4-Nitrobenzoic acid

167.12

167.12

973593

200-526-2

G83NWR61OW

1684

7707

DTXSID3020966

Monoclinic leaf from water crystallization|Monoclinic leaflets, plates from benzene crystallization|Colorless crystals|Yellow-white crystals

29163900

83.1

1.9

Light yellow Crystalline Powder

1.610 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

242 °C

220-221 °C

237 °C

1.615

H2O: <0.1 g/100 mL at 26 ºC

Store below +30°C.

Vapour pressure, Pa at 50°C: 1

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1960 mg/kg

vol% in air: 1.8

pH = 2.80

Henry's Law constant = 3.79X10-10 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 3.44

Heat of fusion = 37.02 kJ/mol; heat of fusion = 37.02 kJ/mol|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.86X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Acids, Carboxylic

P-NITROBENZOIC ACID is incompatible with strong oxidizers. It is also incompatible with strong bases (potassium hydroxide). It may react with cyanides. (NTP, 1992)

300 °C

3881 kJ/mol

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air. If dry, it can be charged electrostatically by swirling, pneumatic transport, pouring, etc.

NONH for all modes of transport

1

22-41-36

26-39-24/25

DH5075000

Xn

Separated from strong oxidants, bases and strong reducing agents.

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, cyanides, strong bases.

P305 + P351 + P338

H302-H319

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Mixtures of the acid with potassium hydroxide (1:2 mol) readly deflagrated, ... .

European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, 4-Nitrobenzoic Acid (CAS # 62-23-7) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from the Database Query page at: http://ecb.jrc.it/esis/esis.php as of December 27, 2007.|DHHS/NTP; Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of p-Nitrobenzoic Acid in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) Technical Report Series # 442 (1994) NIH Pub #94-3358

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of explosion on contact with potassium hydroxide.

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P330, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 419 companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P330, P337+P313, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)|Use foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under ambient temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.8-?

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

Separated from strong oxidants, bases and strong reducing agents.

A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin.

Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. 4-Nitrobenzoic acid is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

4-Nitrobenzoic acid was qualitatively found at an advance waste treatment facility in Seattle, Washington on November 5, 1976(1). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid was not detected in the wastewater of an ammunition plant in Stadtallendorf, Germany(2).

SEDIMENT: 4-Nitrobenzoic acid was detected at 2 of 27 surface sediment sampling sites in the Havel and Spree Rivers, Germany(1).

LD50 Mouse Oral 1470 mg/kg|LD50 Rat Oral 1960 mg/kg|LD50 Rat ip 1210 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 880 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse iv 770 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The importance of nitroaromatic compounds as aquatic contaminants and the association of superoxide (O2-) mediated toxicity with the mammalian metabolism of a number of these compounds has led our laboratory to conduct an in vitro investigation of nitroaromatic-stimulated O2- production by freshwater fish. Utilizing cytochrome c reduction and cyanide-insensitive oxygen consumption assays for O2-, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) hepatic microsomes were exposed to nitrofurantoin (NF), p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA) and m-dinitrobenzene (MDNB). NF and PNBA were chosen for study as model nitroaromatic compounds, known to stimulate microsomal O2- generation in mammals; MDNB was chosen because it frequently contaminates aquatic systems. The results demonstrated that each of the three nitroaromatics is capable of significantly enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitable cytochrome c reduction and oxygen consumption, providing specific evidence of stimulated microsomal production of O2- by the fish species examined. The results also indicated chemical- and species-specific differences in stimulated O2- production. In both assay systems, enhancement by NF exceeded that produced by MDNB and, more pronouncedly, PNBA. Furthermore, although similar responses to all nitroaromatics were observed in microsomes isolated from catfish and bass, the assays employing trout microsomes demonstrated the greatest enhancement in NF and MDNB exposures. These findings suggest that the stimulation of O2- production may be an important mode of action for these common aquatic pollutants that merits further ecotoxicological assessment.

14-DAY STUDY IN RATS Groups of five male and five female rats were given 0, 2,500, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, or 40,000 ppm p-nitrobenzoic acid in feed for 14 days. All rats survived until the end of the study. Male and female rats given 20,000 and 40,000 ppm lost weight. The final mean body weights of 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000 ppm males were 82%, 60%, or 52% that of the controls, and the final mean body weights of 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000 ppm females were 87%, 68%, and 65% that of the controls. There were no clinical findings that were characteristic of organ-specific toxicity. Absolute and relative spleen weights were significantly increased in rats exposed to 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000 ppm. There were decreases in erythrocyte count and hemoglobin and hematocrit values and increases in reticulocyte count, nucleated erythrocytes, and methemoglobin concentration that were most pronounced in the 20,000 and 40,000 ppm groups. Congestion of the spleen occurred in 10,000 ppm males and in 20,000 and 40,000 ppm females. Hypertrophy of the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland was present in male and female rats exposed to 10,000, 20,000, or 40,000 ppm p-nitrobenzoic acid, while follicular hyperplasia was observed in the 40,000 ppm males and females. Atrophy of the testis was observed in 20,000 and 40,000 ppm males. Other lesions observed in 20,000 and 40,000 ppm rats included atrophy of the thymus in males and atrophy of the ovary, bone marrow, and thymus in females.|14-DAY STUDY IN MICE Groups of five male and five female mice were given 0, 2,500, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, or 40,000 ppm p-nitrobenzoic acid in feed for 14 days. Three males and two females given 40,000 ppm died during the study. All other animals survived until the end of the study. Male mice given 20,000 and 40,000 ppm and females given 20,000 ppm lost weight. Mean body weight gains of 20,000 and 40,000 ppm males and 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000 ppm females were significantly lower than those of the controls. There were no clinical findings related to organ-specific toxicity although lethargy and ataxia were observed in 40,000 ppm mice. Relative liver weights were significantly increased in 20,000 and 40,000 ppm males and females and in 10,000 ppm females. Absolute and relative thymus weights of 20,000 and 40,000 ppm males and of 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000 ppm females were reduced. No significant differences in hematology parameters occurred in exposed mice. Testicular degeneration was observed in three 20,000 ppm and two 40,000 ppm males. Bone marrow hemorrhage and atrophy occurred in 40,000 ppm females.|13-WEEK STUDY IN RATS Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were given 0, 630, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000, or 10,000 ppm pnitrobenzoic acid in feed for 13 weeks resulting in approximate daily doses of 40, 70, 160, 310, or 660 mg/kg to males and 40, 80, 170, 340, or 680 mg/kg to females. All rats survived until the end of the study. Mean body weight gains and final mean body weights were significantly less than those of the controls in 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 ppm males and in 5,000 and 10,000 ppm females. There were no clinical findings related to organ-specific toxicity. Differences in spleen weights and hematology parameters characteristic of regenerative anemia were observed in males and females, primarily in groups given 10,000 ppm. The absolute and relative spleen weights were significantly increased in 10,000 ppm males and females and the relative spleen weights were significantly increased in 5,000 ppm males and females. Methemoglobin, Heinz bodies, and reticulocyte counts were increased and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values were decreased in 10,000 ppm males and females. Congestion, pigmentation, and accumulation of macrophages in the spleen and pigmentation in the kidney occurred in 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 ppm males. Congestion and pigmentation of the spleen occurred in 10,000 ppm females. A yellowish brown pigment (hemosiderin) in the spleen and kidney was associated with hemolytic anemia. Mild cytoplasmic hyaline droplet accumulation was present in renal tubule epithelial cells in 10,000 ppm males while karyomegaly was present in male and female rats exposed to 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 ppm p-nitrobenzoic acid. A chemical-related testicular lesion, consisting of atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, occurred in 10,000 ppm males.|13-WEEK STUDY IN MICE Groups of 10 male and 10 female mice were given 0, 1,250, 5,000, 10,000, or 20,000 ppm pnitrobenzoic acid in feed for 13 weeks resulting in approximate daily doses of 170, 330, 670, 1,900, or 4,000 mg/kg body weight to males and 240, 460, 970, 2,500, or 4,900 mg/kg to females. All mice survived until the end of the study, except one 1,250 ppm female that was killed accidentally. Final mean body weights and mean body weight gains of all exposed males and of 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 ppm females were significantly lower than those of the controls. No clinical findings or differences in organ weights or histopathology related to organ-specific toxicity were observed in exposed mice.|For more National Toxicology Program Studies (Complete) data for 4-NITROBENZOIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

4-Nitrobenzoic acid's production and use in manufacturing intermediates and as a reagent for alkaloids and thorium(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 250(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.89(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-nitrobenzoic acid is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is 3.44(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of 4-nitrobenzoic acid from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.8X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(6). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(7). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid may biodegrade in soil(SRC) based on 62% degradation after 2 weeks in activated sludge inoculum during a Japanese MITI test(8), however, it took more than 64 days to decompose in a soil microflora inoculum with mineral salts medium(9).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 250(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.89(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-nitrobenzoic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.8X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). A pKa of 3.44(5) indicates 4-nitrobenzoic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid is expected to biodegrade in water(SRC) based on 62% degradation after 2 weeks in activated sludge inoculum during a Japanese MITI test(9) and where it reached 52% of its BOD in river water collected from the Songhua River, China after 5 days(10).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-nitrobenzoic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C (SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-nitrobenzoic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 4-nitrobenzoic acid may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, in isopropanol, was reduced at a wavelength of 316 nm to 4-aminobenzoic(4). Therefore, 4-nitrobenzoic is expected to undergo direct photolysis(SRC). The C6H4COOH radical was generated by photolysis of 4-nitrobenzoic acid using spin-trapping of photolysis products(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-nitrobenzoic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 27 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A study in aqueous media involving the reactivity of aromatic compounds toward hydroxyl radicals found that the reaction rate of the p-nitrobenzoate ion toward hydroxyl radicals is 1.17X10-9 per M per sec(2). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, in isopropanol, was reduced at a wavelength of 316 nm to 4-aminobenzoic acid(4). Therefore, 4-nitrobenzoic acid is expected to undergo direct photolysis(SRC). The C6H4COOH radical was generated by photolysis of 4-nitrobenzoic acid using spin-trapping of photolysis products(5).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated for 4-nitrobenzoic acid(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.89(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is estimated as 250(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.89(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-nitrobenzoic acid is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. The pKa of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is 3.44(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

The Henry's Law constant for 4-nitrobenzoic acid is estimated as 3.8X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4-nitrobenzoic acid is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 42,700 workers (12,407 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 4-nitrobenzoic acid in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 4-nitrobenzoic acid may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4-nitrobenzoic acid is produced or used(SRC).

POSSIBLE ABSORPTION FROM SKIN OF GUINEA PIG. /FROM TABLE/|EXCRETED PRINCIPALLY UNCHANGED, ABOUT 10-20% REDUCED TO P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID AND ACETYLATED. /FROM TABLE/

THE NITRO GROUP OF P-NITROBENZOIC ACID IS REDUCED BY LIVER MICROSOMAL ENZYMES TO P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID. /FROM TABLE/|Eleven strains of Pseudomonas were isolated by selective enrichment on 4-nitrotoluene. They an utilized 4-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol or 4-nitrobenzoate as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. One strain, TW3, was used for more detailed studies. 4-Nitrotoluene-grown cells of TW3 take up O2 when incubated in the presence of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzoate. PHLC analysis of culture supernatants showed that 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzoate were formed when 4-nitrotoluene-grown cells were incubated with 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, whereas only 4-nitrobenzoate was found when they were incubated with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. ... It is proposed that the pathway for 4-nitrotoluene catabolism proceeds via 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzoate and ultimately to protocatechuate with release of the nitro group as ammonium.|The metabolism of the nitrotoluenes was compared in hepatocytes isolated from male Fischer 344 rats. ... Metabolites were separated by reverse phase HPLC and identified by coelution with standards on HPLC, specific enzyme hydrolysis and GC-MS analysis. 4-Nitrotoluene was metabolized to s-(4-nitrobenzyl) glutathione (68%), 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol (12%), sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol (6%) and 4-nitrobenzoic acid (2%) (expressed as percentage of total metabolism).

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

4-nitrobenzoic acid

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

Cough.

Redness.

Redness.

Benzoic acid, 4-nitro-: ACTIVE|Has bactericidal action against Staphylococci and Streptococci.