Hexylene glycol

118.174

118.17

203-489-0

0660

8098

1993

DTXSID5021885

Liquid|Colorless liquid

2905399090

40.46000

0.00

Hexylene glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor. Floats and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999)

0.92 g/cm³

-50 °C

198 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

93.9±0.0 °C

1.447

Miscible

Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.

0.05 mmHg

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.1

Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.2-8.1

Mild sweetish

Henry's Law constant = 4.06X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Dipole moment: 2.8|Heat of formation = -5.3476X10+8 J/kmol|Triple point temperature = 223.15 °C; triple point pressure: 9.5609X10-6 Pa|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.77X10-11 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Hygroscopic. Water soluble [Hawley]

Alcohols and Polyols

HEXYLENE GLYCOL is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers, strong acids [Note: Hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air).] (NIOSH, 2016).

583 °F (USCG, 1999)|Autoignition temp = 579 K|306 °C

Standard net heat of combustion = -3.4356x10+9 J/kmol

Flammability limits = 1.3-9 vol%|Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.

13.7 kcal/mol at the boiling point

Critical temp = 621 K; Critical pressure = 4.01X10+6 Pa

NONH for all modes of transport

1

R36/38

S26-S36

SA0810000

Xi:Irritant

Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong reducing agents.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P337 + P313

H315-H319

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|DISPOSAL : Recover or recycle if possible. Otherwise : incineration|Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Can react with oxidizing materials.|Strong oxidizers, strong acids [Note: Hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air)].|Incompatible materials: Strong acids, Strong oxidizing agents, Strong reducing agents.

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA); REACH Registration for 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol (CAS 107-41-5); This is unique source of information on the chemicals manufactured and imported in Europe. It covers their hazardous properties, classification and information on how to use them safely. It is generated by industry in line with their responsibilities under the EU chemicals legislation. This information is a valuable resource for advancing the safe use of chemicals and for the replacement of the most hazardous ones by safer alternatives.[European Chemicals Agency (ECHA); REACH Registration for 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol (CAS 107-41-5); Available from, as of May 29, 2014: http://echa.europa.eu/]|Morel C et al; Hexylene glycol; Cahiers de notes documentaries - S'ecurit'e et hygi'ene du travail 2nd quarter 1982, No. 107, 313-316. Synonyms, uses, physical and chemical properties, methods of detection and determination in air, fire hazards, pathology and toxicology.

Combustible. Above 96 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Warning|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, and P362|H315 (97.25%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 5231 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Hand protection : PVC, nitrile or neoprene gloves.|Body protection : Chemicals resistant shoes or boots. Jacket or trousers-nitrile rubber.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Combustible.|Combustile when exposed to heat or flame.

Explosive limits of vapors in air : more than 1.27 % vol.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.2-8.1

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.|Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.|Use water spray, alcohol - resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.|Do not let product enter drains.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.|Most human beings exposed 15 min to 50 ppm in the air were able to detect the odor and a few noted eye irritation. At a concn of 100 ppm, the odor was plain and some noted nasal irritation and respiratory discomfort; at 1000 ppm (4840 mg/cu m), there was irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and respiratory discomfort.

Recommended Exposure Limit: Ceiling value: 25 ppm (125 mg/cu m).

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

NO open flames. Above 96 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol has been detected in wastewater effluents from metal manufacturing industries, paint and ink industries, and textile mills(1). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol was qualitatively detected in water samples collected from an advanced waste treatment facility in Washington, DC on Sep 20, 1974(2). A 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol concentration of 0.021 ug/L was detected in a secondary effluent sample collected from a sewage treatment plant in Fort Polk, LA during Nov 1980(3). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol was qualitatively detected in landfill well water samples collected at landfill site in Norman, OK(4).

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol was qualitatively detected as a minor volatile emission component from new carpets(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hexylene glycol is a colorless liquid used as a chemical intermediate, a selective solvent in petroleum refining, a component of hydraulic fluids, a solvent for inks, a cement additive, and in cosmetics. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Five human subjects given oral doses of 37 g of hexylene glycol daily for 24 days (estimated daily dosage 14-28 mg/kg body weight) reported no subjective symptoms that could be attributed to the intake of hexylene glycol; no alterations in urine parameters were detected. In another study, most subjects exposed for 15 min to 50 ppm of hexylene glycol in the air were able to detect the odor and a few noted eye irritation. At a concentration of 100 ppm, the odor was plain and some noted nasal irritation and respiratory discomfort. At 1000 ppm (4840 mg/cu m), there was irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and respiratory discomfort. Additionally, a case of severe contact urticaria with systemic involvement resembling an anaphylactic reaction, following the application of a topical corticosteroid formulated with hexylene glycol as an excipient has been reported. Swelling and redness were seen in 23 out of 823 eczema patients who were treated with a 30% or 50% aqueous solution in a 48-hr covered patch test. ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES: The clinical signs observed in animals acutely intoxicated with hexylene glycol are predominately of central nervous system (CNS) depression and include decreased activity, muscle incoordination and flaccidity, palpebral closure, piloerection, narcosis and anesthesia. Mice were fed hexylene glycol orally 20 mg/day in 2 mL of whole milk for up to 81 days and only minor effects were found in the kidneys of a few animals. None of the rats that were fed hexylene glycol in milk for 4 months at the average rate of 98 and 150 mg/day showed adverse effects in growth nor were there histopathologic changes in the liver and testes, but there were minor changes in the kidneys. It was also shown that approximately 40% of the hexylene glycol was accounted for in the urine, but only 4% of the amount excreted was free glycol; the other 36% was conjugated with glycuronic acid. In another study, hexylene glycol was administered by oral gavage for 90 days to Sprague Dawley rats at dose levels of 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day. This study included a functional observational battery (FOB), which gave no evidence of neurotoxic effects. Hepatocellular hypertrophy coupled with increased liver weight was observed at 450 mg/kg/day in both sexes and in males only at 150 mg/kg/day. In the absence of degenerative or necrotic change this was considered an adaptive response to increased metabolic demand. At 150 and 450 mg/kg/day kidney histopathology (higher incidence and severity of acidophilic globules in the tubular epithelium) and increased kidney weights observed in male rats only are suggestive of male rat specific alpha-2-microglobulin nephropathy, which was subsequently confirmed. There were no adverse effects on other organs including the reproductive organs. The fertility of male rats given an average oral dose of 148 to 190 mg/day of hexylene glycol for 130 days was unchanged when compared to that of the control group. Developmental study in rats found increased pup mortality and reduced body weight gain at 1000 mg/kg/day. Hexylene glycol produced negative Ames test results for Salmonella Typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98, TA 100 with and without activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Aquatic toxicity was evaluated in the sea urchin embryo (Arbacia punctulata) by the inhibition of tritiated thymidine incorporation after a brief exposure to toxic chemicals. In preliminary trials, using compounds including hexylene glycol, results accurately predicted reduced survival and morphological delay after 48 hr exposures.

LD50 Guinea pig oral 2600 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal > 5 g/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal 12300 mg/kg|LD50 Rat dermal > 2000 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In the mitotic sea urchin egg, the spindle microtubules were composed of different tubulin isotypes from those of astral microtubules using monoclonal antibodies. Three of the antibodies, D2D6, DM1B, and YL1/2, were specific for spindle microtubules, astral microtubules and reactive with both microtubules, respectively. The mitotic sea urchin egg was treated with microtubule depolymerizing (colcemid and nocodazole) and stabilizing (hexylene glycol) drugs and change in the heterogeneous distribution of the tubulin isotypes was investigated by the immunofluorescence procedure using these three monoclonal anti-tubulin antibodies. /It was/ observed that: the microtubule depolymerizing drugs caused quick depolymerization of most mitotic microtubules, and a small number of spindle microtubules remaining were stained with all three antibodies; hexylene glycol induced many microtubules in the mitotic apparatus, which was stained with D2D6 but was not stained with DM1B; hexylene glycol also induced a great number of miniasters in the cytoplasm, and they were stained with three antibodies. These results suggest that these drugs altered the distribution of tubulin isotypes in the mitotic microtubules during depolymerization or polymerization within a short time.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Aquatic toxicity was evaluated in the sea urchin embryo (Arbacia punctulata) by the 1nhibition of tritiated thymidine incorporation after a brief exposure to toxic chemicals. In preliminary trials, using 8 compounds including 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, results accurately predicted reduced survival and morphological delay after 48 hr exposures (r2 = 0.97). Excellent correlations also existed between these calculated median effective concentrations (EC50) and literature-derived acute LC50 values for 2 other aquatic species (Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas).

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol has been detected as a volatile aroma and flavor component of Bisbee Delicious apples(1).

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol's production and use in hydraulic brake fluids, printing inks, as a coupling agent and penetrant for textiles, fuel and lubricant additive, emulsifying agent, inhibitor of ice formation in carburators, and in cosmetics(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.0X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 55.7% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.58(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 55.7% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, which has a vapor pressure of 7.0X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.77X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.77X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Hydroxyl radical-initiated oxidation results in the formation of diacetone alcohol, acetone and PAN /peroxyacetyl nitrate/ as the main products(2). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.58(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is estimated as 4.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.0X10-2 mm Hg(3).

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol has been detected as a volatile aroma and flavor component of Bisbee Delicious apples(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 754,186 workers (231,390 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol via ingestion of some apples. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol via inhalation and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol(SRC).|INDUST USE OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL @ NORMAL TEMP DOES NOT NORMALLY CREATE ANY VAPOR HAZARD DUE TO ITS LOW VAPOR PRESSURE & HYGROSCOPIC NATURE. ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINATION WHICH MAY OCCUR IN HANDLING...@ HIGH TEMP MAY PRODUCE PRONOUNCED IRRITATION OF EYES.

Between toxicity ratings 2 or 3. 2= Slightly toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 5-15 g/kg, between 1 pint & 1 qt for 70 kg person (150 lb). 3= Moderately toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg; between 1 oz & 1 pint (or 1 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb).

... Mice /were fed hexylene glycol/ orally 20 mg/day in 2 mL of whole milk for up to 81 days ... . approximately 40% of the hexylene glycol was accounted for in the urine, but only 4% of the amount excreted was free glycol; the other 36% was conjugated with glycuronic acid.|... Not readily absorbed through the skin ... .|Eliminated in urine, partly (20-25%) in conjugated forms.|... Oral administration of hexylene glycol to rats & rabbits resulted in a substantial increase in the amt of hexuronates in the plasma & in the urine.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

...Five human subjects ... /had/ both free & conjugated hexylene glycol in the urine after single or repeated oral doses. ...|(14)C-hexylene glycol fed to rabbits... urine contained 7 metabolites incl glucuronide of hexylene glycol (46% of dose), unchanged hexylene glycol (2.5%), diacetone alcohol (1.4%) & an unidentified glucuronide which could be conjugate of diacetone alcohol. ...Converted into diacetone alc by incubation with rat liver slices.|... Oral administration of hexylene glycol to rats & rabbits resulted in a substantial increase in the amt of hexuronates in the plasma & in the urine.|It was also shown that approximately 40% of the hexylene glycol was accounted for in the urine, but only 4% of the amount excreted was free glycol; the other 36% was conjugated with glycuronic acid.

...after a single oral (gavage) administration of Hexylene glycol at the dose-level of 590 mg/kg to male Sprague-Dawley rats ...t1/2 21.2 hr

Some effects of gravity on early morphogenesis are correlated with microtubule locations within cells. During first cleavage in Ilyanassa obsoleta embryos, a transitory polar lobe constriction forms and then relaxes, allowing the polar lobe to merge with one daughter cell. If the polar lobe is equally divided or removed, morphogenesis is severely disrupted. To examine microtuble locations during early Ilyanassa development, eggs were fixed and stained for polymerized alpha-tubulin during first cleavage. The mitotic apparatus assembles at the animal pole. The cleavage furrow forms between the asters, constricting to a stabilized intercellular bridge encircling midbody-bound microtubules, whereas the polar lobe constriction forms below and parallel to the spindle, constricting to a transitory intercellular bridge encircling no detectable microtubules. At metaphase an alpha-tubulin epitope is distributed throughout the spindle, whereas a beta-tubulin epitope is present predominantly in the asters. Incubation in hexylene glycol, a drug that increases microtubule polymerization, during mitosis causes the polar lobe constriction to tighten around polymerized alpha-tubulin and remain stably constricted. If hexylene glycol is removed, alpha-tubulin staining disappears from the polar lobe constriction, which relaxes, whereas microtubules remain in the cleavage furrow, which remains constricted. These observations suggest that asymmetric distribution of microtubules affects early Ilyanassa cleavage patterns, and that continued presence of microtubules extending through an intercellular bridge is important for stabilization of the bridge constriction prior to completion of cytokinesis. These data provide the basis for further analysis of the role of microtubules in possible microgravity disruptions of Ilyanassa development.

Irritation of eyes, nose and throat; headache, dizziness, and nausea. (USCG, 1999)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and wash the skin with water. If symptoms occur after washing, get medical attention immediately. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Five human subjects given oral doses of 37 g of hexylene glycol daily for 24 days (estimated daily dosage 14-28 mg/kg body weight) reported no subjective symptoms that could be attributed to the intake of hexylene glycol. Additionally, no alterations in urine parameters were detected in this study.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Volunteer studies (33 tested) indicate that hexylene glycol applied at a concentration of 20% in petrolatum does not cause skin sensitization when applied to human skin using a maximization procedure.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The irritant and sensitizing properties of HG have been studied in eczema patients. Swelling and redness were seen in 23 out of 823 (2.8%) eczema patients who were treated with a 30% or 50% aqueous solution in a 48-hr covered patch test. In 48-hr covered patch tests, two of 23 eczema patients reacted to a 1% aqueous solution. As this concentration was substantially lower than that at which healthy subjects or eczema patients generally experience irritation, it was suspected that these two patients might be showing allergic reactions. However, neither reacted to twice daily uncovered exposures to hexylene glycol (5% in one patient, 30% in the other) for 7 days. Another patient who had responded strongly to a 48-hr covered patch test with 50% aqueous hexylene glycol also reacted to repeated applications of a 30% aqueous solution. The investigators were unable to draw firm conclusions as to the nature of the reactions in these three patients. In patch tests with dilution series, 2 patients reacted to 1% HG, but in both cases ROAT with HG rernained negative. One other patient with a 3+ patch test reaction to 50% HG had a positive ROAT result to 30% HG in water. HG did not increase transepidermal water loss both in atopic normal-looking skin and among healthy controls. The present results suggest that HG is less irritating than PG under occlusion, but that delayed contact allergic reactions may occur. Swelling and redness were seen in 23 out of 823 eczema patients who were treated with a 30% or 50% aqueous solution in a 48-hr covered patch test.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Exposure of 12 male and 12 female test persons to hexylene glycol vapour in a concentration of 50 ppm (approximates the saturation concentration at 25 °C) for 15 minutes caused eye irritation in most of the persons but no irritation of the nose or throat. The maximum tolerable concentration was considered to be 50 ppm.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; headache, dizziness, nausea, incoordination, central nervous system depression; dermatitis, skin sensitization

Sore throat. Cough.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Sales quantity in 1992 = 9,379,000 kg

Liquid grade

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-: ACTIVE

Method: OSHA PV2101; Procedure: gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector; Analyte: hexylene glycol; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 9.24 nanogram per injection.|Isolation and determination of hexylene glycol in vetiver and cananga essential oils. Water extraction. Glycol acetylated. Saponified product is chromatographed on liq-vapor column. IR spectrum is determined.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Solvents|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree|Cosmetics -> Emulsifying; Skin conditioning; Solvent; Surfactant