Di-allate

270.22

270.22

218-961-1

2902|2992

DTXSID2020391

BROWN LIQUID|Oily liquid

2930200013

45.61000

4.27740

Viscous Liquid

1.188 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

25-30 °C

150 °C @ Press: 9 Torr

>100 °C

1.52

40mg/L(room temperature)

0-6°C

1.50e-04 mmHg

5.67 (vs air)

Oral-Rat  LD50: 395 mg/kg

Combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and chloride gases

Henry's Law constant= 3.8X10-6 atm-cu m/mol (calculated)

EVAPORATION RATE IS 10.63X10-9 MOL/SQ CM/HR AT 20 °C

Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.

Thiocarbamate Esters and Salts/Dithiocarbamate Esters and Salts

DIALLATE is a thiocarbamate ester. Flammable gases are generated by the combination of thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides. Thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates are incompatible with acids, peroxides, and acid halides.

NONCORROSIVE

III

6.1(b)

2902

1

22-40-50/53

25-36/37-60-61

EZ8225000

Xn,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

INDEFINITELY STABLE; NOT SENSITIVE TO LIGHT OR HEAT

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U062, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and residence times for liquids and gases, seconds; hours for solids. Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times for liquids and gases, seconds; longer for solids.|Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/|Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal, or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

REVIEW: THE BIOLOGIC & ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF DIALLATE; US DEPT AGRIC, TECH BULL 1620: 25 (1980). REVIEW WITH 27 REFERENCES IN FORM OF REPORT OF THE DIALLATE ASSESSMENT TEAM TO THE REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION AGAINST DIALLATE REGISTRATION IN US. WILD OAT CONTROL BY DIALLATE & ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ARE DISCUSSED.|REVIEW: STEWART J, DIALLATE: POSITION DOCUMENT 1; GOVT REPORTS ANNOUNCEMENTS & INDEX (GRA&I), ISSUE 24 (1980). REPORT ON PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT.|REVIEW: DIALLATE: POSITION DOCUMENTS 2 & 3; US NTIS PB REP PB80-216,849: 60 (1980). (27 REFERENCES). EPA POSITION DOCUMENT ON REGISTRATION IS PRESENTED INCL ANALYSIS OF DATA SUBMITTED SINCE POSITION DOCUMENT 1.|Mathys G; Bull OEPP Organ Eur Mediterr Prot Plant 5 (2): 87-100 (1975). Studies on environmental hazards and fate of herbicides are reviewed.|Palmer JS, Radeleff RD; US Dept Anr Prod Res Rept 106: 1-26 (1969). Results of toxicity of organic herbicides to cattle, sheep and chickens.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P264, P270, P273, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P391, P405, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 41 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|WEAR RUBBER GLOVES & GOGGLES WHEN HANDLING.|/The use of/ neoprene gloves during tank fills reduced total exposure to diallate.

Nonflammable

Spillages of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: These should be removed by vacuum cleaning or by dissolving them in water or other solvent in the factory environment. /Pesticides/

Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide of moderate or higher toxicity is being handled or used. /Pesticides/|IN CASE OF SKIN CONTACT, WASH WITH SOAP & WATER; FOR EYES, FLUSH WITH WATER FOR 15 MIN & GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.|Cleaning glassware and spray equipment: Thorough flushing with water.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

SLIGHTLY IRRITATING TO SKIN AND EYES.|THE CONCENTRATE MAY CAUSE IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES, & MUCOUS MEMBRANES.

U062; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

U062; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when diallate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

highly toxic

Field experiments were conducted in 1979 and 1980 to determine the effect of diallate alone and in combination with aldicarb on Heterodera schachtii population development in sugar beet. Cyst numbers were determined before pesticide treatment in March, after development of white females in July, and at harvest time in October; And egg and larval densities were determined in March and October. Cyst production following diallate treatment increased 3 fold in July 1979, 1.5 fold in July 1980 and 2 fold at harvest time 1980 over control values. The combination of diallate/aldicarb resulted in the greatest reduction in cyst production at all sampling dates. The number of eggs and larvae per 100 cc soil increased in 1979 from March to October 3 fold in untreated plots and 5 fold with diallate, 1.8 fold with aldicarb alone and only 1.1 fold in the diallate/aldicarb combinations. In 1980, egg and larval numbers per 100 cc soil decreased 31% in the untreated control but remained unchanged in diallate treated plots. The diallate/aldicarb combination, however, reduced egg and larval numbers by 52%. Thus, diallate enhances the effectiveness of the nematocide aldicarb against the sugar beet cyst nematode.

LD50 Rat oral 395 mg/kg|LD50 Dog oral 510 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit percutaneous 2000-2500 mg/kg

Diallate is not known to occur naturally(1).

Diallate, a mixture of Z- and E-isomers of S-2,3-dichloroallyl diispropylthiocarbamate, may be emitted, released in wastewater or spilled during its production, formulation, transport, and storage(1). Since no US production has been reported since 1975, diallate manufacture will not be a relevant source of release in the US(1). Diallate will be released during its application as a pre-emergence herbicide which is incorporated into the ground for field and forage crops(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Diallate disappears from a variety of agricultural soils with a half-life of 2-6 weeks. The major routes of loss in decending order of importance are biodegradation, adsorption to soil, and volatilization(1). There is some evidence that microbial degradation is more dominant when adsorptive forces are weaker(3). The kinetics of diallate loss from soil is complex and appear to lie between first and second order(1). The only volatile degradation product is carbon dioxide(1). When applied to field plots in May, all the diallate was degraded within the growing season(2).|AQUATIC FATE: Diallate released into water would adsorb to sediment and particulate matter in the water column. It will also photodegrade in surface layers(1) and possibly biodegrade, however, no experimental data for these degradative processes in natural water systems could be found(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Diallate released to the atmosphere during its application or volatilized from soil will photodegrade. Vapor phase diallate will react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and have an estimated half-life of 5.1 hours(2). The half-life of diallate in aerosols is approximately 8 days(1). Aerosols and diallate adsorbed to particulate matter will also be subject to gravitational settling(SRC).|ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE: AT 42 °C 52, 53, & 56% ... DIALLATE REMAINED ON REGINA CLAY @ 7, 14, & 28 DAYS, RESPECTIVELY. FOR WEYBURN LOAM CORRESPONDING FIGURES WERE 81, 82, & 83% & FOR ASQUITE SANDY LOAM 98, 98, & 93%. ... AMT REMAINING @ 50 °C WAS ... 45-60% FOR ALL SOIL TYPES. ... LOSSES WERE NEGLIGIBLE @ 22 + OR - 2 °C.

Diallate absorbs light >290 nm; the extinction coefficient of the cis isomer is 540 at 300 nm(5). Diallate in soil or in thin films photodegrades when exposed to simulated sunlight. Ten and 55.4% of trans-diallate in a thin film degraded in 1 and 8 days, respectively, while 9.2 and 23.5% of the trans-diallate incorporated into soil decomposed in the same time period(1). The rate of decomposition of the cis-isomer was a factor of 0.87 slower(1). The photochemical reactions involve cis/trans isomerization and oxidative cleavage to form 2,3-dichloroacrolein and 2-chloroacroleins(2,5). After 4 hours irradation of 5 mM dillate solution at 300 nm through pyrex in a Rayonette reactor 0.5% of the diallate was converted to 2,3-dichloroacrolein(5). Vapor phase diallate will react with photochemically produced hyroxyl radicals and ozone in the atmosphere. Assuming a hydroxyl radical concentration of 5X10-5 per cu-cm and ozone concentration of 7X10-5 molecule/cu-cm, its half-lives will be 5.1 hr and 49 days, respectively(6). Diallate is stable to hydrolysis under environmental conditions(3), with a calculated half-life of 6.6 yr at pH(4). The calculated half-life is derived from the neutral and base rate constants (1.2+ or -0.7)X10-5 1/hr and 0.9 + or - 0.4/mol/hr (4).

The log BCF calculated for diallate is 2.1(1), which indicates only moderate bioconcentration in fish.

1.91e+03 L/kg|The measured value for Koc for diallate is 1900(1). Another investigator measured the Freundlich adsorption isotherms for diallate to five Saskatchewan soils. The values of the Freundlich constant, k, and exponent, 1/n, were (soil organic matter, pH; k, 1/n): Melfort loam (10.5%, 5.9, 56, 0.72), Weyburn sandy loam (6.5%, 6.5; 11, 0.97), Regina clay (4.2%, 77; 9, 0.95), Indian Head sandy loam (4.1%, 7.8; 7, 0.98), and Asquith loamy sand (1.8%, 7.5; 5, 1.03)(4). Assuming a conversion factor of 1.724% organic carbon per percent organic matter, the respective values of Koc of the five soils are 920, 280, 391, 307, and 448, respectively(4). The leaching of diallate and other thiocarbamate herbicide, in soil was shown to be proportional to its solubility in water and inversely proportional to the amount of organic matter in the soil(2). When surface applications of diallate were applied to 5 soils contained in 55 cm columns, the soil wetted to field capacity and the depth of leaching determined 48 hr later, it was found that the diallate leached to 15 cm in washed sand, remained in the top 5 cm in a peaty muck and penetrated to 5-10 cm in three other soils(2). Diallate applied to the test field plots remained in the top 5 cm of soil(3).

When 100 ppm diallate aqueous solution was left undisturbed in the dark, 60.2% of the trans isomer and 81.9% of the cis isomer had evaporated after 16 days at 25 °C(1). Both isomers completely volatilized from solution in 16 days at 35 °C(1). 28.6 and 30.6% of trans and cis diallate evaporated from a moist silty sand soil in 2 days at 25 °C and 40.0 and 44.5% of the isomers evaporated after 16 days(1). 70.9 and 75.6% of the trans and cis isomers volatilized from the soil in 16 days at 35 °C(1). The Henry's Law constant calculated from diallate's vapor pressure (1.5X10-4 torr at 25 °C(2)) and water solubility (14 mg/l at 25 °C(2)) is 3.8X10-6 atm-cu m/mol(SRC). From this value one can calculate that the half-life for diallate to evaporate from a typical model river (1 m deep, 1 m/sec current, 3 m/sec wind) is 16 days(3,SRC).

Diallate was not detected in any of the food composites in the Canadian Diet Survey (detection limit 0.04 ppm). None was detected in 13 crops in the US analyzed in 1967 (detection limit 0.1-0.2 ppm) or 7 crops analyzed in 1969 (detection limit 0.02 ppm)(1).

Exposure to diallate will primarily be by dermal contact with the pesticide or treated soil and by inhalation of vapors or aerosols during handling or application of the pesticide or from vapors emanating from treated fields. (SRC)|Exposure to diallate will primarily be occupational by dermal contact with the pesticide during loading, application and disposal operations, treated soil or by inhalation of vapors or aerosols during handling and application or vapors emanating from treated fields(1,SRC). The USEPA estimates that 2400 pesticide applicators are exposed to diallate in the US(1). The annual inhalation and dermal exposure to these workers has been estimated as 0.0038-0.0061 and 0.048-0.156 mg/kg(1). Measurements of dermal and inhalation exposure of field operators were made during application of the herbicide diallate preemergent to sugar beets(2). Dermal exposure was determined by attaching gauze pads to the operator's clothing and cotton gloves on the hands and inhalation exposure was determined by sampling air in the worker's breathing zone. Dermal exposure was the main contributor to total exposure with tank-fill operations exceeding all other dermal exposures by approximately 200-fold. The average diallate concentration during various field operations ranged from 0.20 ug/cu m for a tank fill operation with a Chemductor closed-fill system to 24.4 ug/cu m for harrow incorporation in a closed cab tractor. Total operator exposure was based on application to 20-acre plots. Total operator inhalation exposure was as high as 0.547 ug/kg for spray/harrow combination. Dermal exposure was highest for convential tank-fill operators with 4.5 ug/kg deposited to the face/neck and 973 ug/kg to the hands(2).|Measurements of dermal and inhalation exposure of field operators were made during application of the herbicide diallate preemergent to sugar beets. ... Dermal deposition, determined by attaching gauze pads to the operator's clothing and cotton gloves on the hands, was the main contributor to the total exposure. Dermal deposition on the hands during tank-fill /operations/ exceeded all other dermal values by chemical transfer. /The use of/ neoprene gloves during tank fills reduced total exposure to diallate.

ORAL DOSE LARGELY (88%) ELIMINATED IN 48 HR.|IN WILD OAT, PRIMARY ABSORPTION IS THROUGH EMERGING COLEOPTILE. EXTREMELY MINOR UPTAKE AT EARLY STAGES OF SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT.|... UPTAKE & TRANSLOCATION OF (14)CARBON FROM LABELED DIALLATE BY ROOTS & COLEOPTILES OF WILD OAT (AVENA FATUA L), WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L VAR SELKIRK), BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L VOR TRAIL), FLAX (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L VAR BOLLEY), /WAS STUDIED/ & CONCLUDED ... PATTERN OF ... UPTAKE & MOVEMENT WAS SIMILAR ...

MOUSE HEPATIC MICROSOMES METABOLIZE CIS- & TRANS-(14)C=O-DIALLATE IN NADPH-DEPENDENT REACTION, YIELDING PRIMARILY (14)CO2 IN ABSENCE OF GLUTATHIONE (GSH) & (14)CO2 & S-(DIISOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-GSH IN PRESENCE OF GSH. RATS ADMIN EITHER ISOMER EXCRETE S-DIISOPROPYLCARBAMOYL DERIV OF MERCAPTURIC ACID (62%), CYSTEINE (7%) & MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (1.5%) IN ADDN TO (14)CO2 (20%). PATHWAY APPEARS TO INVOLVE SULFOXIDATION, NONENZYMATIC REACTION OF SULFOXIDE WITH GSH & MERCAPTURIC ACID FORMATION.|RATS TREATED ORALLY WITH SEVERAL PROMUTAGENS & CARCINOGENS CONTAINING HALOALLYL OR HALOPROPYL SUBSTITUENTS EXCRETE SMALL AMT OF URINARY 2-HALOACRYLIC ACIDS SUCH AS 2-CHLOROACRYLIC ACID & 2,3-DICHLOROACRYLIC ACID FROM DIALLATE.|METABOLISM OF DIALLATE ISOMERS PROCEEDS VIA THEIR SULFOXIDES TO FORM 2-CHLOROACROLEIN IN MOUSE HEPATIC MICROSOMAL OXIDASE SYSTEM & 2,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPENE-1-SULFONIC ACID IN MICE & RATS IN VIVO & THEIR LIVER OXIDASE PREPN.|The proposed metabolites of diallate, triallate, and sulfallate were identified and quantitated by HPLC and GLC headspace analysis as chloroacroleins and chloroallylthiols. The quantitative relationships indicate that the thiocarbamates yield chloroacroleins on metabolic activation with the mixed function oxidase system alone, while the intermediate S-oxidation products were detoxified on diversion to chloroallylthiols when the glutathione/glutathione-S-transferase system was also present. The major mouse microsomal mixed function oxidase metabolites of three compounds were identified by HPLC cochromatography as the corresponding sulfoxides. It was concluded that the formation of mutagenic chloroacroleins involves primarily sulfoxidation of diallate followed by sigmatropic rearrangement-1,2-elimination reactions and S-methylene hydroxylation of triallate and sulfallate and then decomposition of their alpha-hydroxy intermediates. Competing glutathione-S-transferase catalyzed conjugations with glutathione divert the sulfoxidized intermediates from activation involving chloroacrolein formation to detoxification on chloroallylthiol liberation.

May be contaminated with diisopropylamine & other (unknown) cmpd in the manufacturing process.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

The clinical approach to carbamate toxicity is similar to that for organophosphate poisoning; the major exception is that pralidoxime usually is not recommended.|Assess the adequacy of the airway and ventilation and use oxygen, suction, intubation, artificial ventilation, intravenous lines, and cardiac monitors as needed. /Carbamates/|The usual measures of decontamination (ipecac/lavage, charcoal, cathartics) may be used when the patient presents within 2-4 hours of expsoure. Container identification is important to determine appropriate therapeutic measures, since the vehicle (eg, hydrocarbon, methanol) may be as toxic as the insecticide. When syrup of ipecac is used, the patient must be observed closely to prevent aspiration.

DIALLATE SHOWED A DOSE DEPENDENT INCREASE IN UNSCHEDULED DNA SYNTHESIS /IN HUMAN EPITHELIAL CELLS DERIVED FROM THE EYE/ FROM 3.6X10-6 TO 3.6X10-4, MEASURED BY AUTORADIOGRAPHY WITH NON-S PHASE CELLS. NO EFFECT WAS FOUND WITH LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING. N-MONOMETHYLFORMAMIDE AND N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE WERE CONTROLS.|Measurements of dermal and inhalation exposure of field operators were made during application of the herbicide diallate preemergent to sugar beets. Each operation, tank fill, application and incorporation, was measured individually to assess its relative contribution to the total exposure value. Inhalation exposure was measured by trapping the herbicide on polyurethane foam plugs while sampling the air around the operator's face. Dermal deposition, determined by attaching gauze pads to the operator's clothing and cotton gloves on the hands, was the main contributor to the total exposure.|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: Except for diminished intensity and duration, particularly of the central nervous signs and symptoms, carbamate poisoning resembles parathion intoxication in its clinical manifestations. 1. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and excessive salivation (sialorrhea), and sweating. 2. Lassitude and weakness. /Carbaryl/|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 5. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, fasciculations and twitching of muscles. 6. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretions of saliva and of respiratory tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales and rhonchi, and hypertension (presumably due to asphyxia). 7. Random jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions, and coma. 8. Death primarily due to respiratory arrest of central origin, paralysis of the respiratory muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Carbaryl/

Avadex

HERBICIDE FOR SUGAR BEETS, 88%; OTHER FIELD CROPS, 12% (1982)

TRADE NAME, /INTRODUCED BY MONSANTO CO/ AVADEX, GRANULAR--10%; EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE--4 LB/GAL.|DIALLATE IS AVAIL IN USA AS EMULSIFIABLE CONCN CONTAINING 45% OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT & AS A GRANULAR FORMULATION CONTAINING 10% ... COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS ... CONTAIN ROUGHLY EQUAL AMT OF CIS & TRANS ISOMERS.|Avadex (40% diallate)

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Diallate (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.|MUST BE INCORPORATED INTO SOIL ABOUT 2 INCHES DEEP IMMEDIATELY AFTER APPLICATION FOR BEST RESULTS. CAN ALSO BE APPLIED AS FALL APPLICATION BEFORE SOIL FREEZE-UP FOR SPRING WILD OAT CONTROL IN BARLEY, FLAX, & SUGAR BEETS.|CULTIVATED OATS SHOULD NOT BE SOWN IN THE YR FOLLOWING APPLICATION.|... FACTORS AFFECTING ACTIVITY OF DIALLATE ... USING AVENA FATUA L. /WERE STUDIED/ & FOUND THAT MOISTURE LEVELS WERE IMPORTANT. CONTROL WAS INHIBITED BY LOW MOISTURE. SLIGHTLY LESS THAN 15% MOISTURE WAS NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE CONTROL OF AVENA FATUA L. BY 16 OZ/ACRE OF DIALLATE IN REGINA CLAY.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for DIALLATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A procedure based on steam distillation was described for the determination of residues of diallate utilizing GC. Diallate was steam-distilled directly from aqueous suspensions of plant samples and trapped in hexane. After column clean-up on activated Florisil or silica cartridges, samples were quantitated by GLC. Recoveries of diallate from lettuce, peas, corn, canarygrass seed and straw, and flax straw ranged from 77-96%.|A sensitive multiresidue method utilizing GC equipped with an ECD was presented for the determination of diallate in natural waters, with practical detection limits between 5-100 ng/l (ppt). The entire cleanup procedure involved base partitioning, preliminary cleanup and fractionation on a 10% deactivated Florisil column and final cleanup of the fractions on an activated Florisil column. Recoveries of diallate from distilled and natural water samples were 82-104% at 2 fortification levels.|CIS- & TRANS-DIALLATE WERE EXTRACTED FROM SOIL & SUGAR BEET WITH ACETONE, RE-EXTRACTED WITH HEXANE & DETERMINED BY ELECTRON-CAPTURE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, USING 2 COLUMNS (XE-60 ON CHROMOSORB W & LAC 728 ON DIATOPORT S). DETECTION THRESHOLD WAS 0.25 PPM. RECOVERY 80-85%.|EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION & A GC METHOD WERE DEVELOPED FOR DETECTION OF DIALLATE IN FOOD CROPS SUCH AS APPLES, POTATOES, ALFALFA, CORN & SOYBEANS. WHEN FORTIFIED AT LEVELS OF 0.01-10 PPM, RECOVERIES EXCEEDED 80%.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for DIALLATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A procedure based on steam distillation was described for the determination of residues of diallate utilizing GC. Diallate was steam-distilled directly from aqueous suspensions of milk and trapped in hexane. After column clean-up on activated Florisil or silica cartridges, samples were quantitated by GLC.