Isopropyl chloroformate

122.55

122.55

203-563-2

8LG1G18VXR

0287

2407

DTXSID7026786

COLORLESS LIQ

29159000

26.3

1.79

Isopropyl chloroformate appears as a clear colorless volatile liquid with a pungent irritating odor. About the same density as water and insoluble in water. Floats on water Very irritating to skin and eyes and very toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Used to make other chemicals.

1.08 g/cm³

-81ºC

104.6 °C @ Press: 761 Torr

43 °F

1.409

Solubility in water: slow reaction

2-8°C

Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 3

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.2

Oral-Rat  LD50:1070 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 178 mg/kg

Open flame is flammable; high heat emits toxic chloride gas

vol% in air: 45

Pungent

5.00 MG/CU M= 1 PPM|Flash point: 27.8 °C (Tag open cup), 23.3 °C (Tag closed cup)|Flash point = 14 °C; Autoignition temp = 535 °C|Chloroformates are reactive intermediates that combine acid chloride, and ester functions. They undergo many reactions of acid chlorides, however, the rates are usually slower. Reactions of chloroformates, like other acid chlorides, proceed faster with better yields when alkali hydroxides or tertiary amines are present to react with the HCl as it forms. /Chloroformates/

Highly flammable. Gives off HCl fumes in moist air. Insoluble in water. Decomposes slowly in water forming isopropyl alcohol, HCl, and CO2.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Highly Flammable

ISOPROPYL CHLOROFORMATE is water reactive. A sample stored in a refrigerator exploded [Wischmeyer 1973]. Attacks many metals especially in humid atmosphere [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980. p. 476]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

>500 °C

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.

I

6.1(a)

UN 3286 3/PG 2

2

11-34-48/20-63-65-67-43-26

26-36/37/39-45-62-28-16

LQ6475000

F,C,T+

Treasury is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and food additives

P210-P260-P280-P284-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

H225-H304-H314-H317-H330-H336-H361d-H373

REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH PHOSGENE|A sample exploded in refrigerated storage. It is known that if iron salts are present during the preparation from 2-propanol and phosgene, catalysed thermal decomposition may occur.

Extremely dangerous; this chemical has exploded while stored in refrigerator. Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Like other chlorides, when heated to decomposition or on contact with acids or acrid fumes, they evolve highly toxic chloride fumes. Reacts violently with phosgene. Unstable, avoid phosgene (EPA, 1998)|Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.|Corrosives, Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree

|Danger|H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P320, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 184 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2407 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium-expansion foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2016)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)|AIR-SUPPLIED RESPIRATORS & FACILITIES FOR FLUSHING EYES & SKIN WITH WATER SHOULD BE PROVIDED. /Chloroformates/

DANGEROUS ... HAS EXPLODED WHILE STORED IN REFRIGERATOR.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 4-15

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.|Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protectionequipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.|/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.|/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL CHLOROFORMATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

EYE IRRITATION, IRRITATION OF UPPER RESP TRACT, & SURFACE BURNS HAVE BEEN PRINCIPAL FINDINGS IN EXPOSED HUMANS. ... EYE IRRITATION MAY PERSIST SOME TIME AFTER EXPOSURE CEASES. SKIN SENSITIZATION MAY OCCUR. /CHLOROFORMATES/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Isopropyl chloroformate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 1,000 lbs.

highly toxic

LD50 Rat oral 1.07 g/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 11.3 g/kg

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate's use as a chemical intermediate in the production of herbicides and other chemicals(1) could release the compound to the environment through various waste streams generated at sites of production and use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(1); therefore, aqueous hydrolysis will be the dominate fate process in moist soils(SRC). The low-boiling chloroformic esters, such as isopropyl chlorocarbonate, are highly volatile(2); therefore, evaporation from dry surfaces to the atmosphere will occur(SRC). Results of a single biodegradation study (using the Japanese MITI protocol) have classified ethyl chloroformate (a compound similar in structure to isopropyl chlorocarbonate) as biodegradable(3) but this probably refers to the hydrolysis product(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(1); therefore, aqueous hydrolysis will be the dominant fate process in the aquatic environment(SRC). Aqueous volatilization, bioconcentration, biodegradation, and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important fate processes due to isopropyl chlorocarbonate's rapid hydrolysis(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 100 mm Hg at 47 °C(1), isopropyl chlorocarbonate is expected to exist primarily in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It will degrade in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 5 days(3,SRC). Since isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water, atmospheric degradation may occur through dissolution into clouds or through contact with rain or other atmospheric water(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isopropyl chlorocarbonate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 3.12X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the aqueous hydrolysis of isopropyl chlorocarbonate in distilled water has been experimentally determined to be 3.54X10-4/sec and 20.5X10-4/sec at 12.5 and 24.5 °C, respectively(2); these rate constants respectively correspond to half-lives of 32.6 and 5.6 min(2,SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis products of isopropyl chlorocarbonate are isopropyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and hydrochloric acid(2). The hydrolytic decomposition of isopropyl chlorocarbonate has been observed to be base-catalyzed, but not acid-catalyzed(3).

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(1); therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be an important process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes(1), the Koc for isopropyl chlorocarbonate can be estimated to be approximately 12(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that isopropyl chlorocarbonate has high mobility in soil(SRC). However, isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(3); therefore, leaching in soil is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for isopropyl chlorocarbonate can be estimated to be 4.15X10-3 atm-cu m/mole using a structure estimation method(1,SRC); this value of Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from water is potentially an important fate process(2). However, isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(3); therefore, volatilization from water is not expected to be important(SRC). The low-boiling chloroformic esters, such as isopropyl chlorocarbonate, are highly volatile(4); therefore, evaporation from dry surfaces will occur(SRC).

The low-boiling chloroformic esters, such as isopropyl chlorocarbonate, are highly volatile(1); therefore, occupational exposure may occur through inhalation(SRC).

Carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and alkyl chlorides; main impurities are corresponding carbonates

Acute: highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Delayed: can produce delayed pulmonary edema (2-24 hours after exposure) similar to that produced by phosgene. Inhalation of material may cause death or permanent injury. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Isopropyl chloroformate is an irritant and is corrosive to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Some effects of exposure may be delayed up to 24 hours. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Isopropyl Chloroformate Exposure: Acute exposure to isopropyl chloroformate may produce the following signs and symptoms: eye irritation, irritation of the upper respiratory tract, and surface burns. Eye irritation may persist after exposure ceases, and exposure may result in permanent corneal damage. Skin sensitization may occur after exposure. Inhalation of isopropyl chloroformate may result in irritation of the nose and throat, difficulty in breathing, pulmonary edema, destruction of lung tissue, collapse, and convulsions. Ingestion of isopropyl chloroformate may cause burns of the gastrointestinal tract. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to isopropyl chloroformate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to isopropyl chloroformate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Rush to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to isopropyl chloroformate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water or sodium bicarbonate solution for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Rush to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 3. Rinse mouth with large amounts of water. Inform victims not to swallow this water. 4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 6. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. 7. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

... CAN PRODUCE DELAYED PULMONARY EDEMA SIMILAR TO THAT PRODUCED BY PHOSGENE.|EYE IRRITATION, IRRITATION OF UPPER RESP TRACT, & SURFACE BURNS HAVE BEEN PRINCIPAL FINDINGS IN EXPOSED HUMANS. ... EYE IRRITATION MAY PERSIST SOME TIME AFTER EXPOSURE CEASES. SKIN SENSITIZATION MAY OCCUR. /CHLOROFORMATES/|TOXIC BY INHALATION.|SUMMARY TOXICITY STATEMENT: HIGH IRRITANT VIA INHALATION. HIGH= CAPABLE OF CAUSING DEATH OR PERMANENT INJURY DUE TO EXPOSURES OF NORMAL USE; INCAPACITATING & POISONOUS; REQUIRES SPECIAL HANDLING.|SUMMARY TOXICITY STATEMENT: MODERATE VIA ORAL ROUTES. MODERATE= MAY CAUSE REVERSIBLE OR IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES TO EXPOSED TISSUE, NOT PERMANENT INJURY OR DEATH; CAN CAUSE CONSIDERABLE DISCOMFORT.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Typical specifications of commercial chloroformates: purity, 98%; phosgene, <0.1%, iron, <10 ppm; acidity as HCl, <0.1%; alcohol or phenol, <2%|Commercial products have concentrations of 97-99 wt% /Chloroformic esters/

Carbonochloridic acid, 1-methylethyl ester: ACTIVE|... PHOSGENE DERIVATIVE.|Most chloroformate production is used captively and production figures are not available.

Fire Hazards -> Corrosives, Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree