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Anthracene

Anthracene structure

CAS No:
120-12-7
Formula:
C14H10
Chemical Name:
Anthracene
Synonyms:
Anthracene;Anthracin;Green Oil;Paranaphthalene;Tetra Olive N2G;NSC 7958;A 0495;2417305-12-3
Categories:
Organic Chemistry > Hydrocarbons and Derivatives

Description

Anthracene is colorless, to pale yellow crystalline solid with a bluish fluorescence. PAHs are compounds containing multiple benzene rings and are also called polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.(C14H10) A white crystalline solid used extensively in the manufacture of dyes. Anthracene is found in the heavy- and green-oil fractions of crude oil and is obtained by fractional crystallization.

Anthracene Basic Attributes

Molecular Weight：

178.23

Exact Mass：

178.23

BRN：

1905429

EC Number：

204-371-1

HScode：

29029010

Characteristics

PSA：

XLogP3：

4.5 (calculated)

Appearance：

off-white to yellow powder

Density：

1.25 g/cm³ @ Temp: 27 °C

Melting Point：

218 °C

Boiling Point：

342 °C

Flash Point：

121 °C

Refractive Index：

1.5948

Water Solubility：

H2O: 0.045 mg/L (25 ºC);toluene: soluble 20mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow

Storage Conditions：

APPROX 4°C

Vapor Pressure：

1 mm Hg ( 145 °C)

Vapor Density：

6.15 (vs air)

Toxicity：

Oral-rat LD>: 17000 mg/kg; peritoneal-mouse LD50: 430 mg/kg

Flammability characteristics：

Open flame, high temperature, flammable in case of oxidant; burning produces irritating smoke

Explosive limit：

0.6%(V)

Odor：

Weak aromatic odor

Safety Information

Packing level：

III

Hazard category：

Transport codes：

UN 3077 9/PG 3

wgk germany：

hazard class code：

36/37/38-50/53-67-36-11-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-65-38-66-51/53

safety instructions：

26-60-61-24/25-16-9-45-36/37-62-36

RTECS Number：

CA9350000

Marks：

Xi,N,F,T,Xn

Storage features：

The warehouse is ventilated, low-temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants.

Explosive characteristics：

Explosive when mixed with air; corrosive to skin and cornea; allergic substances

Stability/Shelf Life：

Anthracene darkens in sunlight.

Precautionary statement(s)：

P261-P273-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

Hazard Statements：

H315-H319-H335-H410

Toxicity

Toxicity class：

moderately toxic

Anthracene Use and Manufacturing

Methods of Manufacturing

In coal tar, the content of anthracene is 1.4%. The I anthracene fraction obtained by continuous tar distillation accounts for 12-14% of tar, the initial distillation point is 300℃, and the distillate amount before 350℃ is 95%. I Anthracene oil is cooled and crystallized, vacuum filtered or a centrifuge to remove part of the oil. The crude anthracene oil content after centrifugation is greater than 20-25%, and the remaining components are: anthracene 25-30%, carbazole 20-25%, phenanthrene 30 %about. The yield of anthracene accounts for 58-87% of the anthracene source in tar. In addition to benzene and naphthalene, anthracene is one of the most important components in coal tar. In the industrial production of anthracene, phenanthrene and carbazole, which have similar boiling points, must be separated, so it is much more difficult to manufacture than naphthalene. Even if the distillation, crystallization and solvent extraction are skillfully combined, the yield is only 40-50%. The extraction and purification of anthracene from crude anthracene is to first separate the phenanthrene from anthracene and carbazole by using the characteristics of phenanthrene being easily soluble in oil. Further separation methods of anthracene and carbazole include distillation separation method and potassium melting method.

Uses

Anthracene has been shown to be soluble in a variety of binary and ternary mixtures of cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, and methanol 1,2.

Computed Properties

Molecular Weight:178.23
XLogP3:4.4
Exact Mass:178.078250319
Monoisotopic Mass:178.078250319
Heavy Atom Count:14
Complexity:154
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

Material

Distillates (coal tar), upper

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