Cinerin II

359.43608

360.44

204-454-2

J204A0Y0JG

DTXSID9041788

Viscous liquid

83.50000

2.36970

1.12g/cm3

182-184 °C @ Press: 1 x 10^-3 Torr

195.3ºC

nD20 1.5183

Soluble in alcohol, petroleum ether (less soluble than cinerin I), kerosene, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride, nitromethane

Pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide topical preparations should be stored in well-closed containers at a temperature less than 40 deg C, preferably between 15-30 deg C. /Pyrethrins/

4.59X10-7 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Henry's Law constant = 9.17X10-10 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

Refined extract is a pale yellow mobile oil, with a faint flowery odor; unrefined extract is a dark greenish brown viscous liquid. Powder (ground flowers) is tan color. /Pyrethrins/|Oxidizes rapidly and becomes inactive in presence of air|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)|Ozone radical reaction rate constant = 7.2X10-16 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Non-corrosive

III

6.1(b)

2902

22-50/53

60-61

Xn,N

Stable >10 yr in absence of light, at ambient temperature.

P264, P270, P273, P301+P312, P330, P391, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Incineration would be an effective disposal procedure where permitted. /Pyrethrin products/

... Incompatible with lime and ordinary soaps because acids & alkalies speed up processes of hydrolysis. /Pyrethrins/|Strong oxidizers. /Pyrethrum/

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Pyrethrins, EPA 738-R-06-004 (June 2006). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of May 1, 2012: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P301+P312, P330, P391, and P501

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Pyrethrum/|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Pyrethrum/|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 mg/cu m: /Pyrethrum/[Table#6338]|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 125 mg/cu m: /Pyrethrum/[Table#6339]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for CINERIN II (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fire-fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Pyrethrum/|Extinguishant: Carbon dioxide, foam, or dry chemical. /Pyrethrum/|If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Pyrethrins/

If pyrethrum is spilled, the following steps should be taken: 1) Ventilate area of spill. 2) For small quantities, sweep onto paper or other suitable material, place in an appropriate container and burn in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Large quantities may be reclaimed; however, if this is not practical, dissolve in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) and atomize in a suitable combustion chamber. /Pyrethrum/|Environmental considerations: Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Pyrethrins/|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. /Pyrethrins/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. /Pyrethrum/|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. /Pyrethrum/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CINERIN II (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pyrethrum may irritate the eyes. /Pyrethrum/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 5 mg/cu m /pyrethrum/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Pyrethrins/

Piperonyl butoxide potentiates /insecticidal activity/ of pyrethrins by inhibiting the hydrolytic enzymes responsible for pyrethrins' metabolism in arthropods. When piperonyl butoxide is combined with pyrethrins, the insecticidal activity of the latter drug is increased 2-12 times /Pyrethrins/|At dietary level of 1000 ppm pyrethrins & 10000 ppm piperonyl butoxide ... /enlargement, margination, & cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells of rats/ were well developed in only 8 days, but ... were not maximal. Changes were proportional to dosage & similar to those produced by DDT. Effects of the 2 ... were additive. /Pyrethrins/|There is no evidence that synergists incr toxicity of the pyrethrins to mammals. /Pyrethrins/

LD50 Rat (male) oral 2370 mg/kg /Pyrethrins/|LD50 Rat (female) oral 1030 mg/kg /Pyrethrins/|LC50 Rat inhalation 3.4 mg/L/4 hr /Pyrethrins/

In persons with chronic respiratory disease and especially asthma, the inhalation of pyrethrum /and inadequately purified pyrethrins/ might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its sensitizing properties. Skin disease: Pyrethrum can cause dermatitis which may be allergic in nature. Persons with preexisting skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. /Pyrethrum/

Active insecticidal constituents of pyrethrum flowers /Cinerins/

Cinerin II's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide and acaricide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cinerin II is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cinerin II from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Cinerin II is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.6X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Although environmental biodegradation data specific to cinerin II are not available, the pyrethrin class of insecticides is degraded readily by environmental microorganisms(5,6); based upon its structure, cinerin II is also expected to biodegrade readily(5,6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cinerin II is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 50(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 4.98(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.1X10-2 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(8); this corresponds to half-lives of 20 and 2.0 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(8). Although environmental biodegradation data specific to cinerin II are not available, the pyrethrin class of insecticides is degraded readily by environmental microorganisms(9,10); based upon its structure, cinerin II is also expected to biodegrade readily(9,10).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cinerin II, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.6X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cinerin II is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.9 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase cinerin II is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 minutes(SRC), calculated from its rate constants of 7.2X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase cinerin II may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Cinerin II contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and. therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Pyrethrins are decomp by exposure to light with loss of insecticidal activity. They also are rapidly oxidized & inactivated by air. /Pyrethrins/|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cinerin II with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cinerin II with ozone has been estimated as 7.2X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 minutes at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.1X10-2 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(3); this corresponds to half-lives of 20 and 2.0 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(3). Cinerin II contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 50 was calculated in fish for cinerin II(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 4.98(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of cinerin II can be estimated to be 1600(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that cinerin II is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for cinerin II is estimated as 9.2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that cinerin II is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Cinerin II is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.6X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Occupational exposure to cinerin II may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pyrethrum, of which cinerin II is a component, is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to cinerin II via dermal contact with products containing cinerin II. (SRC)

Individuals sensitive to ragweed have shown cross-sensitivity to unrefined but not to refined pyrethrins; however, manufacturers of pyrethrins combinations warned that these products should not be used by ragweed-sensitive patients. /Pyrethrins/|Local irritation incl erythema, pruritus, urticaria, edema, eczema, & slight corneal erosion & stromal edema may occur & ... contact with face, eyes, mucous membranes, & urethral meatus should be avoided. ... Pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide should not be applied to acutely inflamed skin or raw, weeping surfaces. ... The drug should not be used more than twice in 24 hours. /Pyrethrins/

Pyrethrins are absorbed through intact skin when applied topically. When animals were exposed to aerosols of pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide being released into the air, little or none of the combination was systemically absorbed. /Pyrethrins/

The metabolic pathways for the breakdown of the pyrethroids vary little between mammalian species but vary somewhat with structure. ... Essentially, pyrethrum and allethrin are broken down mainly by oxidation of the isobutenyl side chain of the acid moiety and of the unsaturated side chain of the alcohol moiety with ester hydrolysis playing and important part, whereas for the other pyrethroids ester hydrolysis predominates. /Pyrethrum and pyrethroids/|Initially, it was suggested that decomp of pyrethrins was caused by hydrolytic enzymes. Subsequent studies have shown that lipases of roaches & houseflies readily hydrolyze pyrethrin esters to keto alcohols, chyrsanthemum acids, & several unidentified compounds ... Some 8-12% of labeled pyrethrin applied to roaches was excreted as (14)CO2. When applied to houseflies, no (14)CO2 was detected. ... Chrysanthemum acid & 5 unknown metabolites were detected. Three of unknown metabolites had intact chrysanthemum acid moiety & an ester linkage. ... It appears that initial degradation occurred on pyrethrolone or cinerolone moiety. /Pyrethrins/

The symptoms of pyrethrin poisoning follow the typical pattern ... : (1) excitation, (2) convulsions, (3) paralysis, and (4) death. The effects of pyrethrins on the insect nervous system closely resemble those of DDT, but are apparently much less persistent. Regular, rhythmic, and spontaneous nerve discharges have been observed in insect and crustacean nerve-muscle preparations poisoned with pyrethrins. The primary target of pyrethrins seems to be the ganglia of the insect central nervous system although some pyrethrin-poisoning effect can be observed in isolated legs. /Pyrethrins/|Electrophysiologically, pyrethrins cause repetitive discharges and conduction block. /Pyrethrins/|Mode of action of pyrethrum & related cmpd has been studied more in insects & in other invertebrates than in mammals. This action involves ion transport through the membrane of nerve axons &, at least in invertebrates & lower vertebrates, it exhibits a negative temperature coefficient. In both of these important ways & in many details, the mode of action of pyrethrin & pyrethroids resembles that of DDT. Esterases & mixed-function oxidase system differ in their relative importance for metabolizing different synthetic pyrethroids. The same may be true of the constituents of pyrethrum, depending on strain, species, & other factors. /Pyrethrins and pyrethroids/|The interactions of natural pyrethrins and 9 pyrethroids with the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor/channel complex of Torpedo electronic organ membranes were studied. None reduced (3)H-ACh binding to the receptor sites, but all inhibited (3)H-labeled perhydrohistrionicotoxin binding to the channel sites in presence of carbamylcholine. Allethrin inhibited binding noncompetitively, but (3)H-labeled imipramine binding competitively, suggesting that allethrin binds to the receptor's channel sites that bind imipramine. The pyrethroids were divided into 2 types according to their action: type A, which included allethrin, was more potent in inhibiting (3)H-H12-HTX binding and acted more rapidly. Type B, which included permethrin, was less potent and their potency increased slowly with time. The high affinities that several pyrethroids have for this nicotinic ACh receptor suggest that pyrethroids may have a synaptic site of action in addition to their well known effects on the axonal channels. /Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids/

The additives (e.g. petroleum distillate), when present, represent a greater toxic threat to the patient than the active ingredient itself. ... Emesis should not be induced when petroleum distillate additives are present unless the product ingested is estimated to contain a near lethal dose (1 g/kg) of pyrethrum or pyrethrins... Pulmonary & allergic sequelae are treated symptomatically with airway maintenance, oxygen, & ventilatory assistance as required. Standard drugs and management protocols may be used for treatment of bronchospasm & anaphylaxis. Seizures are treated with diazepam. /Pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids/|Antihistamines are effective in controlling most allergic reactions. Severe asthmatic reactions, particularly in predisposed persons, may require administration of inhaled B2-agonists and/or systemic corticosteroids. Inhalation exposure should be carefully avoided in the future. /Pyrethrum and pyrethrins/|Anaphylaxis-type reactions may require subcutaneous epinephrine, epinephrine, and respiratory support. /Pyrethrum and pyrethrins/|Contact dermatitis may require extended administration of topical corticosteroid preparations. This should be done under the supervision of a physician. Future contact with the allergen must be avoided. /Pyrethrum and pyrethrins/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CINERIN II (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ When 200 people (177 women & 23 men) were patch tested with a 1% water dispersion of pyrethrins, no evidence of primary irritancy or of sensitization was found. /Pyrethrins/|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Sensitivity was produced in 10-26% of unselected test populations by repeated application of pyrethrum ointment.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Injury to humans ... has most frequently resulted from allergic properties ... rather than ... direct toxicity. Although the allergy usually has been assoc with occupational or therapeutic contact, it is impossible to exclude the possibility of injury assoc with other kinds of exposure. Pyrethrum sensitivity may manifest itself in several forms. ... Contact dermatitis is by far the most common. The usual ... /outbreak/ is a mild erythematous vesicular dermatitis with papules in moist areas, & intense pruritus. In few cases, bullae appear. Edema & cracking develop in severe cases. Pyrethrum dermatitis may be made worse by exposure to sun. Several cases have shown ... "local anaphylaxis", characterized by dermatitis & sudden severe swelling of face, sometimes incl eyes & lips. A mild form accompanied by tachycardia, pallor, sweating, & fever was produced in ... experiments. Some individuals show manifestations of pyrethrum sensitivity similar to those seen in pollinosis, incl sneezing, serous nasal discharge, & nasal stuffiness.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ With massive doses ingested orally, nervous system symptoms may occur, which incl excitation & convulsions leading to paralysis & accompanied by muscular fibrillation & diarrhea. Death is due to resp failure.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CINERIN II (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Approximately 200,000 lbs of pyrethrins are sold every year. Approximately 9% of the total amount of pyrethrins applied is used on agricultural commodities. Other sites where pyrethrins are applied include: 40% on indoor food areas (e.g. farm premises, food processing, dairies), 35% on indoor residential settings (e.g. pets, household domestic dwellings), 10% on indoor non-food areas (e.g. commercial, institutional industrial premises), and 6% on terrestrial non-food areas (e.g. show animals, turf, recreational areas). /Pyrethrins/|/Pyrethrins:/ Livestock buildings, 36%; public health pest control, 17%; structural pest control, 33%; landscape maintenance, 5%; other uses (e.g. vegetables, cattle, flowers, industrial applications), 9% (1984) /California consumption and use/

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies pyrethrins (technical grade) as Class II: moderately hazardous; Main Use: insecticide. /Pyrethrins/|Pyrethrum extract contains six closely related insecticidal esters ... The six individual esters are not available commercially and are more economically produced as botanicals than by chemical manufacture.|Purified separate isomers or mixtures of isomers are available only in laboratory; they are too expensive for practical use. /Pyrethrins/|Kenya flowers contain ca. 1.3% of the toxic constituents, pyrethrins and cinerins; Japanese flowers, ca. 1%; and Dalmatian flowers, ca. 0.7%.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for CINERIN II (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.