Nifurthiazole

254.22

254.22

76C4HVE5L9

525334

DTXSID6020640

BRIGHT YELLOW PLATES

2934100090

141

3.00720

1.612g/cm3

215.5 °C (decomp)

454.8ºC at 760mmHg

228.9ºC

1.679

SOL IN N-BUTANOL, DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE, DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE, ETHANOL & POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL

Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ) that bears appropriate label. An inventory should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired Facilities for dispensing should be contiguous to storage area.

LD50 oral in mouse: 1400mg/kg

P201, P202, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P405, P501

H302

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for NIFURTHIAZOLE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P405, and P501

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for NIFURTHIAZOLE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Nifurthiazole is not known to occur in nature(1).

No evidence was found that nifurthiazole has ever been produced commercially in the US, Western Europe, or Japan(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 238(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nifurthiazole is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of nifurthiazole from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-18 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Nifurthiazole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 238(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nifurthiazole is expected to adsorb very little to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Nifurthiazole will be essentially non-volatile from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-18 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3.3(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.99(6,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data for nifurthiazole are not found(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), nifurthiazole, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase nifurthiazole is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 22 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase nifurthiazole may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Biodegradation data for nifurthiazole is not readily available(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of nifurthiazole with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 22 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Nifurthiazole is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3).

An estimated BCF of 3.3 was calculated for nifurthiazole(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.99(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for nifurthiazole can be estimated to be about 238(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that nifurthiazole is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Rf values for nifurthiazole were determined using Thin Layer Chromatography and mixtures of chloroform:methanol (9:1), acetonitrile:ammonium hydroxide:water (10:3:0.5), and chloroform:methanol:formic acid (6.5:3:0.5). The Rf values were determined to be 0.36, 0.76, and 0.81, respectively. According to a classification scheme(3), these values suggest that nifurthiazole will be moderately mobile in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for nifurthiazole is estimated as 7.6X10-18 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that nifurthiazole will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Nifurthiazole's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). Nifurthiazole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-9 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

No evidence was found that it has ever been produced commercially in the US, western Europe or Japan(1). Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation of dust particles and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces and laboratories where nifurthiazole is produced, synthesized or used. There is no data to support exposure of nifurthiazole to the general public(SRC).

IN MICE & RATS...(14)C-FNT (LABELED IN THIAZOLE RING) WAS STUDIED. ...URINE WAS MAJOR ROUTE OF ELIMINATION &...MORE THAN 95% OF (14)C WAS ELIMINATED IN 96 HR, HOWEVER, LESS THAN 10% OF (14)C IN URINE WAS FNT. ...(14)C-FNT WAS COVALENTLY BOUND TO RENAL & HEPATIC CYTOSOL MACROMOLECULES.

MOST OF DOSE WAS EXCRETED IN 24-HR URINE /OF MICE & RATS/, IN WHICH NOT MORE THAN 10%...WAS UNCHANGED. COMPOUND...WAS EXTENSIVELY METABOLIZED PRIOR TO INTERACTION WITH THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF KIDNEY & LIVER CELLS, & PRIOR TO EXCRETION.

THE METABOLIC ACTIVATION OF THESE COMPOUNDS HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED. IT APPEARS THAT THE ACTIVE MOIETY IS PROBABLY 5-NITRO-2-FURYL WHICH CAN BE ACTIVATED BY BIOLOGICAL REDUCTION OF THE NITRO TO HYDROXYLAMINO GROUP. NEVERTHELESS, IN SEVERAL EXAMPLES...THE SECOND HETEROCYCLIC RING CARRIED AN AMINO, HYDRAZINO, OR NITRO GROUP WHICH ARE EQUALLY AVAILABLE FOR ACTIVATION. THERE IS DIVERSITY OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES LEADING TO CARCINOGENICITY INCLUDING THE IMIDAZOLE & TRIAZOLE STRUCTURES. ...THE CARCINOGENICITY OF THIS CLASS OF COMPOUNDS /APPEARS TO BE RELATED/ TO AN AMINO OR NITRO GROUP ATTACHED TO A SUITABLE HETEROCYCLE THAN MERELY TO THE POSSESSION OF A 2-NITROFURYL GROUP. /5-NITRO-2-FURYL DERIVATIVES/

Carcinogens

2-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl)formic acid hydrazide

ESSENTIALLY 100% AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens