquid).|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens