2-Methylpyridine

93.13

93.13

215-588-6

3716Q16Q6A

0801

3409

2313

DTXSID9021899

Colorless liquid

29333999

12.89000

1.19

2-methylpyridine is a colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor. Floats on water. Poisonous vapor is produced. (USCG, 1999)

0.9443 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-70 °C

128-129 °C

79 °F

n 20/D 1.500(lit.)

H2O: freely soluble

Flammables area

10 mm Hg ( 24.4 °C)

3.2 (vs air)

LD50 orally in rats: 1.41 g/kg (Smyth)

1.4-8.6%(V)

Strong unpleasant odor

/SRP/: Weak base

9.96e-06 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 9.96X10-6 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C

pKa = 5.96 at 20 °C

/SRP/: Forms salts with acids.|Freezing point = -66.7 °C|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.79X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Highly Flammable

2-METHYLPYRIDINE is hygroscopic. This compound reacts with hydrogen peroxide, iron(II) sulfate, sulfuric acid, oxidizing agents, acids, and metals. (NTP, 1992)

1000 °F (USCG, 1999)|1000 °F (538 °C)|538 °C

Critical temperature: 622 K; critical pressure: 4.62 MPa

III

3

UN2313 Picolines, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.UN 2313 3/PG 3

1

R10;R20/21/22;R36/37

26-36-45-36/37

TJ4900000

Xn,T

Fireproof. Separated from oxidants.

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, sulfuric acid, acids, metals, iron (II) sulfate, hydrogen peroxide. Hygroscopic.

P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P312

H226-H302 + H332-H311-H319-H335

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U191, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

Mixtures with hydrogen peroxide + iron(II)sulfate + sulfuric acid may ignite & then explode.|Addition of 30% peroxide & sulfuric acid to 2-methylpyridine & iron(ii) sulfate caused sudden exotherm, followed by vapor phase explosion & ignition.

ITC/USEPA; Information Review #425 (Draft) Methylpyridines (1984)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: When heated to decompo- sition, emits toxic fumes of cyanide. Behavior in Fire: Heat may cause pressure buildup in closed containers. Use water to keep container cool. (USCG, 1999)|Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 26 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Warning|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P322, P330, P337+P313, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Danger|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P337+P313, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 464 companies from 17 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Flush with water (USCG, 1999)

Wear goggles, rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus and protective overclothing. (USCG, 1999)|Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. ... Wear positive pressire self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Picolines/

Moderate fire risk|Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.4-8.6

To fight fire, use carbon dioxide, dry chemical.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flood quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Picolines/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid. /Picolines/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. ... Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Picolines/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Picolines/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Picolines/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Picolines/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Picolines/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-METHYLPYRIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. /Picolines/|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. /Picolines/

Irritating to respiratory tract.|A skin and severe eye irritant.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from oxidants.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes and skin. The vapour is irritating to the respiratory tract. Exposure at high levels could cause unconsciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 26 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

U191; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

U191; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 2-methylpyridine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

2-Methylpyridine has been identified in effluents from the following industries: timber products, organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and public owned treatment works(3). 2-Methylpyridine is contained in shale oil wastewater (5 ppm) and would be released to the atmosphere if the wastewater were heated as it would be when used to cool hot, retorted oil shale(1,5). It was also found in the effluents from an advanced publically-owned water treatment facility in Pomona, CA(2). Wastewater from coal gasification contained an estimated 3.71 ppm of 2-methylpyridine(4). 2-Methylpyridine has been detected at a mean concentration of 5.0 mg/L from 10 samples of low temperature carbonization wastewater from waste ammonia liquor(6).

2-Methylpyridine was detected but not quantified in non-agricultural loamy soil from the Moscow region(1). Less than 0.22 ppm of the chemical was found in Eagle Harbor sediment, an area of Puget Sound that is contaminated with creosote(2).

INDOOR: A mean concentration of 0.07 ug/cu m 2-methylpyridine was reported in samples of air taken from non-smoking homes in Columbus, OH over one week in February 1991 (n=24; range=0.00 to 0.67 ug/cu m); in smoking homes, a mean concentration of 0.45 ug/cu 2-methylpyridine was reported (n=25; range=0.00 to 1.55 ug/cu m)(1).|SOURCE DOMINATED: Indoor and outdoor air in and near the shale oil wastewater treatment facility of Occidental Oil Shale Inc at the Logan Wash site, CO contained 7 and 28 ug/cu m of 2-methylpyridine, respectively(1). Rural air in an undeveloped area of the oil shale region as well as urban air (Boulder, CO) contained no 2-methylpyridine(1). The average daily ambient concentration for 2-methylpyridine based on 3 data points is 0.613 ppbv(2).

2-Methylpyridine has been identified in cigarette smoke(1,2). It was detected, not quantified in marijuana smoke(3).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Methylpyridine is a colorless liquid with a strong unpleasant odor. It is used as organic intermediate for rubber and dye chemicals, solvent, laboratory reagent. 2-Methylpyridine is a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of: 2-amino-6-methylpyridine; betahistine; bis-acodyl; clopyralid; 2-methylpiperidine; perhexiline; picloram; picolinic acid; thioridazine; 2-vinylpyridine. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: 2-Methylpyridine causes local irritation on contact with the skin, mucous membranes and cornea. Clinical signs of intoxication caused by the methylpyridines include weight loss, diarrhea, weakness, ataxia and unconsciousness as well as CNS depression, headache, giddiness and vomiting. Chronic exposure to methylpyridine results in anemia and ocular and facial paralysis in addition to the previously mentioned symptoms. It has been alleged that the workmen exposed to picoline vapors may develop diplopia as a result of disturbance of the eye muscles. ANIMAL STUDIES: Eye and skin irritant in rabbits. Chronic administration to rats decreased glycogen level and increased glucose and lactic acid levels in liver of rats throughout most of the study. In developmental study in rats structure and composition of the liver and the structure andgrowth pattern of the skin were disrupted in the offspring. 2-Methylpyridine affected electrophysiological parameters in rats. Ames test with and without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA97, TA102, 10-5000 ug/plate was negative.

LD50 Rat oral 790 mg/kg|LD50 Rat ip 200 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 674 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit skin 410 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 900 mg/kg

2-Methylpyridine's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, rubber chemicals and vinyl pyridine, and as a solvent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). In addition, 2-methylpyridine is found in cigarette smoke(2,3).|Underground coal gasification sites are a source of 2-methylpyridine.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 4 to 215, determined from sorption studies using 5 Eurosoil reference soils(2), indicate that 2-methylpyridine is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-methylpyridine is 5.96(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). In the Eurosoil tests, lowest adsorption occurred when 2-methylpyridine was in non-ionized form(2). Volatilization of the neutral species of 2-methylpyridine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 9.96X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(5). 2-Methylpyridine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 11.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Results of various biodegradation studies indicate that 2-methylpyridine generally biodegrades readily under aerobic conditions, but biodegradation occurs much slower under anaerobic ocnditions(7). In one aerobic soil study, 97.3% biodegradation of 2-methylpyridine occurred when incubated in a silt loam soil for 16 days(8). 2-Methylpyridine was completely biodegraded in 2 weeks in an aerobic surface soil while in anaerobic surface soil only 10% biodegradation was reported in 3 months(9).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 4 to 215, determined from sorption studies using 5 Eurosoil reference soils(2), indicate that 2-methylpyridine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.96X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 30 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.11(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Low bioconcentration was reported for BCF tests using carp (Cyprinus carpio)(8). Results of various biodegradation studies indicate that 2-methylpyridine generally biodegrades readily under aerobic conditions, but biodegradation occurs much slower under anaerobic ocnditions(9). 2-Methylpyridine was completely biodegraded in 4 days in aerobic groundwater(10). In sulfidogenic estuarine sediments, 2-methylpyridine was not biodegraded over a 100-day period(11). 2-Methylpyridine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). The UV absorption spectrum of 2-methylpyridine in aqueous solution shows no absorption >290 nm(12); therefore, 2-methylpyridine is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-methylpyridine, which has a vapor pressure of 11.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-methylpyridine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.79X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The UV absorption spectrum of 2-methylpyridine in aqueous solution shows no absorption >290 nm(4); therefore, 2-methylpyridine is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-methylpyridine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 2.79X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Methylpyridine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). The UV absorption spectrum of 2-methylpyridine in aqueous solution shows a UV maximum at 263 nm, but no absorption >290 nm(3); therefore, 2-methylpyridine is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 2-methylpyridine(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.11(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Low bioconcentration was reported for tests using carp (Cyprinus carpio)(4); however, actual BCF values were not available(SRC).

The sorption behavior of 2-methylpyridine was studied in soil column tests using 5 Eurosoil reference soils having organic carbon content ranging from 0.33-1.85% and pH ranging from 5.2-8.6(1); measured Kd values ranging from 0.08 to 6.52(1) correspond to calculated Koc values of 4, 38, 70, 100 and 215(SRC); the lowest Koc value of 4 corresponds to Eurosoil 2 which had the highest pH value(8.6). The pKa of 2-methylpyridine is 5.96(2), indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(3). In the Eurosoil column tests(1), lowest adsorption occurred when 2-methylpyridine was in non-ionized form(1). Sorption of 2-methylpyridine to soil is primarily controlled by cation exchange and surface complex formation(1,4). According to a classification scheme(5), the Koc values suggest that 2-methylpyridine is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil.|Spectral studies of 2-methylpyridine adsorbed to hydrated and dehydrated silica indicate that hydrogen bonding occurs with silica surface silanols via the nitrogen atom on the pyridine ring and that this interaction is stronger than that between this compound and water(1). 2-Methylpyridine emerged under 2 soil column void volumes; soil columns were packed with soil cores from Rock Springs, WY to the original 1016 mm depth and shale-oil process water was used as the mobile phase(2); the pH and clay content of the soil were not specified(2); this indicates that soil is an effective adsorbent when less than this void volume of retort water is applied (as in small spills)(2); rainfall leaching after a spill will also probably enhance solute migration(2). When 2-methylpyridine was incubated at 28 °C in a soil inoculum, 4.8% was sorbed by soil(3).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-methylpyridine is 9.96X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-methylpyridine is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 30 days(SRC). 2-Methylpyridine's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 2-Methylpyridine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 11.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). 2-Methylpyridine is a weak base with a pKa of 5.96(4), which indicates this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in acidic conditions, and no volatilization from water or moist soil will occur for the cation(SRC). In mineral salts-soil suspensions incubated at 28 °C, 15% was volatilized in 24 days(5). Volatilization from soil alone was only 2-3% after 60 days(6).

GROUNDWATER: Contaminated groundwater from St. Louis Park, MN - site of a coal tar distillation and wood-preserving facility that operated from 1918-1972 - contained 41 ppb of 2-methylpyridine(1). Two aquifers under the Hoe Creek (WY) coal gasification site contained 0.88-61 ppb of 2-methylpyridine 15 months after gasification was complete(2). 2-Methylpyridine was not detected in wells at Hanna and Gilette, WY prior to coal gasification(3). Concentrations of 0.91, and 0.34, 0.26, and 0.00 mg/L 2-methylpyridine at depths of 6.1, and 3.3, 5.8, and 11.0 meters, respectively, were reported in contaminated groundwater from two wood-preserving sites in Pensacola, FL(4). At Gas Works Park in Seattle, WA, 2-methylpyridine was found in only one of 10 wells at a concentration of 2.1 mg/L(5). 2-Methylpyridine was reported in groundwater sampled from 3 creosote-contaminated sites in Denmark at concentrations from not detected (detection limit of 0.05 ug/L) to 57 ug/L(6).|DRINKING WATER: 2-Methylpyridine was reported in drinking water in Cincinnati, OH(1).|SURFACE WATER: 2-Methylpyridine has been detected in Rhine River water at concentrations of 0, 0.012, 0.034, 0, 0, 0.012, 0.011, and 0 ug/L at 8 different locations(1). In 1979, 2-methylpyridine was detected in the River Rhine water at a concentration of 0.3 ug/L(2)

2-Methylpyridine has been identified as a volatile flavor compound in fried bacon(1), boiled beef(2), fried chicken(3) and frankfurters(4). 2-Methylpyridine has also been detected in coffee aroma(5) and identified as an aroma compound in the earth almond(6). Concentrations of 2-methylpyridine in 3 commercial fermented soybean curds from Hong Kong were 25.8, 17.2, and 99.7 ug/kg(7).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 2-methylpyridine is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 11,240 workers (1,234 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 2-methylpyridine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-methylpyridine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-methylpyridine is produced or used(SRC). 2-Methylpyridine is formed in the thermal decomposition of amine-cured epoxy powder paint and this could lead to occupational exposures if the epoxy resin is deposited on a surface hot enough to degrade the polymer (350 °C)(2). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-methylpyridine via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and contaminated drinking water, and inhalation of cigarette smoke(SRC).|PICOLINES CAN BE ABSORBED BY INHALATION, INGESTION, AND SKIN CONTACT. /PICOLINES/|Workers in plants where 2-methylpyridine is produced from acetaldehyde and ammonia, and those at plants extracting the compound from coke oven by-products have a high exposure potential. ... Worker exposure may also occur in related industries such as tar and pitch plants where the compound has also been found in air samples, ... and also in energy industries such as coal gasification and liquefaction and oil shale extraction where pyridines have been found in waste waters. Workers in industries using 2-methylpyridine as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of polymer adhesives, acrylic fibers, vinyl resins, pesticides and pharmaceuticals might also be exposed, but no monitoring data were found to determine the extent of such exposures.

Alpha-picoline was rapidly absorbed by blood & penetrated into liver, heart, spleen, lungs, & muscles during 1St 10-20 min following oral admin of 0.5 g/kg to rats. It was excreted in urine during 1St 48 hr.|Addition of a methyl group onto the pyridine molecule increases the rate of absorption of the resultant picolines into the liver, kidney, & brain of rats. After ip injection of the picolines, pharmacokinetic parameters were greatly dependent upon the position of the methyl group. For example, the residence time for beta-picoline in liver, brain, & kidney was > that of alpha- or gamma-picoline. Elimination of all four pyridines was biphasic in nature, the first phase being more prolonged for pyridine & beta-picoline than for alpha- or gamma-picoline.|The substance is rapidly absorbed by the blood and penetrated into liver, heart, spleen, lungs, brain and muscles during the first 10 - 20 minutes after oral administration of 500 mg/kg to rats. It is excreted in urine mainly during the first 48 hrs after administration. Prevalent accumulation in the liver within 1 hr. Within 2 days however, the levels of the substance in the organs was decreased to traces.

... In rabbits and dogs /2-methylpyridine/ is oxidized to alpha-picolinic acid which is excreted in the urine. alpha-Picolinuric acid is also excreted by frogs administered alpha-picoline, but only in amounts less than 1% of the dose. In hens it is excreted partly as alpha-pyridinornithuric acid.|/It was observed that/ 96% of a 100 mg/kg oral dose of 2-methylpyridine administered to rats was excreted in the urine as picolinuric acid.|There also is evidence that 2-methylpyridine forms an N-methylated derivative in dogs.

INHALATION, INGESTION OR SKIN ABSORPTION: Narcosis, headache, nausea, giddiness, vomiting. EYES: Severe irritation. SKIN: Causes burns. INGESTION: Irritation and gastric upset. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orortracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonistic such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ 2-Methylpyridine causes local irritation on contact with the skin, mucous membranes & cornea. Clinical signs of intoxication caused by the methylpyridines include weight loss, diarrhea, weakness, ataxia and unconsciousness as well as /CNS depression/, headache, nausea, giddines and vomiting. Chronic exposure to methylpyridine results in anemia and ocular and facial paralysis in addition to the previously mentioned symptoms.|/CASE REPORTS/ ... It has been alleged that the workmen exposed to picoline vapors may develop diplopia as a result of disturbance of the eye muscles. /Picolines/|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Reilly Industries Belgium In-House data: Workplace typical concentrations: 0.01 - 1.85 ppm (personal sampling workers 8hrs values). Fenceline typical concentrations: 0.4 - 4 ppb (fenceline monitoring data).

2-methylpyridine

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat. Unconsciousness. Weakness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Redness. Burning sensation. Pain. Blisters. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Pyridine, 2-methyl-: ACTIVE|Pyridine, methyl-: ACTIVE|Pyridine bases are a constituent of tars. They were isolated from coal tar or coal gas before synthetic manufacturing processes became established. The amounts contained in coal tar and coal gas are small, and the pyridine bases isolated from them are a mixture of many components. Thus, with a few exceptions, isolation of pure pyridine bases was expensive. Today, almost all pyridine bases are produced by synthesis. /Pridine bases/

Method: EPA-RCA 8270D; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: 2-methylpyridine; Matrix: solid waste matrices, soils, air sampling media and water; Detection Limit: not provided.|Method: EPA-RCA 8260B; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: 2-methylpyridine; Matrix: various; Detection Limit: not provided.|Method: EPA-RCA 8015C; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: 2-methylpyridine; Matrix: surface water, ground water, and solid matrices; Detection Limit: not provided.|Method: EPA-RCA 5030C; Procedure: purge and trap; Analyte: 2-methylpyridine; Matrix: water; Detection Limit: not provided.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 2-METHYLPYRIDINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree

Flavoring Agents