Perfluorohexanoic acid

314.05

314.05

206-196-6

ZP34Q2220R

5213

DTXSID3031862

Colorless liquid

2915900090

37.3

3.6

1.762 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

12-14 °C

157 °C @ Press: 742 Torr

40.3±25.9 °C

1.290

In water, 15,700 mg/L at ambient temperature

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Hygroscopic. Light sensitive.

1.98 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

pKa = -0.16

195.94 Ų [2M-H]-

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.2X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Ⅱ

3265

3

8

S26-S36/37/39-S45

C,T

Stable, but may be light sensitive. Incompatible with oxidizing agents.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H314

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents

|Danger|H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P201, P202, P280, P281, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P405, and P501|H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, and P501

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in influent and effluent samples collected from 10 wastewater treatment facilities located throughout the US at <0.5-31 and <0.5-20 ng/L, respectively(1). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in sewage effluent samples from Finland, Norway and the Faeroe Islands and in landfill effluent samples taken from Finland and Norway, concentrations were not reported(2). Samples of effluent from three sewage treatment plants located in the Tsurumi River region of Japan contained 3.5-9.4 ng/L of perfluorohexanoic acid; samples were collected Jan to March 2006(3). Samples of effluent from 13 sewage treatment plants located in the Hayabuchi River region of Japan contained 2.0-16.1 ng/L of perfluorohexanoic acid; samples were collected Jan 9, 2007(4). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in 72% of effluent samples collected from 90 European wastewater treatment plants at 1-23.9 ng/L; samples were collected 2010(5). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in samples from urban canals, drainage canals, influent and effluent samples from wastewater treatment plants in Shenyang, China at 1.26-14.5, 8.58-36.7, 15.8-33.4 and 10.7-11.3 ng/L, respectively; samples were collected July to Sept 2009(6). Influent and effluent samples from two municipal wastewater treatment plants contained 80.1-348.3 and 155-180.7 ng/L perfluorohexanoic acid, respectively; the effluent from an industrial wastewater treatment plant contained 71.1 ng/L perfluorohexanoic acid; all plants are located in Taipei, Taiwan(7).|Perfluorohexanoic acid concentrations in the influent or effluent samples from waste water treatment plants along the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland were reported; all samples were collected Feb to March 2006(1).[Table#8319]

INDOOR AIR: Perfluorohexanoic acid was not detected in air samples from a home in Edmonton, Canada sampled Sept 2008(1).

In food packaging materials collected from Greek markets, perfluorohexanoic acid was not detected (detection limit 0.94 ng/g) in eight beverage cups, eight fast food paper boxes, two paper materials for baking and 14 foil bags/wrappers; it was detected at 25.56, <0.94-19.17 and <0.94-341.21 ng/g in one ice cream cup, six fast food wrappers and three microwave bags, respectively(1). Dust samples were collected from 102 homes and 10 daycare centers in North Carolina and Ohio from 2000 to 2001 from vacuum cleaner bags during the US Environmental Protection Agency's Children's Total Exposure to Persistent Pesticides and Other Persistent Organic Pollutants study, perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in 92.9% of the samples at a mean, median and maximum concentration of 117, 54.2 and 412 ng/g, respectively(2). Perfluorohexanoic acid was not detected in dust or carpet samples from a home in Edmonton, Canada sampled Sept 2008(3). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in 30 of 41 dust samples from Norwegian households at 4.3-96 ng/g(4).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) is a colorless liquid. It is a long-chain perfluoroalkanecarboxylic acid, a group of surfactants which are used as wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, and foaming agents. PFHxA is also used in protective coatings for fabrics and carpet, paper coatings, and insecticide formulations. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: PFHxA exposure may be associated with Gilbert Syndrome (a mild genetic liver disorder in which the body cannot properly process bilirubin). Studies indicate that perfluorinated compounds such as PFHxA are not acutely toxic at the cellular level. In human hepatoma Hep G2 cells, there was no indication that PFHxA induces cytotoxicity via an apoptotic mechanism. ANIMAL STUDIES: PFHxA appears to have a very low acute biological activity in animals. Researchers carried out a 90-day toxicological evaluation of PFHxA in rats following oral gavage. Adverse changes observed included hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation and hepatic and thyroid changes. A similar experiment resulted in lower body weight gains in males, lower red blood cell parameters, higher reticulocyte counts, lower globulin, lower total protein and higher albumin/globulin ratio, and lower cholesterol and calcium. PFHxA showed no major effects on messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of thyroid hormone (TH)-responsive genes in chicken embryonic neuronal cells. There is no evidence that PFHxA is tumorigenic in male or female rats. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The effects of acute toxicity, 3-day population growth, and morphological effects of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with carbon chain lengths of 2-6 on the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were investigated. The results indicated that the 24-hr median lethal concentration (LC50) value of PFHxA towards B. calyciflorus was 140 mg/L. The acute effects of PFCAs decreased with the increase of carbon chain length. Flow cytometric measurements were used to investigate the toxic effect of PFHxA on some membrane systems of the freshwater alga species Scenedesmus obliquus. PFHxA did not inhibit algal growth within the test concentration ranges.

... Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and PFOA were used as model perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) to characterize the major site of PFCA interaction in human sera. Using novel heteronuclear saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments, human serum albumin (HSA) was identified as the major site of interaction for both PFHxA and PFOA in human sera. Heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were then performed to interrogate site-specific interactions of PFHxA and PFOA with isolated HSA. Perfluorohexanoic acid was found to bind specifically to Sudlow's drug-binding site II, whereas PFOA interacted preferentially with Sudlow's drug-binding site I at the lower concentration, with additional interactions developing at the higher concentration. These experiments highlight the utility of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry as a tool to observe the in situ interactions of chemical contaminants with biological systems. Both PFCAs displaced the endogenous HSA ligand oleic acid at concentrations lower than observed for the drugs ibuprofen and phenylbutazone, which are established HSA ligands. Interactions between PFCAs and HSA may affect the pharmacokinetics and distribution of fatty acids and certain drugs in the human body and warrant further investigation.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of acute toxicity, 3-day population growth and morphological effects of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with carbon chain lengths of 2-6 on the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were investigated. The results indicated that the 24-hr median lethal concentration (LC50) values of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluopentanoic acid (PFPeA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) towards B. calyciflorus were 70, 80, 110, 130 and 140 mg/L, respectively. The acute effects of PFCAs decreased with the increase of carbon chain length. The parameters used to determine 3-day population growth on these compounds were the rate of population increase (r) and mictic ratio. With the increase of fluorinated carbon-chain length, the r values of TFA, PFPrA, PFBA, PFPeA and PFHxA decreased by 0.99%, 16.8%, 16.5%, 22.4% and 32.0%, respectively. Mictic ratios ranged from 0.707 to 0.953 for PFCAs with carbon chain lengths of 2-6. In addition, the mictic ratio, body size and egg size exposed to some PFCAs were higher than those of the controls. These results offer a useful method for the ecological risk assessment of these short chain PFCAs.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Flow cytometric measurements were used to investigate the toxic effect of perfluorobutanoic sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeA) on some membrane systems of the freshwater alga species Scenedesmus obliquus. Among the test compounds, PFOS, PFDoA, and PFTeA inhibited algal growth rate in a concentration-dependent manner while PFBS, PFHxA, and PFOA did not inhibit algal growth within the test concentration ranges. An enhancement of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell membrane permeability in S. obliquus was observed caused by exposure to PFOS, PFOA, PFDoA, and PFTeA. Both carbon chain length and acid group influenced the toxicity of PFAAs, where the toxicity increased with increasing carbon chain length for the compounds belonging to the same class. The observed effective concentrations lie in the micromole range and the test compounds disrupted membrane properties at concentrations below those associated with algal growth inhibition. Flow cytometry is proved to be a useful technique for toxicity testing with microalgae and provide additional information regarding the mode of action of PFAAs to algal species.

Perfluorochemicals like perfluorohexanoic acid have been widely used since the 1950s in many industrial and consumer products, including protective coatings for fabrics and carpet, paper coatings, insecticide formulations, and surfactants(1). Perfluorohexanoic acid's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Perfluorohexanoic acid has been identified as a biodegradation product of an important class of surfactants known as polyethoxylated 2-perfluoroalkylethanols(2). Perfluorohexanoic acid exposure originated entirely from dipolyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester content in market basket food samples obtained in Sweden from 1999, 2005 and 2010 studies(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), log Koc values of 1.63-2.35(2), indicate that perfluorohexanoic acid is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of perfluorohexanoic acid is -0.16(3), indicating that this compound will exist entirely in anion form in the environment and, therefore, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Perfluorohexanoic acid is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.0 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2016).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), log Koc values of 1.63-2.35(2), indicate that perfluorohexanoic acid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of -0.16(3) indicates perfluorohexanoic acid will exist entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Perfluorohexanoic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(5), a reported BCF of 0.59 in rainbow trout(6), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2016).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), perfluorohexanoic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.0 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase perfluorohexanoic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 31 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Perfluorohexanoic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of perfluorohexanoic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 31 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Perfluorohexanoic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Perfluorohexanoic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Perfluorohexanoic acid was not found to bioaccumulate in laboratory experiments using rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) with a reported BCF of 0.59(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The log Koc of perfluorohexanoic acid was reported as 1.63-2.35 measured in three soils(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc range suggests that perfluorohexanoic acid is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). For perfluorohexanoic acid, the log Koc and log Kd were reported as 2.7-4.7 and 1.4-3.1, respectively, in 26 sediment samples collected along the Haihe River, China; samples were collected April to May 2010(3).

A pKa of -0.16(1) indicates perfluorohexanoic acid will exist entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Perfluorohexanoic acid is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.0 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2).

GROUNDWATER: Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in six of 19 well water samples at 9.7-3970 ng/L, samples were taken around Decatur, AL, from area farms that have a history of being treated with fluorochemical industry impacted bio-solids(1). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in four of 18 influent samples at 5-12 ng/L that were collected Aug 2009 to Feb 2010 from New Jersey public water systems using groundwater as a source(2). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected at 1.1-4.7 ng/L in five groundwater samples collected Feb to March 2010 from Scarborough Bluffs, Canada on the shore of Lake Ontario(3).|DRINKING WATER: Perfluorohexanoic acid average concentration in raw and finished water samples collected in 2008 from seven drinking water facilities located across the US were reported as follows(1):[Table#8321]|DRINKING WATER: The concentration of perfluoroheptanoic acid was monitored through a water treatment facility in Amsterdam, The Netherlands; intake concentration from Lek canal was 1.0-2.0 ng/L, finished water concentration was 1.4-3.8 ng/L, concentrations at monitored steps ranged from 0.9 to 4.1 ng/L(1). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in four tap water samples from Amsterdam, The Netherlands at 2.2-2.4 ng/L(2). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in 26 of 56 tap water samples at <10-19 ng/L; samples were collected July 1 to Sept 4, 2008 from residence of Lake Mohne, Germany(3). Municipal drinking water samples were collected Feb 2008 at 40 different locations from five different zones of Catalonia, Spain, perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in 17 of the 40 samples at <0.17-8.55 ng/L(4). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in 49% of drinking water samples collected Aug-Nov 2010 from 34 locations across Australia at <0.15-5.53 ng/L(5).|SURFACE WATER: Surface water samples taken from US streams in the Great Lakes basin tested positive for perfluorohexanoic acid in 9 samples taken 1994 to 2000 at concentrations of 0.0011-0.0037 ug/L(1). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in 23 of 32 surface water samples at 12.0-6710 ng/L, samples were taken around Decatur, AL, from area ponds and streams near farms that have a history of being treated with fluorochemical industry impacted bio-solids(2). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in 44.4% of samples from 80 locations throughout the Cape Fear water shed, NC at <0.05-23.0 ng/L; samples were collected the spring of 2006 and included samples from the Haw, Little, Deep and Cape Fear rivers(3). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected at approximately 0.27 ng/L in one of 12 surface water samples from 10 locations in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Lake Michigan(4). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in three of 12 samples at 5-17 ng/L collected Aug 2009 to Feb 2010 from New Jersey public water systems using surface water as a source(5). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected at 4.0-14 ng/L in 29 surface water samples collected Feb to March 2010 from four locations along Highland Creek, which flows through the eastern part of Toronto, Canada and empties into Lake Ontario(6).|For more Environmental Water Concentrations (Complete) data for Perfluorohexanoic acid (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in four tap water samples from Amsterdam, The Netherlands at 2.2-2.4 ng/L; cola mixed with this tap water had perfluorohexanoic acid concentrations of 0.16-2.0 ng/L(1). In Nov 2009, food products of 15 food categories were randomly purchased in several Dutch retail stores, perfluorohexanoic acid was detected as follows (pg/g product); fatty fish (<5), lean fish (<3), crustaceans (<4), butter (20), cheese (<9), milk (<6), eggs (<54), pork (<11), beef (<5), chicken/poultry (<7), bakery products (<9), vegetables/fruit (<4), flour (11), vegetable oil (<3), and industrial oil (<5)(2). Seven types of seafood were purchased from local markets in Zhoushan and Guangzhou, China in 2004, perfluorohexanoic acid was only detected in swimming crab from Guangzhou at 0.29 ng/g wet weight(3).

Perfluorohexanoic acid was not detected (detection limit 0.15 ng/g) in 12 raw and 49 retail milk samples collected at locations across the US(1). In Nov 2009, milk samples randomly purchased in several Dutch retail stores did not contain perfluorohexanoic acid (detection limit 6 pg/g)(2). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in one of two human milk samples at 0.82 ng/mL, collection data were not provided(3).

Occupational exposure to perfluorohexanoic acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where perfluorohexanoic acid is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to perfluorohexanoic acid via inhalation of dust, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing perfluorohexanoic acid. (SRC)

Perfluorohexanoic acid was not detected (detection limit 0.6 ng/mL) in the serum of 31 Boston, MA office workers in samples collected winter of 2009(1). The concentration of perfluorohexanoic acid in the serum of two of 20 Atlanta, GA residents was 0.7 and 6.7 ng/mL, samples were collected July 2003(2). Perfluorohexanoic acid was not detected in the serum, urine or stool of residence (males ages 52, 23, 21, 17, 15; females ages 48, 18) living in a home with a history of carpet Scotchgard application; samples were collected Nov 2008(3). Perfluorohexanoic acid was not detected (detection limit 0.3 ng/mL) in 40 pooled serum samples collected from 3802 Australian residents collected Nov 2002 to April 2003(4). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in blood serum samples collected July 1 through Sept 4, 2008 at 0.4-17 ug/L; samples were collected from 105 anglers (99 men, 6 women) that consumed fish from Lake Mohne, Germany(5). Perfluorohexanoic acid was not detected (detection limit 0.050 ng/mL) in 24 pooled serum samples from men, age 40 to 50 years, representing 1977 to 2006(6). Perfluorohexanoic acid was not detected (detection limit 1.0 ug/L) in blood plasma of men, women and children from German population in samples collected Sept to Nov 2006(7). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected at <0.003-1.32 ng/mL in 420 human blood samples collected from volunteer residents from Halle and Munster, Germany; samples were collected 1982 to 2009(8). Perfluorohexanoic acid was detected in five of 66 human blood samples collected from 11 counties in Sweden during the period of 1997 to 2000, concentrations were <0.1-1.6 ng/mL(9). Human blood samples from volunteer donors from five Chinese cities (Shenyang, Beijing, Gulyang, Jintan, Nanjing) collected in 2004 had perfluorohexanoic acid concentrations of <0.01-0.18 ng/mL(10).|The concentration of perfluorohexanoic acid in 141 adult (age 20-55) human blood samples collected in 2008 from four cities located around Bohai Sea, China were as follows(1):[Table#8317]|The concentration of perfluorohexanoic acid in adult (age 19-62) human blood samples (15 samples from each category) taken from citizens of Gdansk, Poland and nearby villages was as follows. Blood donations were collected July 2003(1).[Table#8318]

The amount of PFHxA eliminated in the feces in both mice and rats was negligible. After a single oral dose, 7-15.5 % of PFHx was eliminated in feces by mice and rats, and 10-13 % of APFHx was eliminated after repeated exposure.|73-90 % of the dose of PFHxA (as ammonium salt) was excreted by male and female mice via the urine within 48 hours of a single dose. After repeat dosing, irrespective of sex, 78-83 % was eliminated in the urine.|Urine is the main route of elimination of PFHxA. /Researchers/ reported that in mice, 100% of the oral dose of PFHxA was eliminated in 24 hours and 48 hours by males and females, respectively. In rats, 100 % of the oral dose administered dose was excreted in the urine after 24 hours in both males and females.|Absorption of PFHxA is rapid in rats and mice, Tmax was reported as 0.3-0.8 hours. The plasma elimination half-lives were short, but longer in male rats (1.5-1.7 hours) than females (0.5-0.7 hours). The half-life in mice was not measurable due to biphasic elimination. NH4 + PFHx was also rapidly and extensively absorbed in mice and rats.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Perfluorohexanoic acid (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In rats, the half-life of PFHxA was 1 hour for males and females after i.v. administration and 2.5 hours after repeated oral dosing. The elimination half-lives in male and female monkeys were 5 and 2 hours, respectively.|The plasma elimination half-lives /of PFHxA/ were short, but longer in male rats (1.5-1.7 hours) than females (0.5-0.7 hours). The half-life in mice was not measurable due to biphasic elimination.|Elimination half-life of perfluorohexanoic acid(PFHxA) was 4.1 days.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ ... In this study, we examined the associations of Gilbert syndrome (GS) phenotype /a mild genetic liver disorder in which the body cannot properly process bilirubin/ and serum PFCs in the C8 Health Study Population. Using 2005-2006 data from a large PFC-exposure population survey, we compared serum PFCs concentrations between GS and non GS clinical phenotypes, in a cross sectional design, adjusting for standard risk factors, including age, BMI, smoking status, socioeconomic status and gender. Among 10 PFC compounds considered, only perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) was seen at a significantly higher concentration in GS men and women. PFHxA exposure may be associated with GS. Our findings do not support increased exposure in GS for other PFCs.|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ One study was found that examined the association between PFHxA exposure and childhood asthma. The study reported no difference in serum levels (median = 0.2 ng/mL) in children aged 10-15 years with (n = 231) or without (n = 225) asthma, and no dose-response trend. This study also investigated the association with other PFASs, namely PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, PFDA, PFDoDA, PFHxS, PFNA and PFTeDA, and any potential association may be biased due to correlation with them.|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ In human hepatoma Hep G2 cells, there was also a correlation between PFASs chain length and cytotoxicity; longer chain lengths causing greater cytotoxicity and less cell proliferation. The IC50 value for PFHxA was 344 uM, which was lower than PFBA (> 1000 uM) but higher than PFHpA (128 uM), PFOA (47 uM), PFNA (23 uM), PFDA (15 uM) and PFDoDA (7 uM). The C20 % for PFHxA (74.3 uM) was less than PFBA (> 100 uM) but higher than PFHpA (23.6 uM), PFOA (3 uM), PFNA (2.3 uM), PFDA (3.1 uM) and PFDoDA (0.3 uM). There was no indication that PFHxA induces cytotoxicity via an apoptotic mechanism. PPARalpha and PPARgamma activation, but not PPARdelta, was induced by PFHxA, and there was an influence of chain length, as PFASs with longer carbon chains have a lower potency of PPAR activation.|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ... This study evaluated the ability of numerous PFAAs to induce mouse and human PPARalpha activity in a transiently transfected COS-1 cell assay. COS-1 cells were transfected with either a mouse or human PPARalpha receptor-luciferase reporter plasmid. After 24 hr, cells were exposed to either negative controls (water or dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.1%); positive control (WY-14643, PPARalpha agonist); perfluorooctanoic acid or perfluorononanoic acid at 0.5-100 uM; perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorohexane sulfonate, or perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) at 5-100 uM; or perfluorobutane sulfonate or perfluorooctane sulfonate at 1-250 uM. After 24 hr of exposure, luciferase activity from the plasmid was measured. Each PFAA activated both mouse and human PPARalpha in a concentration-dependent fashion, except PFDA with human PPARalpha. Activation of PPARalpha by PFAA carboxylates was positively correlated with carbon chain length, up to C9. PPARalpha activity was higher in response to carboxylates compared to sulfonates. Activation of mouse PPARalpha was generally higher compared to that of human PPARalpha. We conclude that, in general, (1) PFAAs of increasing carbon backbone chain lengths induce increasing activity of the mouse and human PPARalpha with a few exceptions, (2) PFAA carboxylates are stronger activators of mouse and human PPARalpha than PFAA sulfonates, and (3) in most cases, the mouse PPARalpha appears to be more sensitive to PFAAs than the human PPARalpha in this model.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Perfluorohexanoic acid (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

perfluorohexanoic acid

Hexanoic acid, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-undecafluoro-: ACTIVE|Perfluorohexanoic acid has been identified as a biodegradation product of an important class of surfactants known as polyethoxylated 2-perfluoroalkylethanols.

Method: EPA-ORD/EPA-OST 537; Procedure: liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry; Analyte: perfluorohexanoic acid; Matrix: drinking water; Detection Limit: 2 nanogram/L.

PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) -> OECD Category|PFAS