Sulfonyl fluoride

102.06

102.06

220-281-5

64B59K7U6Q

1402

2191

DTXSID9034945

Colorless gas [Note: shipped as a liquified compressed gas]

2812901930

42.52000

1.25100

Sulfuryl fluoride appears as a colorless odorless gas. Shipped as a liquefied gas under its own vapor pressure. Noncombustible. Heavier than air. Very toxic by inhalation. Contact with the unconfined liquid can cause frostbite. Prolonged exposure to heat can cause containers to rupture violently and rocket. Used as an insecticide fumigant in wooden structures to control termites and wood-infesting beetles, and used in organic synthesis.

3.72 x 10^-3 g/cm³

-135.82 °C

-55.38 °C

1.293

mL SO2F2/100mL solvent: 4–5, H2O; 24–27, alcohol; 210–220, toluene; 136–138, CCl4, [MER06]

Store cylinders upright, away from heat in a secured, well ventilated area away from dwellings and work areas. Do not contaminate or store near food, feed, or drugs. When not in use, all full and partially used or empty cylinders must have the valve closed and the valve cover hood securely in place.

(70°F): 15.8 atm

3.72

Inhalation-rat LC50: 991 PPM/4 hours; oral-rat LD50: 100 mg/kg

Non-combustible; Fire site releases sulfur oxides and fluoride gas

Odorless

Not hydrolyzed by water; hydrolyzed by sodium hydroxide soln; not very reactive|Stable to light; stable up to about 500 °C when dry; rapidly hydrolyzed by aqueous alkali, but not by water.|Freezing point = -136.7 °C

Sulfuryl fluoride is a gas which is unaffected by water at temperatures up to 300F, but is slowly hydrolyzed by solutions of strong bases (Adv. Inorganic Chemistry, Cotton and Wilkinson, 1972, p. 455). The products of hydrolysis are hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid (Pesticide Profiles, Kamrin, ed., 1997, p. 548).

Fluoride Salts, Soluble

SULFURYL FLUORIDE is a gas which is unaffected by water at temperatures up to 300F, but is slowly hydrolyzed by solutions of strong bases (Adv. Inorganic Chemistry, Cotton and Wilkinson, 1972, p. 455). The products of hydrolysis are hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid and it is soluble in ethanol, toluene and carbon tetrachloride (Pesticide Profiles, Kamrin, ed., 1997, p. 548). It is much less reactive than sulfuryl chloride (Adv. Inorganic Chemistry, Cotton and Wilkinson, 1972, p. 455).

13.04 eV

Nonflammable Gas

The gas is heavier than air and may accumulate in lowered spaces causing a deficiency of oxygen.

NON-CORROSIVE

CRITICAL TEMP: 96 + OR - 20 °C

2.3

2191

23/25-36/37/38-50-48/20-23

23-37/39-45-61-60-63

WT5075000

C,N,T

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from food materials

Corrosive

Stable. Reacts with water.

P260, P261, P271, P273, P304+P340, P311, P314, P321, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501

H331

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Cylinder and Product Disposal: Promptly return all empty cylinders to your distributor of Vikane. Follow proper cylinder handling directions above. Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous, Improper disposal of excess pesticide is a violation of Federal law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, consult your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste Representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. /Vikane/|The following disposal method has been suggested ... allow gas to flow into a mixed solution of caustic soda and slaked lime.

Can react with water, steam.

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Sulfuryl Fluoride p.5-9. EPA 738-F-93-012 (1992) This document reviews information available on sulfuryl flouride as on 1992 (before this substance was considered as a replacement for methyl bromide).[Available from, as of February 15, 2007: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]|Sulfuryl Fluoride, Pesticide Tolerance; Federal Register; July 15, 2005 http://www.epa.gov/EPA-PEST/2005/July/Day-15/p13982.htm contains most recent information on EPA's evaluation of this chemical.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 123 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]|P260, P261, P271, P273, P304+P340, P311, P314, P321, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P284, P304+P340, P307+P311, P310, P311, P314, P320, P321, P391, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 204 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P309+P311, P311, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 123 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2191 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 123 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin from becoming frozen from contact with the liquid or from contact with vessels containing the liquid. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating. (NIOSH, 2016)|Protective Clothing: Wear splash-resistant goggles or full face shield for eye protection during introduction of the fumigant. Do not wear gloves or rubber boots. Do not reuse clothing or shoes that have become contaminated with liquid Vikane until thoroughly aerated and cleaned./Vikane/|Respiratory Protection: If the concentration of Vikane in the breathing zone of the fumigated area (as measured by a detector device with sufficient sensitivity ... does not exceed 1 ppm (4 mg/cubic meter), no respiratory protection is required. When this concentration is exceeded, all persons in the exposed area must wear a NIOSH ... approved positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA, not SCUBA) or combination air-supplied/SCBA respirator... Before using any make or brand of SCBA, learn how to use it correctly. Determine that it has an adequate air supply for the job at hand, that it fits properly, providing an adequate seal around the face, and that it is in good working order. /Vikane/|A self-contained breathing apparatus or full face gas mask with acid gas/organic vapor canister, approved by NIOSH ...|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 ppm: (ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTOR = 10) Any supplied-air respirator. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for SULFURYL FLUORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Noncombustible

If material involved in fire: extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Leak Procedures: Evacuate immediate area of leak. Use a NIOSH ... approved positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA, not SCUBA) or combination air-supplied/SCSA respirator ... for entry into affected areas to correct problem. Move leaking or damaged cylinder outdoors or to an isolated location, observing strict safety precautions. Work upwind if possible. Do not permit entry into leakage area by unprotected persons until concentration of fumigant in the breathing zone is determined to be 1 part per miliion (ppm) or less, as determined by a detection device with sufficient sensitivity ... /Vikane/

First Aid: In all cases of overexposure, such as nausea, difficulty in breathing, abdominal pain, slowing of movements and speech, numbness in extremities, get medical attention immediately. Take person to a doctor or emergency treatment facility. If inhaled: Get exposed person to fresh air. Keep warm and at rest. Make sure person can breathe freely. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. Do not put anything in the mouth of an unconscious person. Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. If liquid is on skin or on clothing: Immediately apply water to contaminated area of clothing before removing. Once area has thawed, remove contaminated clothing, shoes, and other items covering skin. Wash contaminated skin area thoroughly or shower. Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. If liquid is in eyes: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes. then continue rinsing eye. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. ... /Vikane/|Vikane is a highly hazardous material and should be used only by individuals knowledgeable of the hazards of this chemical and trained in the use of required respiratory equipment, fumigant detection devices, emergency procedures, and in the proper use of this fumigant. /Vikane/|When used for fumigation of enclosed spaces, such as houses and other structures, warehouses, vaults, chambers, trucks, vans, boxcars, ships, and other transport vehicles, 2 persons trained in the use of this product, at least one being an applicator who is licensed/certified by the state, must be present during introduction of fumigant, reentry prior to aeration, and during the initiation of the initial aeration procedure when exposure exceeds I ppm. Two persons need not be present if monitoring is conducted remotely (outside the area being fumigated) and no one enters the fumigated structure. /Vikane/|When fumigating a single unit/room within or connected to a larger structure (such as town houses, apartments, condominiums), all units of the entire structure must be vacated during the fumigation and aeration periods. Remove food, feed, drugs, and medicinals from the structure before the fumigation if they cannot be adequately sealed to prevent exposure to Vikane. Chloropicrin must be used as described on the label to warn of an ongoing fumigation. /Vikane/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SULFURYL FLUORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.|/GUIDE 123: GASES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Vapors may be irritating. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 123: GASES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn, but none ignite readily. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.|/GUIDE 123: GASES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SULFURYL FLUORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

... The patient's major objective findings involved irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract.|HIGHLY IRRITATING TO RESPIRATORY TRACT.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 ppm (20 mg/cu m).|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/cu m); STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 ppm (20 mg/cu m).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 10 ppm (40 mg/cu m).

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Isolate the area until the gas has dispersed. Shut off cylinder if possible. Remove vapour with fine water spray. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Fireproof if in building. Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite. The substance is severely irritating to the respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This may result in convulsions and respiratory failure. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Exposure could cause death.

STRICT HYGIENE!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Cold-insulating gloves.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

highly toxic

Therapeutic treatment with calcium gluconate was evaluated ... Rats were exposed to 4000 or 10,000 ppm sulfuryl fluoride for 45 or 16 min (sufficient to result in 100% lethality within 3 hr), respectively, or were treated ip with calcium gluconate prior to and after exposure to sulfuryl fluoride. Animals which were still alive 3 days after exposure ... were considered to have survived. In separate groups of rats, serum fluoride levels were determined in rats exposed to sulfuryl fluoride alone or pretreated with calcium gluconate. Four of five rats pretreated with calcium gluconate prior to exposure to 4000 ppm sulfuryl fluoride survived 3 days after dosing. The other rat died 90 min after exposure. Treatment with calcium gluconate after exposure to sulfuryl fluoride was not effective. While survival was incr in rats pretreated with calcium gluconate, the surviving animals were extremely debilitated with no apparent protection from convulsions. Animals pretreated with calcium gluconate did not survive exposure to 10,000 ppm sulfuryl fluoride. Admin of calcium gluconate resulted in approx 10% incr in serum calcium levels and did not appear to affect serum fluoride or magnesium levels.|Since the cause of death in rats pre- or postexposure treated with calcium gluconate appeared to be due to convulsions, rats were pretreated with 1 of 3 anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, diazepam, or diphenylhydantoin) prior to exposure to 4000 ppm sulfuryl fluoride or were treated postexposure with phenobarbital and diazepam ... Phenobarbital was the most effective anticonvulsant followed by diazepam with 5 of 5 and 4 of 5 pretreated with phenobarbital and diazepam surviving exposure to 4000 ppm for 50 min. Diphenylhydantoin accentuated the adverse effects of sulfuryl fluoride. At higher concn of sulfuryl fluoride, 10,000 ppm, phenobarbital was also ineffective.

LD50 Rat oral 100 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 100 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation approx 1000 ppm/4 hr|LC50 Rat (male) 3020 ppm/1 hr|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SULFURYL FLUORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/PLANTS/ Orchid plants and a grapefruit tree suffered considerable damage when vikane (SO2F2) was used to fumigate a termite-ridden house 15-30 ft away. Orchids developed black rot and leaf tip rot after 1 wk, and the tree lost its leaves and fruit after 4 days.|/PLANTS/ ... Phytotoxic but with little effect on the germination of weed & crop seeds.

/Experimental/ The principal route of fluoride excretion is via the urine. Some excretion takes place through sweat and feces, and fluoride also appears in saliva. Fluoride crosses the placenta; it rarely seems to be excreted in milk to any significant extent. /Fluorides/

Inhalation, eye and skin contact|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 5,136 workers are potentially exposed to thionyl fluloride in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers.

Food and Environmental Agents: Effect on Breast-Feeding: Reported Sign or Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Fluorides: None. /from Table 7/

Solutions of fluoride salts are rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, probably by simple diffusion ... Less than 10% of the ingested fluoride is excreted in the feces, but the proportion varies with circumstances ... The simultaneous presence of strongly fluoride-binding ions, especially calcium ions, will reduce the absorption of fluoride ... In patients ingesting aluminum-containing antacids, fluoride absorption decr to about 40%, and the retention decr to nil. /Fluorides/|In the industrial environment, the respiratory tract is the major route of absorption of both gaseous and particulate fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride being highly soluble in water is rapidly taken up in the upper respiratory tract ... Depending on their aerodynamic characteristics, fluoride-containing particles will be deposited in the nasopharynx, the tracheo-bronchial tree and the alveoli ... Dermal absorption of fluoride has only been reported in the case of burns resulting from exposure to hydrofluoric acid ... . /Fluorides/|About 75% of the blood fluoride is present in the plasma; the rest is mainly in or on the red blood cells ... Fluoride in human serum exists in both ionic and nonionic forms. ... For the general population under steady-state conditions of exposure, the concn of fluoride ions in plasma is directly related to the fluoride content of the drinking water. /Fluorides/|Fluoride ions are taken up rapidly by bone by replacing hydroxyl ions in bone apatite. /Fluorides/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SULFURYL FLUORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Identification of fluorosulfate and sulfate in blood and urine suggests that SO(2)F(2) is hydrolyzed to fluorosulfate, with release of fluoride, followed by further hydrolysis to sulfate and release of the remaining fluoride.|4 jugular vein cannulated Fischer 344 male rats and 4 non-cannulated males per group received nose-only inhalation exposure (4 hours) to 35S-Sulfuryl Fluoride at 30 and 300 ppm. Additionally, 18 non-cannulated males per group were exposed (4 hours, nose-only inhalation) to non-radiolabelled sulfuryl fluoride at 30 and 300 ppm and 8 non-cannulated males served as a vehicle control (dry, compressed air) group. Time-weighted actual exposure concentrations over the 4-hour treatment period with 35S-sulfuryl fluoride were 28.4 ppm (0.26 uCi/L of atmosphere) and 274 ppm (2.8 uCi/L of atmosphere) at the 30 ppm and 300 ppm nominal levels respectively. Values were 31.2 ppm and 312 ppm at 30 ppm and 300 ppm respectively for non-radiolabelled sulfuryl fluoride exposures. Venous blood samples (0.15 mL) were collected from cannulated rats at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours during inhalation exposure and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours post-exposure. 3 animals per group exposed to non-radiolabelled sulfuryl fluoride were sacrificed after 2 and 4 hours of exposure and 2, 4, 8, and 20 hours post exposure to measure fluoride ion content in plasma, brain, and kidney. Additionally, fluoride ion content was determined in plasma, brain, and kidney of 2 control rats per group at the beginning and end of exposure and 4 and 8 hours post-exposure. No radioactivity was detected in expired air of the 300 ppm group animals at 24 hours post exposure, therefore, collection of expired air was not continued for the remaining sampling intervals of the group and not performed at all for 30 ppm animals. ... Metabolites Identified Following 35S-Sulfuryl Fluoride Exposure. Two radiolabeled metabolites, sulfate and fluorosulfate, both hydrolysis products of sulfuryl fluoride, were identified in whole blood and urine. ... Metabolic release of fluoride ions was proposed as the cause of toxicity in sulfuryl fluoride exposure ... therefore, quantification was performed. Elevated levels of fluoride ion were detected in urine, plasma, kidney, and brain during and after exposure to non-radiolabelled sulfuryl fluoride. Most returned to background levels at varying times post-exposure.|... It was shown that termites fumigated with a nonlethal concentration of (35)S-sulfuryl fluoride excreted inorganic sulfate, indicating that fluoride had been released. Then, using the labeled metabolic pool technique, separate studies of termites prefed sodium (14)C-acetate or on (32)P-phosphate showed that fumigated termites exhibited a spectrum of metabolic changes characteristic of fluoride toxicity.

... Bone retains about 60% of iv-injected fluoride and that the half-time for this uptake is only about 13 min; both blood and extracellular fluid levels therefore decr rapidly. After ingestion of sodium fluoride, plasma fluoride levels show a much slower change with a half-life of about 3 hr ... /Fluorides/

The fluoride ion may play a role in the mechanism of action of sulfuryl fluoride in insects and possibly also in mammals. Serum fluoride levels have been elevated from control values in several species, including mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs, following acute or subchronic exposure to sulfuryl fluoride. Many of the observations in rodents overexposed to sulfuryl fluoride seem to be typical of acute fluoride poisoning.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 123 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Vapors may be irritating. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)|Corrosives

Eye: If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible. Skin: If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer immediately for medical attention .

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water. Refer immediately for medical attention. Keep rinsing during transport for medical attention.

... Vikane is a gas which has no warning properties such as odor or eye irritation. (However, chloropicrin is used as a warning agent and is a known lachrymator). Early symptoms of exposure to Vikane are respiratory irritation and central nervous system depression. Excitation may follow. Slowed movement, reduced awareness, and slow or garbled speech may be noted. Prolonged exposure can produce lung irritation, pulmonary edema, nausea, and abdominal pain. Repeated exposure to high concentrations can result in significant lung and kidney damage. Single exposures at high concentrations have resulted in death. Treat symptomatically. Liquid Vikane in the eye may cause damage due to refrigeration or freezing. /Vikane/|Acid burns. Since these compounds can cause severe acid burns to the esophagus and stomach, patients should be referred for surgical evaluation and endoscopy. If burns are documented, treatment for acid burns should be continued by a surgeon or gastroenterologist. /Other insecticides: Fluorides/|Oxygen by mask should be administered for hypotension, shock, cardiac arrhythmia, or cyanosis. Shock may require administration of plasma or blood.|Tetany. If overt or latent tetany occurs, or if hypocalcemia is demonstrated, or if it appears likely that a significant amount of fluoride has been absorbed, administer 10 mL of 10% calcium gluconate intravenously, at no more than 1 mL per minute. Dosage of calcium gluconate: Supplied as 100 mg/mL (10% solution). Adults and children over 12 years: 10 mL of 10% solution, given slowly, intravenously; Repeat as necessary. Children under 12 years: 200-500 mg/kg/24 hr divided by Q6 hour; for cardiac arrest, 100 mg/kg/dose; repeat as necessary. /Other insecticides: Fluorides/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SULFURYL FLUORIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Vikane is a gas which has no warning properties such as odor or eye irritation. (However, chloropicrin is used as a warning agent and is a known lachrymator). Early symptoms of exposure to Vikane are respiratory irritation and central nervous system depression. Excitation may follow. Slowed movement, reduced awareness, and slow or garbled speech may be noted. Prolonged exposure can produce lung irritation, pulmonary edema, nausea, and abdominal pain. Repeated exposure to high concentrations can result in significant lung and kidney damage. Single exposures at high concentrations have resulted in death. ... /Vikane/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Poisonings and fatalities have been reported in humans following inhalation exposure to sulfuryl fluoride. The severity of these effects has depended on the concentration of sulfuryl fluoride and the duration of exposure. Short-term inhalation exposure to high concentrations has caused respiratory irritation, pulmonary edema, nausea, abdominal pain, central nervous system depression, and numbness in the extremities. ... Prolonged chronic inhalation exposures to concentrations of sulfuryl fluoride gas significantly above the threshold limit value (TLV) of 5 ppm have caused fluorosis in humans because sulfuryl fluoride is converted to fluoride anion in the body. Fluorosis is characterized by binding of fluoride anion to teeth (causing mottling of the teeth) and to bone. Sulfuryl fluoride and fluoride anion are the residues of concern associated with sulfuryl fluoride. /Fluoride anion/[EPA 40 CFR Part 180|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ When released from pressurized steel cylinders, sulfuryl fluoride causes freezing of skin and eye tissues on contact.[EPA 40 CFR Part 180|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Accidental human exposure caused nausea, vomiting, cramps, itching.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SULFURYL FLUORIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

sulfonyl fluoride

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.|inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, paresthesia; liquid: frostbite: In Animals: narcosis, tremor, convulsions; pulmonary edema; kidney injury

Sore throat. Cough. Shortness of breath. Nausea. Vomiting. Weakness. Heart palpitations. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

Redness. ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, kidneys

MASTER FUME Active Ingredient 99.8% Sulfuryl fluoride|DOW AGROSCIENCES/PROFUME GAS FUMIGANT Active Ingredient 99.8% sulfuryl fluoride|VIKANE Active Ingredient 99.8% sulfuryl fluoride|ZYTHOR Active Ingredient 99.3% Sulfuryl fluoride|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for SULFURYL FLUORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Sulfuryl fluoride: ACTIVE|Sulfuryl fluoride is dispensed as a pressurized gas from a steel cylinder through a hose into the interior of an enclosed, sealed structure. People must be evacuated from the structure before it is treated; chlorpicrin, which produces a strong odor and eye irritation, is used as a warning agent and is released within the structure 5 to 10 minutes before sulfuryl fluoride is applied to ensure that the site is vacated. After treatment, the structure remains closed for a period of time (refer to the product label for specific times regarding target pest and environmental conditions) after which the applicator reenters and begins to aerate the area. People not wearing a respirator may not reenter the treated structure until air levels of sulfuryl fluoride have declined to 5 part per million (ppm) or less. Because sulfuryl fluoride is a Restricted Use Pesticide, it may only be applied by or under the direct supervision of a trained, certified applicator.|Sulfuryl fluoride has been registered for fumigation of structures for termites under the brand name Vikane for many years. Sulfuryl fluoride is considered to be a methyl bromide replacement for some of these post-harvest fumigation uses. Under the Profume product label, grain processing facilities and stored cereal grains, dried fruits and tree nuts will be fumigated at a maximum use rate of 1,500 ounces/ hours/1,000 ft3 (1,500 milligrams/hours/ liter (mg/hr/L) or 200 mg-hr/L under vacuum conditions. Commodities treated with Profume must be aerated for at least 24 hours before entering commerce.[EPA 40 CFR Part 180|The information available suggests that sulfuryl fluoride structural fumigation costs are comparable to methyl bromide at for the temperatures evaluated (85, 80, and 75 degrees Fahrenheit) when targeting post-embryonic pest life stages. Therefore, use of sulfuryl fluoride appears to be economically feasible in these instances and temperatures. ...Due to increased costs of fumigation, the adoption of sulfuryl fluoride may not be feasible for certain facilities having low profit margins. Sulfuryl fluoride may be a feasible alternative to methyl bromide for post-harvest commodity fumigation in some cases, but in other cases may not be due to efficacy, regulatory, and cost considerations.|UNDER CONDITIONS OF USAGE AS A GRAIN FUMIGANT, SULFURYL FLUORIDE REACTED WITH PROTEIN AND RELEASED INORGANIC FLUORIDE. SOME SULFATE WAS ALSO FOUND.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for SULFURYL FLUORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A method is described for the collection and determination of sulfuryl fluoride in air. The sulfuryl fluoride is extracted with diluted sodium hydroxide, evaporated (an aliquot) to dryness, and determined by ion chromatography. An average recovery of 95.8% with standard deviation of 11% was obtained for a concn range of 1.0 to 10 ppm for 4 hr sampling periods.|NIOSH Method S245. Analyte: Sulfuryl fluoride. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Method Evaluation: Method was validated over the range of 2.54 to 10.29 ppm using a 3 liter sample. Method detection limit: 0.1 ppm. Precision (CVT): 0.025. Applicability: Under the conditions of sample size (3 ppm) the useful range was 1X10+4. Interferences: No specific interferences.|Analysis by GLC, IR spectrometry or by an instrument that pyrolyses sulfuryl fluoride (measuring the resultant sulfur dioxide); atmospheres analyzed by trapping in aqueous alkali and titration of the fluorosulfate produced; or a thermal conductivity meter (SG Heuser; Anal Chem 35: 1476 (1963)).|Product analysis by glc, by i.r. spectrometry or by an instrument that pyrolyses sulfuryl fluoride (measuring the resultant sulfur dioxide). Atmospheres analysed by trapping in aqueous alkali and titration of the fluorosulfate produced; or a thermal conductivity meter.

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|Health Hazards -> Corrosives