Diethylene glycol diethyl ether

162.22672

162.23

203-963-7

ZH086O935Z

1151

1993

DTXSID3025047

Colorless liquid

29091900

27.7

0.4

Diethylene glycol diethyl ether is a clear colorless viscous liquid. (NTP, 1992)

0.907 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-44 °C

188 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

160 °F

n 20/D 1.412(lit.)

soluble Highly flammable. May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. Can form explosive peroxides. Vapor-air mixtures are explosive above the flash point. Water soluble .

Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not store in direct sunlight. Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible subst

0.5 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

5.6 (vs air)

LD50 orally in rats: 4.97 g/kg (Smyth)

0.062

2.68e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 1.11X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Liquid molar volume = 0.179481 cu m/kmol|wt/gal: 7.56 at 20 °C ... combustible|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.68X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

Highly flammable. May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. Can form explosive peroxides. Vapor-air mixtures are explosive above the flash point. Water soluble.

Ethers

Highly Flammable

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER is incompatible with strong acids. It is also incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.(NTP, 1992)

Bis(2-ethoxyethyl)ether|D: Other compounds that may form peroxides|Large amounts of peroxides found in new commerically available containers|Kelly

401 °F (NTP, 1992)|174 °C

1993

2

R19

26-36

KN3160000

Xi

Separated from strong oxidants. Ventilation along the floor.

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May form peroxides on exposure to air - test for their presence before heating.

P210, P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P501

H227

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Glycol ethers, glycols, ketones, and alcohols undergo violent decomposition in contact with 68-72% perchloric acid

Department of Health & Human Services/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Teratologic Evaluation Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (CAS No.112-36-7) Administered to CD-1 Mice on Gestational Days 6 through 15, NTP Study No. TER86059 (November 6, 1987) and Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (CAS No. 112-36-7) Administered to New Zealand White Rabbits on Gestational Days 6 through 19, NTP Study No. TER87060 (December 7, 1987). Available at http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=0847FF31-90CC-C685-88B4D7EAC975BD44 as of August 15, 2002

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Above 71 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

|Warning|H315 (43.82%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, and P362|Aggregated GHS information provided by 361 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)|Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should keep this material in a tightly closed container under an inert atmosphere, and store it at refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Separated from strong oxidants. Ventilation along the floor.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and skin.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

NO open flames. Above 71 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Diethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Diethylene glycol diethyl ether has been qualitatively identified in trench leachates from Maxey Flats and West Valley low-level radioactive waste disposal sites(1). Diethylene glycol diethyl ether has been qualitatively identified in advanced waste treatment water from Lake Tahoe, CA, Pomona, CA, and Blue Plains, Washington, DC(2). Diethylene glycol diethyl ether was tested from a light duty truck using different fuel types; diesel mixed with diethylene glycol diethyl ether: cold start 79 ug/cu m, hot start 52 ug/cu m; diesel fuel: cold start 23 ug/cu m, hot start 25 ug/cu m; diesel fuel mixed with diethylene glycol dimethyl ether: cold start 7.7 ug/cu m, hot start 7.3 ug/cu m; diesel fuel mixed with 2-ethylhexyl nitrate: not detected for cold and hot start(3).

LD50 Rat oral 4970 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 1850 mg/kg

Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DGDE) was evaluated for developmental toxicity in timed-pregnant CD-l mice. Diethylene glycol diethyl ether was administered daily in distilled water by gavage at 0, 300, 1,500, 3,000 and 4,500 mg/kg on gestational days (gd) 6 through 15. Maternal toxicity was evident in dams exposed to diethylene glycol diethyl ether at doses greater than or equal to 1,500 mg/kg/day . CNS function was highly sensitive to treatment as evidenced by ataxia, coma and lethargy in a majority of the dams dosed. Mortality among confirmed--pregnant animals occurred with incidences of 0% (0/29), 0% (0/24), 8.6% (3/35), 11.8% (4/34) and 100% (14/14) in the control through high-dose groups, respectively. Deaths occurred early during the dosing period (gd 6-9), and all deaths at the high dose were preceded by evidence of severe CNS depression. There were no effects of treatment on any of the parameters that indicate changes in the numbers of resorptions, nonlive implants, fetal deaths as well as live fetuses. Average fetal body weight per litter was significantly lower at 3,000 mg/kg diethylene glycol diethyl ether when compared with the control group. The incidence of major malformations was low in all groups and was dose independent. The 1,500 mg/kg/day dose was a no observed effect level (NOEL) for developmental toxicity. In conclusion, development of the CD-1 mouse is not sensitive to diethylene glycol diethyl ether administered by gavage at maternally nontoxic doses. A NOEL for diethylene glycol diethyl ether-induced developmental toxicity was 1,500 mg/kg/day, a dose which produced maternal CNS depression and lethality (8.6%). The lowest dose given, 300 mg/kg/day, represented a NOEL for diethylene glycol diethyl ether-induced maternal toxicity.|Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DGDE) was evaluated for developmental toxicity in artificially inseminated, New Zealand White rabbits. Diethylene glycol diethyl ether was dissolved in distilled water to provide doses of 0, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg, and subsequently administered daily by gavage from gestational days (gd) 6 through 19. DGDE treatment did not adversely influence maternal viability. The only exception was that one of the 27 confirmed pregnant dams (3.7%) in the 400 mg/kg group died on gd 15. Necropsy of that animal indicated that its death was related to diethylene glycol diethyl ether exposure. The pregnancy incidence was similar across dose groups and ranged from 85.7% to 88.6%. Clinical signs of toxicity were observed during treatment with the greatest occurrence in the high dose group. Ataxia, coma, dyspnea and postdosing vocalization predominated at 400 mg diethylene glycol diethyl ether/kg/day. Weight loss (greater than or equal to 150 g/day) occurred in both the control and treated animals. Maternal body weight was similar among dose groups on gd 0 as well as throughout the treatment and post-treatment periods. When weight gain was compared, however, dams exposed to 400 mg diethylene glycol diethyl ether/kg had significantly lower weight gain than controls during the treatment period. Liver and gravid uterine weights did not differ among dose groups. There was no effect of treatment on embryo viability. The incidences of resorptions and fetal deaths were similar among the treatment groups. In addition, the number of live fetuses per litter and average fetal body weight per litter (both sexes) were not affected by diethylene glycol diethyl ether treatment. Nonetheless. when fetal body weights were analyzed by sex, female weight manifested a significant decreasing trend which was related to the statistically nonsignificant, weight reduction in the 400 mg/kg/day dose group, In addition, embryo/fetal morphogenesis was not observably altered by diethylene glycol diethyl ether treatment, based on the findings of external, visceral and skeletal examinations of gd 30 fetuses. In conclusion, embryonic and fetal development of the NZW rabbit was not sensitive to diethylene glycol diethyl ether as tested in the present study at maternally toxic doses. Although clearcut developmental effects were not identified for diethylene glycol diethyl ether, the significant decreasing trend in body weight of female fetuses at 400 mg/kg/day is marginal evidence of diethylene glycol diethyl ether-induced developmental toxicity. Since maternal toxicity was also observed at the high dose, the 200 mg/kg/day dose represents a no observed effect level (NOEL) for both diethylene glycol diethyl ether induced developmental and maternal toxicities.

Diethylene glycol diethyl ether's production and use as a high boiling reaction medium(1), and as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers, resins, and organic syntheses(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 39(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.39(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diethylene glycol diethyl ether from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from Its vapor pressure, 0.52 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(5). Diethylene glycol diethyl ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation of diethylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected to be an important fate process in soil based on biodegradation studies conducted with sewage seed(6-7).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 39(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.39(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.52 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation of diethylene glycol diethyl ether is not expected to be an important fate process in water based on biodegradation studies conducted with sewage seed(8-9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diethylene glycol diethyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 0.52 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethylene glycol diethyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diethylene glycol diethyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). The rate constant for the reaction between photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in water and diethylene glycol diethyl ether is 3.2X10+9 L/mole-sec(2); assuming that the concentration of hydroxyl radicals in brightly sunlit natural water is 1X10-17 M(3), the half-life would be about 250 days(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for diethylene glycol diethyl ether(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.39(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of diethylene glycol diethyl ether is estimated as 39(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.39(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that diethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for diethylene glycol diethyl ether is estimated as 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.52 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diethylene glycol diethyl ether is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). Diethylene glycol diethyl ether's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur(SRC). Diethylene glycol diethyl ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: Diethylene glycol diethyl ether has been qualitatively identified in drinking water(1). Diethylene glycol diethyl ether was qualitatively detected in drinking water from Cincinnati, Ohio(2).|GROUND WATER: Diethylene glycol diethyl ether has been qualitatively identified in ground water from the Hipps Road Landfill in Jacksonville, FL(1).|SURFACE WATER: Diethylene glycol diethyl ether has been detected in the River Rhine at 1 ug/l(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,489 workers (2,128 of these are female) are potentially exposed to diethylene glycol diethyl ether in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to diethylene glycol diethyl ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethylene glycol diethyl ether is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diethylene glycol diethyl ether via ingestion of drinking water(SRC).

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract, coughing, dyspnea and kidney damage. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, headache and central nervous system depression. Exposure may also cause diarrhea, abdominal and lumbar pain, mild liver damage, pulmonary edema, transient polyuria, oliguria, anuria and death by acute renal failure. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke, irritating fumes and toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: B. Ethylene glycol and its mono- and diethers... 1. Central nervous depression... 3. Nausea, vomiting, and sometimes diarrhea. 4. ...Headache. Later abdominal and lumbar pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. 5. Transient polyuria and then oliguria, progressing to anuria. 6. Acute renal failure... 7. Less critical pathological lesions may appear in brain, lungs, liver, meninges and heart. /Ethylene glycol alkyl ethers/|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ...Skin permeation was calculated using the Franz cell method with human skin. A physiological solution was used as the receiving phase. ...A permeation profile was obtained and steady state, lag time and permeation constant flux was calculated for each of the following solvents: ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGMEE), propylene glycol mono-methyl ether (PGMME); propylene glycol mono-methyl ether acetate (PGMMEac); 2-propylene glycol 1-butyl ether (2PG1BE), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME), ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDEE) and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME). All solvents were tested in their pure form and with 70% acetone. For all solvents tested the lag time was <2 hr, and for the majority of them was about 60 min. Flux at steady state ranged between 0.017 +/- 0.005 and 3.435 +/- 1.897 mg/sq cm/hr and permeation rate was from 0.0192 to 1.02 x 10-3 cm/hr. The presence of acetone in the solution caused a reduction in lag time and an increase in permeation rate, higher for EGMEE, lower for EGDEE, indicating the enhancing effect of this mixture of solvents. ...|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Ethylene glycol ethers (EGEs) including diglyme are used in the manufacture of semiconductors. Epidemiological studies of semiconductor populations evaluated potential adverse reproductive outcomes. ... In each of these studies, workers were exposed to mixtures including diglyme but not to diglyme alone. ... Exposure to EGEs was determined using questionnaires from subjects about the work performed and an assessment of the work environment by industrial hygienists, but no measurements of personal or area exposures were made. Workers in the fabrication area were considered exposed to EGEs. For the retrospective study, information on pregnancy outcomes and potential confounders (age, smoking, ethnicity, education, income, year of pregnancy, and stress) was obtained through a comprehensive interviewer-administered interview of female employees. The prospective study of early fetal loss and fecundity (probability of conception per menstrual cycle) was conducted in a subset of female employees from five plants. Daily diaries and measurements of daily urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels for 6 months were collected in addition to the comprehensive interview. Of the 891 medically verified pregnancies identified for the retrospective study, 774 (86.9%) were live births, 113 (12.7%) were spontaneous abortions, and 4 (0.4%) were stillbirths. The overall unadjusted relative risk (RR) for spontaneous abortions was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-2.05) and changed little after adjusting for confounders (adjusted RR =1.43; 95% CI = 0.95-2.09). When stratified by work group, the risk of spontaneous abortion was statistically significantly increased for female workers in the photolithography group (RR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.04-2.55) and in the etching group (RR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.27-3.19). For women working with higher levels of EGE only in masking, the risk for spontaneous abortion was increased 3-fold (RR = 3.38; 95% CI = 1.61-5.73). In the prospective study, no statistically significant differences were detected in the overall rate of spontaneous abortions between fabrication and non-fabrication workers or when pregnancy outcomes were examined by work group. However, the ability to conceive was lower among female workers exposed to EGEs (fertility rate [FR] = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.11-1.19). /Ethylene glycol ethers/

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-ethoxy-: ACTIVE|S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.

A monitoring method based on solvent extraction of adsorbed target glymes followed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry GC -MS analysis was developed for ... diethylene glycol diethyl ether. The best recoveries of target glymes were achieved when using a combination of sample collection medium of graphitised carbon black (GCB) with a solvent mixture of methylene chloride and methanol (95/5, v/v). Method detection /limit was/ ... 1.5 microg/cu m for diethylene glycol diethyl ether ... . Using this method ... diethylene glycol diethyl ether /was/ ... detected and measured successfully in diluted vehicle exhausts in diesel fuel engine tests.

Analyte: diethylene glycol diethyl ether; matrix: urine; procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection